巩乃斯避暑旅游气象指数分析与评价

根据巩乃斯、和静站2009—2018年6—8月的逐日平均气温、最高气温、相对湿度、风速等气象观测资料,采用对比分析、通径分析及模糊综合评价等方法对巩乃斯地区夏季避暑旅游气象资源优势进行分析和评价.结果表明:巩乃斯夏季气候凉爽、湿度适宜、风速不大,人体感觉凉爽、舒适,适合避暑旅行.人体舒适度与空气温度呈显著正相关,与相对...     

咸阳地热田水溶氦气资源评价与开发利用前景分析

近年来,在咸阳地热田资源开发利用过程中,发现地热水中普遍伴生有较高浓度的氦气(0.16％～3.00％).多年监测结果表明,伴生的氦气资源分布范围广,含量高且稳定,表现出了较大的资源潜力.通过对咸阳地热田水溶氦气资源量的定量计算,得到咸阳市区水溶氦气资源量为10.92×108 m3,可采量为0.22×108 m3.认为咸阳市开发利用水溶氦气资源的优势显著,在咸阳率先开展水溶氦气提取试验及建立年产万方级水溶氦气先导性试验区,可为在渭河盆地建立我国氦气工业基地及热、矿、水综合开发利用起到示范作用.     

秦岭地区气溶胶对地形云降水的抑制作用

以华山站为影响站, 周围的西安、渭南和华阴作为对比站, 通过影响站与对比站降水之比——地形强化因子(Ro)的变化趋势以及Ro与能见度关系的分析, 定量研究了秦岭地区气溶胶对地形云降水的抑制作用。Ro的演变分析表明: 有观测以来Ro逐年递减, 减幅为14%～20%, 即影响站与对比站相比降水量减少了14%～20%; Ro的减少趋势与能见度递减、气溶胶递增相吻合, 说明气溶胶的增加抑制了地形云降水。Ro的递减主要是减少了中小雨 (日雨量小于30 mm) 的天数, 这种影响对浅薄的生命期较短的地形云降水作用更明显, 对于华山站, 30 mm以下的降水都会受到入云气溶胶的抑制作用, 而西安站为5 mm以下, 入云气溶胶浓度越高, 就有越厚的降水云受气溶胶影响而抑制降水; 在以动力强迫抬升为主的春秋季, 气溶胶抑制华山地形云降水20%左右, 最大可达25%; 在热对流条件下, 气溶胶对地形云和对平原地区云的抑制作用基本相当。不同风速风向下Ro的变化趋势表明, Ro递减随风速增大而加快, 迎风向 (240°～30°) 大风 (≥5 m/s) 时减少降水超过30%。由Ro与能见度关系的定量分析发现, 当能见度在14 km时Ro为1.8左右, 随着能见度的降低Ro逐渐减小, 当能见度小于8 km时,R0约为1.2, 减小了30%左右; 华山对于华阴的Ro与能见度呈线性关系, 相关系数达0.81。最后, 根据研究结果归纳出气溶胶抑制秦岭地区地形云降水的初步物理模型。     

Inorganic carbon parameters responding to summer hypoxia outside the Changjiang Estuary and the related implications

The eutrophication, hypoxia and coastal acidification are attracting more and more attention. In this study, inorganic carbon parameters, including dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), total alkalinity (TA) and calculated partial pressure of CO₂ (pCO₂), obtained from a summer cruise in August, 2009, were used to investigate their integrated response to biological processes accompanying the oxygen depletion in the areas off the Changjiang Estuary. According to the observations, the typical hypoxia occurred in the bottom water just outside the Changjiang Estuary with Dissolved Oxygen (DO) lower than 2.00 mg L^?1. The biological uptake in the surface water and the decomposition of organic matter in the bottom water were fully coupled with each other. The high concentration of Chl_a (Chl_a = 10.9 μg L^?1) and DO (9.25 mg L^?1), profoundly decreased DIC concentration (1828 μmol kg^?1) and elevated pH (8.42) was observed in the surface water. The correspondingly increased DIC and depletion of oxygen were observed in the bottom water. The semi-quantitative analysis proved that the locally-produced phytoplankton, determined by primary productivity, was deposited to the bottom and contributed about 76% of total amount of the organic carbon decomposition in the bottom. However, in the bottom hypoxia (DO = 2.05 mg L^?1) area observed in the Southern Zhejiang coastal water, the responding patterns of inorganic carbon parameters deviated from the previous one. The expanding of Changjiang Diluted Water (CDW), the adding of Hangzhou Bay water (with high DIC concentration) and Coastal Current together modify the DIC background value in this area, and the local degeneration and upwelling process may also help to offset the local DIC removed by net biological uptake in surface water. In addition, when the mixing occurring in autumn, which may break the summer stratification, the excess release of high DIC in the bottom water to the subsurface water could have an important influence on coastal acidification and the CO₂ uptake capacity in this area.     

Field investigation of a dry detention pond with underground detention storage

Abstract

A dry pond is an urban drainage component designed to temporarily store stormwater runoff and to encourage infiltration of surface water to the subsurface layer. This paper investigates field measurement of a dry pond at Taiping Health Clinic, Perak, Malaysia that has been functioning well for five years. The pond has a surface area of 195 m², maximum depth of 32 cm, and a storage capacity of 31.88 m³. The study focused on the infiltration functionality of the constructed dry pond and the results show that it has an average infiltration rate of 125 mm/h and dries up in 330 min after being filled to a depth of 31 mm. A public-domain hydrological model was then employed to simulate hydrographs of ponding and draining, the results of which matched observations with 86–98% accuracy. These results can lead to better understanding of the system and allow duplication of such a drainage design elsewhere.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis

Citation Lai, S.H. and Mah, D.Y.S., 2012. Field investigation of a dry detention pond with underground detention storage. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 57 (6), 1249–1255.     

桂中坳陷环江凹陷上古生界海相页岩储层孔隙结构和分形特征研究

通过有机地化分析、全岩X衍射矿物分析、甲烷等温吸附及低压氮气吸附实验,本文对桂中坳陷环江凹陷上古生界页岩样品的孔隙结构及分形特征进行了研究.结果表明:研究区页岩总有机碳含量(TOC)平均为2.40%,热成熟度(Ro)平均为2.65%,处于过成熟演化阶段.页岩主要的矿物组成为石英和黏土.页岩的比表面积平均为5.86 m2/g,孔容平均为0.014 9 mL/g,平均孔径为11.2 nm.页岩中发育大量的中孔,主要呈两端开口的圆筒形孔或四边开放的平行板状孔.页岩中TOC含量和石英含量越多,微-中孔越发育、比表面积和孔容越大,而平均孔径则变小.通过Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH)模型和氮气吸附实验数据计算得到孔隙表面分形维数D1(平均为2.428 4)和孔隙结构分形维数D2(平均为2.622 2),对应的相对压力(P/P0)分别是0~ 0.45和0.45 ~ 0.99.分形维数D1、D2随着比表面积、孔容的增加而增加,而平均孔径随着前者的增加而减小.分形维数D1、D2、TOC含量、石英含量和甲烷吸附量之间呈现较好的正相关性,但随着黏土矿物含量的增多而减小.分形维数D1与Langmuir压力存在弱负相关性,分形维数D2随Langmuir压力增大有变大的趋势.桂中坳陷西北部页岩分形维数越大,孔隙结构越复杂,其对天然气的吸附和存储能力越强.     

辽宁区域性春旱的大气环流及影响因子分析

利用美国NCEP/NCAR的再分析资料、Hadley中心逐月海温资料(HadiSST)和辽宁地区逐日降水资料,对辽宁区域性春旱大气环流特征及影响因子进行分析。结果表明：乌山脊和东亚大槽减弱,位相比历年平均位相偏东,中高纬大气环流经向度减小,是导致中国辽宁区域性春季降水减少的大气环流背景;区域性春旱同期,大陆气压升高,海上气压降低;辽宁上空湿度明显小于历年均值,贝湖到中国辽宁一带盛行西北气流。区域性春旱前冬,辽宁上空200hPa高度场出现正距平;地面气温较历史同期偏高;Nino3海温异常偏低。     

不同树龄桐花树茎上白条地藤壶分布特征的研究

研究了广西英罗港红树林区向海林带不同树龄的桐花树茎上白条地藤壶的分布特征。结果表明，白条地藤壶在茎上的附着高度（h)随树龄和树高增大而增大。在最大树龄17龄植株上平均达到182cm，此高度为潮高约512cm海水才能浸及，在一年中约有将近90％的时间暴露在空气中。附着高度（h)与树高（H）比值h/H以5龄树最大，达91．9％。树层最大密度达46600Ind/m^2，最小为172Ind/m^2。在同一树龄的不同树层，密度表现为先随树高增大逐渐增大，达到最大密度后又下降。在不同树龄的同一树层，密度高低变化，分布一般出现多个峰。白条地藤壶最适宜附着和生长在桐花树茎上100－120cm树层（浸及此树层的海水潮高约为430－450cm)。树层最大生物量为1719．05g/m^2，最小为5．39g/m^2。生物量分布与密度的相似。     

长江口南港水道潮流特征分析

根据１９９６年长江口南港水道枯、丰水期（１月、７月）大、中、小潮两次各２６ｈ以上的全潮水文实测资料,统计分析了实测流的特征和潮流类型、运动形式、潮流垂直变化、余流、Ｍ２分潮流及分潮流对涨、落潮流不等的影响。