The characteristics and sources of natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin

The Central Gas Field is a famous large-sized gas field in the Ordos Basin of China. However, identification of main gas sources of the Ordovician reservoirs in this gas field remains puzzling. On the basis of a lot of geochemical data and geological research on natural gases, the characteristics and sources of natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin were studied. The results indicated that natural gases from Ordovician weathered crust reservoirs in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin have similar chemical and isotopic compositions to highly mature and over-mature dry gases. Both coal-derived gases and oil-type gases coexist in the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin. The former was derived mainly from Carboniferous-Permian coal measures and the latter from Lower Paleozoic marine carbonates. It is suggested that coal-derived gases occur in the eastern part of the Central Gas Field while oil-type gases may be produced mainly in the northern, western and southern parts of the Central Gas Field in the Ordos Basin.     

The Role of Fracture Structure in Leachate Pollution at Landfills: A Case Study of a Landfill in Chongqing City

This paper studies a landfill where there are three faults running through. As serious pollution has occurred to the geological environment, the landfill is to be closed up and renovated. The paper aims to explore the role of fracture structure in leachate pollution at the landfill. The research was carried out in several stages. First, mathematical models of the pre-renovation landfill with three faults running through and the landfill after renovation were established. And then, the boundary conditions and parameters of the two mathematical models were determined. The groundwater level of the landfills was simulated in order to modify the two mathematical models. As a result, a feasible mathematical model was achieved. Based on this model, a comparison was made of the COD concentration variations in the inside leachate and outside leachate between the two landfills. Accordingly, the impacts of the fracture structure on the pollution of leachate at the landfills could be identified. The study results show that while faults contribute to the migration of ieachate, they also serve as a confluence of leachate, thus further deteriorating the environment. The COD concentrations of the inside leachate and the outside leachate of the pre-renovation landfill are respectively 800 mg/L and 220 mg/L higher than those of the post-renovation landfill. Therefore, measures must be taken to handle the ieachate seepage in areas where there are faults as well as the neighboring areas so as to get the environmental pollution under control.     

多道瑞利波在矿井独头巷道超前探中的应用

瑞利波超前探测作为一种新的矿井地球物理探测方法,具有简便、快速、经济、分辨率高、适用场地小、应用范围广等优点。介绍了瑞利波探测技术原理,并将其用于煤矿井下独头巷道大距离超前探测中。实例表明,探测距离达80 m以上,条件允许时可达100 m以上。     

基于小波变换的全色和多光谱遥感图像融合

基于多分辨率小波变换,针对高分辨率全色图像和多光谱图像的融合,提出了一种基于方向可调滤波器的区域能量测量的小波变换融合算法.将此方法与HIS和传统小波的融合方法比较,结果表明,该方法在保留多光谱图像光谱信息的同时,能够更好地保留高分辨率图像的空间信息,融合效果有较大改善.     

地电化学法寻找隐伏金矿的应用研究

通过对金的地电化学成晕机制的研究,利用地电化学法在东北大兴安岭森林覆盖区虎拉林金矿和澳大利亚第四纪厚层覆盖区Challenger金矿进行可行性找矿试验研究。试验结果在上述已知矿区的剖面上均测出了清晰的地电化学异常,表明利用地电化学法在上述地区寻找的隐伏金矿是有效的。在此基础上对两矿区外围及深部进行了找矿预测,发现4个有利的成矿靶区,经工程验证发现2个金矿体,取得了良好的经济和社会经济效益。     

广东省五华县地质灾害形成特征及防治对策

五华县主要地质灾害类型有滑坡、崩塌、地面塌陷、水土流失等。其中以滑坡、崩塌为主,多分布在东南、南部花岗岩区、北部花岗岩风化土区等广大中低山及丘陵区,具有点多面广,灾害点个体规模小,稳定性差,活动频繁,地质灾害发育呈明显的地域性与季节性分布等特点。五华县地质灾害的形成与发生是多种致灾因素相互作用的结果。地层岩性是其形成的内在要素,它在一定程度上决定着地质灾害的发育程度与类型;地形地貌与植被是地质灾害形成的外在条件,它制约着崩、滑、塌等致灾地质作用的形成;大气降雨是地质灾害形成与发生的激发因素,决定着地质灾害发生的速度和时间;人类工程活动是影响地质灾害形成与发生的最主要、最直接的因素。对地质灾害的防治应采用避让、预防、监测及治理措施,做到避让与治理结合,以群测群防为基本手段,点状灾害以工程治理与生物防治为主;面状灾害以生物防治为主;采用点、面结合综合治理的方法。     

土壤吸湿-湿过程中水力传导度的拟合研究

非饱和含水介质在吸湿和脱湿的不同过程中,水力传导度随介质含水率的变化规律是不同的。本文选取大沽河流域两种代表性砂土,对其吸湿-脱湿两个过程分别进行试验观测,并使用VanGenuchten—Mualem模型对其吸湿-脱湿过程进行水力传导度的拟合。研究结果表明：砂土在吸湿过程的非饱和水力传导度与脱湿过程的非饱和水力传导度大小并不相同,在含水率相同的情况下,吸湿过程的水力传导度要比脱湿过程大,在含水率较低时（小于15％）相差可达1个数量级。     

云南潞西大矿山铅锌矿

矿体产于花岗岩以上断层附近大理岩中,大理岩与花岗岩接触部位是主要的矿化部位,在大矿山、小石林、灰窑等地见有强褐铁矿化、弱铅锌矿化的厚大矿化层。通过勘查工作,认为矿区具有寻找中-大型规模矿山的前景。     

珲春中部土壤常量元素地球化学特征

采用XRF-X荧光光谱法,研究了吉林省珲春中部常量元素在表层土壤中的含量以及在土壤剖面中的迁移分布等土壤地球化学特征.结果表明:表层土壤中MgO(0.85%)、CaO(0.95%)的含量平均值低于全国土壤平均值(分别为1.8%和3.2%),Fe2O3(3.41%)、K2O(2.61%)、Al2O3(13.33%)、SiO2(69.25%)含量平均值与全国平均值基本相当(分别为3.40%,2.50%,12.60%和65.00%),Na2O(1.83%)含量平均值高于全国平均值(1.60%).暗棕壤和白浆土两种类型土壤剖面常量元素组成差别不大,在垂向上呈现出不同的规律性.Sa、Saf和ba指标反映出暗棕壤土壤的风化淋溶度略强于白浆土,在剖面不同层次上,随土壤深度的增加,Sa和Saf呈现下降的趋势,而表层土壤的ba值比深层土壤高.     

基于信息熵的遥感分类最优空间尺度选择方法

以影像分类为例,从类别可分性的角度提出了基于信息熵的最优空间尺度选择方法.实验结果表明,基于信息熵的最优尺度选择方法的结果有很好的合理性,符合实际的分类结果,能够在一定程度上指导实际遥感分类中的空间尺度选择.