BALLOON-BORNE MEASUREMENTS OF AEROSOL VERTICAL DISTRIBUTIONS OVER BEIJING DURING THE SUMMER AND AUTUMN OF 1993

The results of two balloon soundings during the summer and autumn of 1993 from the Xianghe Observation Station are being utilized in a study of the temporal and spatial distribution of the atmospheric aerosols.The balloon,gondola,instrumentation and atmospheric conditions during the observation period are described.The temporal and spatial characteristics of aerosol concentration,size ratio,mixing ratio,and size distribution for both troposphere and strato-sphere are presented and analyzed.     

湖北宜昌石板溪金矿区断层空间结构及其控矿规律研究

断层空间结构包括变形结构和几何结构两部分。本文在解析石板溪金矿区主要断层变形结构和几何结构的基础上，探讨了其空间结构模式和控矿规律。     

1812年3月8日新疆尼勒克8级大震

1812年3月8日新疆尼勒克县发生的8级大震造成了极强烈的地表形变,产生了长达65公里的地震断裂带,其垂直位移可达10米,右旋水平位移在1.5米以上。极震区有多处构造塌陷、滑坡和崩塌,巨型塌陷的面积达2平方公里,滑坡体后缘最宽可达2公里,震中烈度110度强。本文根据现场考察及对航片的研究,结合历史记载勾绘了这次地震的烈度等震线,对地震的震级、震中位置、震源深度、地震矩、应力降和震源机制解等进行了计算和讨论,并对发震的地质构造背景进行了初步的探讨。     

可变网格的有限单元分析在边坡稳定计算中的应用

本文在非线性有限单元法的基础上，引进八节点的狭长单元来描述边坡中的滑动面，同时对于有限元单元网格可调节点坐标进行变更形成新的网格，于是利用原有基本网格架，通过多次有限元分析求出边坡中可能滑动面的稳定系数曲线Ｋ＝ｆ（），并进而确定最危险的滑动面，在此基础上开展一系列稳定分析工作。     

Passive seismic response controlled high-rise building with high damping device

This paper describes a feasibility study on a high-damping device (HiDAM) installed in a building structure by way of a bracing mechanism. A seismic response analysis with respect to a high-rise building approximately 100 m high is reported. Proper adjustment of the damping coefficient of the HiDAM (oil damper) provided an over all damping factor of about 10–20 per cent to the building structure, and reductions in the response, deformation and shear forces were verified analytically. This paper reports also the performance confirmation tests conducted on a model device of the HiDAM which satisfied the specifications determined from the analytical results. The test results demonstrate the feasibility of the HiDAM and the possibility of utilizing it in high-rise buildings.     

Field survey of the 1994 Mindoro Island,Philippines tsunami

This is a report of the field survey of the November 15, 1994 Mindoro Island, Philippines, tsunami generated by an earthquake (M=7.0) with a strike-slip motion. We will report runup heights from 54 locations on Luzon, Mindoro and other smaller islands in the Cape Verde passage between Mindoro and Luzon. Most of the damage was concentrated along the northern coast of Mindoro. Runup height distribution ranged 3–4 m at the most severely damaged areas and 2–4 in neighboring areas. The tsunami-affected area was limited to within 10 km of the epicenter. The largest recorded runup value of 7.3 m was measured on the southwestern coast of Baco Island while a runup of 6.1 m was detected on its northern coastline. The earthquake and tsunami killed 62 people, injured 248 and destroyed 800 houses. As observed in other recent tsunami disasters, most of the casualties were children. Nearly all eyewitnesses interviewed described the first wave as a leading-depression wave. Eyewitnesses reported that the main direction of tsunami propagation was SW in Subaang Bay, SE in Wawa and Calapan, NE on Baco Island and N on Verde Island, suggesting that the tsunami source area was in the southern Pass of Verde Island and that the wave propagated rapidly in all directions. The fault plane extended offshore to the N of Mindoro Island, with its rupture originating S of Verde Island and propagating almost directly south to the inland of Mindoro, thereby accounting for the relatively limited damage area observed on the N of Mindoro.     

Eigen oscillation of a fluid sphere and source mechanism of harmonic volcanic tremor

The eigen oscillation of a fluid sphere embedded in an infinite elastic medium is analyzed to understand the source mechanism of volcanic tremor that vibrates nearly monotonically and attenuates slowly. The dimensionless eigen frequencies of the sinusoidal oscillation are calculated in a complex form with the attenuation factor in its imaginary part for various combinations of the three parameters: the contrasts of P-wave velocity, density and rigidity between the fluid and the country rock. Eigen oscillations consist of a high attenuation mode with a rapidly decaying pulsive wave at a low frequency and infinite number of regular modes with slowly decaying vibrations. For regular modes, the frequency of oscillation obtained from the real part of an eigen value is distributed in approximately regular intervals while the attenuation factor from the imaginary part is almost constant independent of the mode. Each eigen frequency of regular and high attenuation modes is degenerated with two independent eigen functions describing different distributions of displacement, velocity and stress. The theory is applied to harmonic volcanic tremor observed at Kusatsu-Shirane Volcano, central Japan. Observed spectral peaks of the tremor are explained by the eigen frequencies and attenuation factors of several lowest regular modes if the spherical fluid oscillator has a radius of dozens of meters and a P-wave velocity of about several hundred meters per second.     

方差分量估计方法在ERS—2卫星精密定轨中的应用

将方差分量估计（VCE）方法应用于ERS－2卫星的精密定轨,用SLR和PRARE资料计算了1998年前3个月的23个长度为5天的弧段（除了调整轨道的时段外,相邻弧段有两天的重叠）,从观测值残差分析和重叠弧段比较两个方面,考察VCE方法对定轨计算的影响,并给出了各组观测值的平均验后均方差,对观测值残差的分析表明,使用VCE方法明显地改善了观测值的拟合程度,但从阿卑（Abbey)标准对观测值残差的检验结果来看,使用VCE方法不能消除轨道中由力学模型和几何模型误差引入的系统差,重叠弧段比较的结果表明：（1）使用VCE方法缩小了重叠弧段的平均距离差,并改善了一部分权段明显不合理的偏离,使最后得到的轨道具有更均匀的精度,（2）相比较而言,VCE方法使相邻弧段靠拢的趋势在轨道切向体现得较为明显,由各组观测值的平均验后方差可见,说单个标准点观测值而言,部分SLR台站的观测资料在定轨计算中占有比其他观测资料更重的地位,纵观全文,使用VCE后得到的观测值的平衡验后均方差来确定资料的双重将比使用均方差更为合理。     

西藏易贡崩塌——滑坡—泥石流的地质地貌与运动学特征

2000年4月9日19时59分18.2秒,在西藏自治区波密县境内易贡乡发生了特大崩塌—滑坡—泥石流。构造上它发生在印度板块阿萨姆楔入角复合地带的西侧,也是高原腹地向东侧山地下降的过渡带,重力作用明显。根据便携式GPS定位仪实地测定和滑坡前后的卫星影像分析,崩塌—滑坡—泥石流堆积物形成了一座长约5.7km、宽约1.5km的“天然大坝”,完全堵塞了易贡藏布河干流,崩塌滑坡体总方量超过3.8×10~8m~3。根据区域地震台网的记录,其振动持续的时间为6min,其中最大振幅的持续时间为2min。震相分析表明有3组较为明显的震相,对应着3次较大的地表振动。计算获得崩塌滚落的平均速度约为48m/s,伴随崩塌滚落的同时,滑坡泥石流的平均滑动速度也达到了16 m/s,比一般泥石流流动速度要大一倍。     

山东五莲七宝山金铜矿控矿因素及找矿方向

五莲七宝山金铜矿床赋存于隐爆角砾岩筒中 ,与次火山岩关系密切。火山机构受NE ,NW向断裂联合控制。根据隐爆角砾岩筒的地质标志 ,结合对物、化、遥等资料的综合分析认为七宝山地区还有较好的找矿前景