CCD相机二维几何检校

CCD 相机检校是 CCD输入影象处理的一个必不可少的过程。本文对 CCD成象系统的几何性能进行了分析,提出了测定 CCD影象象素比例因子和象主点初值的简易实验方法。在此基础上,构造了一种同时顾及光、电误差的二维检校方法,井进行了相机检校实验。最后对检校结果进行了分析和讨论。     

Geochemistry of dissolved and particulate elements in the major rivers of China (The Huanghe,Changjiang, and Zhunjiang rivers)

The relationship between the geochemistry of dissolved and particulate materials and geographic conditions was investigated. Samples of water and suspended particulate matter were collected from five locations in three of the major rivers of China (the Huanghe, Changjiang, and Zhunjiang rivers). Because these rivers generally flow parallel to latitudes and flow through diverse geologic and climate zones, they provide excellent opportunities for comparisons of solute transport. The geochemistry of these rivers is influenced strongly by climate. The low discharge of the Huanghe River influences the character of the major ionic materials (Cl^?+SO₄ ^2? and Na⁺+K⁺) as well as the high degree of mineralization within the system. Dissolved concentrations of both major ions and trace elements are lower in the southern reaches of the rivers. The highly mobile ions, such as, Na⁺ and Ca²⁺, are depleted from the suspended particulate material in the southern regions, while the relatively immobile ions of Al, Fe, Ti, Mn, and trace metals are concentrated within the suspended mateiral. The relative mobility of some elements as measured by the Dissolved Transport Index (DTI) changes with climate. The geology of the area drained by the rivers has a major influence on the geochemistry in areas of similar climate. Lowest leaching rates in the southern climates occur in areas dominated by granite, which is resistant to weathering. The composition of both cations and anions among the three tributaries of the Zhujiang River are dependent on the rocks that dominate each eregion. Some particulate forms of the rare earth elements are present in the highest concentrations in regions dominated by granite. The DTI calculated for the major rivers in China are much smaller than those computed for other major rivers of the world. The low concentration of heavy metals in the particulate material suggests that pollution in the rivers of China is less serious than in rivers of other industrialized countries.     

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF CYCLONE TRACKS IN WESTERN ANTARCTIC REGION

The paper shows the statistical analysis of cyclone tracks that have influence on the western Antarcticregion.Based on the conditions of cyclone movement and its impact upon the weather,cyclone tracks areclassified into three categories,i.e.,the track moving towards the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula,southern track,and northern track.Moreover,in this paper,the frequency distributions of cyclone tracks,the major tracks with higherfrequencies,the original region of Antarctic cyclones and the seasonal features of Antarctic cyclones have beenanalyzed.The results show that there are higher cyclogeneses in summer,whereas relatively fewer cycloge-neses in winter,and cyclone numbers in transitional seasons are close to the climatological average.Theanalysis also shows that the moving velocity of Antarctic cyclone is about the same in winter and summer.It obviously speed up during the transitional season.     

Formation of Strata—bound Ore Deposits in China：Studies on Fluid Inclusions

Fluid inclusion studies were made on the basis of the geological data on the strata-bound ore de-posits of China including those of Pb,Zn,Au,Ag,Sb,U,Hg,W,quartz-crystal and sparry-calcite.An attempt was made to approach the model of formation for each type of ore depos-its by considering the material sources,the migration of fluids and the conditions of mineralization.It is found that ore-forming fluids (especially H2O)originate as heated underground water reacts with the wallrocks and dissolves Na^ ,Ca^2 ,K^ ,Cl^ ,HCl^- and Mg^2 .The ore fluids are mainly of NaCl-Ca-HCO3-H2O system with salinities ranging from 4to 14wt.%.NaCl equivalent and densities ranging from 0.9 to 1.0g/cm^3.It may be concluded that the deposits were formed at temperatures ranging from 150 to 250℃ under pressures from 300 to 1000 bars.Ore deposition may have been controlled by temperature and pressure or by the mixing among different fluids.     

离子色谱—双电导法同时测定水样中多种阴离子的研究

本文在Dionex2020i离子色谱仪上,选用0.61×10~(-3)mol/L NaHCO_3-1.61×10~(-3)mol/LNa_2CO_3水溶液作淋洗液,在HPIC-AS4A阴离子分离柱上分离痕量F~-、NO_2~-、Br~-和较高浓度的Cl~-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-);选用2.0×10~(-3)mol/L TBAOH-6％CH_3CN水溶液作淋洗液,在MPIC-NS1分离柱上分离痕量F~-、Br~-和较高浓度的Cl~-,然后用串联双电导检测器的不同输出范围分别同时定量测定。本法特别适用于相邻两种离子浓度相差较大,前面高含量的离子对后面痕量离子测定有干扰的样品。用本文拟定的HPIC方法测定除铬后的地下水样中多种阴离子的结果与文献值吻合。     

固液两相流体中的空泡振荡计算

本文导出了固液两相流体中球空泡的振荡方程,并用数值方法讨论了固体颗粒对它泡运动及泡壁压强的影响,得到了固相浓度、颗粒尺寸等因素与空泡运动之间的定性关系。在分析过程中,考虑了液体与颗粒之间力的双向耦合作用。     

斜压大气中尺度扰动的有限振幅对称不稳定

本文通过一个非地转、非静力的Eady模式讨论了斜压粘性流中的非线性对称不稳定。采用具有常值水平和垂直切变的基本场,考虑扰动沿基本气流方向不变,应用摄动方法,得到了非线性情况下扰动振幅的特性方程。结果表明,当δ>0时(δ是进行稳定性分析时所选取的无量纲小参数),振幅|A(T)|存在两个有意义的平衡点|A|_(b1)=0和|A|_(b2)=(-μ_2/μ_1)~(1/2)(μ_1,μ_2是和流体性质、区域大小以及波参数有关的量),|A|_(b1)为不稳定平衡点,|A|_(b2)为稳定平衡点。因此,不论初态如何,终态都趋于稳定平衡点,出现有限振幅现象。当δ<0时,振幅|A(T)|仅有一个有意义的平衡点|A|_(b1)=0,且为稳定平衡点。线性分析所得结果为非线性结果的特例。     

赤道地区向西传播的40天周期低频波

本文用滤波和EOF位相合成技术对1981年7—12月份赤道地区出现的向西传播的40天周期低频波进行了分析。结果认为东太平洋地区从南半球到北半球的越赤道40天周期温度波是产生这种西传波的主要原因。这种波动主要产生于两个源地:一个是赤道150°E附近的对流层下层;另一个是110°W的赤道对流层上层。这两处产生的低频波性质不一样,前者与对流密切相关。通过计算整层积分的非绝热加热Q_1和水汽汇Q_2,结果表明Q_1加热中心在东太平洋也有越赤道传播。在150°E以西Q_2加热中心是向西北传播的,与低频波方向一致,Q_1的传播特征不明显,这说明西太平洋地区的热带对流可能有这种周期振荡。     

垂向电导度的测量及在水位异常判别中的作用

为剖析咸水进水位异常，我们对位于唐山地震区附近的双桥１号井，双桥２号井及东台子井进行了多次井内垂向电导度的测量。在１９９１年１０月５日宁河ＭＬ４．６级地震及１９９２年７月２２日宁河ＭＬ４．９级地震前井下水电导度特别是含水层部位水电导度都曾出现过高值异常，这对于判别不异常是由于咸水层压力变化还是外来水的侵入是一种行之有效的简便的监测方法。