辽宁省2010-2019年海水养殖贝藻类碳汇能力评估

为减缓全球变暖趋势,海洋碳汇逐渐进入人们的视野,在此基础上我国提出了碳汇渔业的发展理念,可直接或间接实现降低大气中CO2浓度。本研究以辽宁省海水养殖贝藻类主要品种（海带、裙带菜、牡蛎、贻贝、扇贝、蛤、蛏和蚶）为碳汇研究对象,依据《中国渔业统计年鉴》中2010—2019年辽宁省海水养殖贝藻类碳汇的相关数据对辽宁贝藻海洋碳汇能力进行了定量评估。结果表明,辽宁省通过养殖海藻和贝类的方式,10年间总计碳移出量约为26773万t,相当于减排了98257万t CO2。有效地证明了海水养殖贝藻类碳汇具有巨大的生态效益,也对辽宁渔业发展有着很可观的经济效益,同时对我国达成碳达峰和碳中和目标具有一定程度的推动性。     

加味痛泻要方联合穴位埋线治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征30例

目的：探讨加味痛泻要方联合穴位埋线治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征（IBS-D）肝郁脾虚证的临床疗效。方法：将60 例IBS-D患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各30 例。治疗组予加味痛泻要方联合穴位埋线治疗,对照组予马来酸曲美布汀片治疗,治疗4周后比较2组患者的临床疗效及治疗前后中医证候积分、肠易激综合征症状严重程度量表（IBS-SSS）评分、肠易激综合征生活质量量表（IBS-QOL）评分、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA) 及汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评分变化,检测2组患者治疗前后5-羟色胺（5-HT）、P物质（SP）、血管活性肠肽（VIP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-8（IL-8）及肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α） 水平,以及不良反应发生率和复发率。结果：总有效率治疗组为93.33%（28/30）,对照组为63.33%（19/30）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗后2组患者中医证候积分,IBS-SSS、HAMA、HAMD评分均低于本组治疗前,IBS-QOL评分高于本组治疗前,且治疗组的改善程度更优（P＜0.05）。治疗后2组患者5-HT、SP、VIP、IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α 水平低于本组治疗前,且治疗后治疗组低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗过程中,不良反应发生率治疗组为6.67%（2/30）,对照组为3.33%（1/30）,2组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。停药4周后对2组有效患者进行随访,治疗组的复发率为14.29%（4/28）,低于对照组的42.11%（8/19）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：加味痛泻要方联合穴位埋线治疗IBS-D疗效确切,能够显著改善患者临床症状,缓解焦虑、抑郁状态,降低脑肠肽及炎性因子水平,且未见明显不良反应,值得临床推广。     

基于HPLC特征图谱及主要成分含量测定等方法对不同产地甘草进行质量评价

目的：对不同产地的甘草进行全面质量研究,建立甘草药材的高效液相指纹图谱质量控制方法。方法：对30批来自新疆、内蒙古、甘肃及宁夏4个地区的甘草进行显微及薄层鉴别,并进行水分、总灰分、酸不溶性灰分及甘草苷、甘草酸含量测定,建立高效液相色谱指纹图谱的方法对其中21批质量合格的甘草进行质量评价。结果：30批不同产地的甘草药材鉴别及检查结果均合格,甘草酸含量均符合《中华人民共和国药典·一部》规定,有7批药材甘草苷含量不合格。指纹图谱共标定了14个共有峰,对其中3个共有峰进行了指认,21批甘草中仅4批相似度低于0.85。结论：不同产地甘草中甘草苷、甘草酸含量差异较大,宁夏及内蒙古产地甘草有效成分平均含量优于新疆与甘肃产甘草。本研究建立的甘草药材的高效液相指纹图谱质量控制方法能对不同产地甘草进行全面整体的质量评价。     

面向治理的地理学发展刍议

“四个面向”（面向世界科技前沿、面向经济主战场、面向国家重大需求、面向人民生命健康）已成为新时代中国科学发展的指针。治理是一个反映“四个面向”的国际前沿研究领域,也是地理学和其他学科研究的焦点。围绕地理学如何应对治理这一关键问题,基于人地耦合的理念,系统梳理国内外地理学进行治理研究的轨迹与特点,从价值、思想、方法、技术4个维度发掘面向治理的地理学发展路径,紧密联系地理学发展动态及治理现代化的实践,从基础研究、平台建设、人才培育3个方面提出发展策略。提升中国地理学在国际治理研究中的影响力,促进地理学与其他学科的交叉融合,将自然与人文有机结合的理念应用于社会治理,增进居民福祉,并服务国家战略和区域可持续发展。     

阿拉善地区土壤盐渍化的遥感反演及分布特征

土壤盐渍化是威胁干旱区土地的重要环境问题。利用遥感技术对土壤盐渍化进行动态监测,分析土壤盐度水平与空间分布,有利于掌握土壤盐渍化现状,为土地资源可持续利用提供理论依据。现有研究多在田间尺度,随着土壤环境问题涉及的范围越来越大,区域斑块信息的提取已无法满足宏观地模拟和展示整体土壤环境的空间分布。以阿拉善地区为例,结合遥感光谱指数与实测土壤盐分数据,运用偏最小二乘回归（PLSR）方法,构建区域尺度范围的土壤盐渍化反演模型,实现大面积地区土壤盐度的精准模拟和定量监测。结果表明,构建的模型验证精度达到0.8788,达到极显著水平,预测结果与实际情况相符,可以较准确地模拟研究区土壤盐渍化状况。受地形、气候、景观类型、农业活动以及土地管理等因素的综合影响,阿拉善地区约20%的区域土壤呈现出不同程度的盐渍化,其中黑河下游河岸带、雅布赖山西侧及贺兰山西侧冲积扇土壤盐渍化程度最为严重。本研究可为大面积区域土壤盐分状况的快速监测及遥感定量反演提供可行的方法,同时为该区域不同程度盐渍化土壤的治理和土地利用管理提供依据。     

山东省油页岩资源特征及开发利用前景

随着石油资源可用量的不断减少,页岩气、油页岩、油砂与稠油作为一种新能源,近年来备受人们的重视。山东省存在着丰富的油页岩资源。近年来笔者通过收集前人相关资料、野外地质填图、钻探编录、典型矿区考察、关键样品化验分析等手段对其进行了初步研究,初步认识了山东地区油页岩的资源特征及其形成环境,对未来山东地区油页岩矿的预测及潜力的评价具有一定的指导与借鉴作用。     

The Value of Practice-Based Knowledge

Increasing recognition of the value of practice-based or experiential knowledge in natural resource management justifies the creation of a new category of articles in Society & Natural Resources that we are calling Practice-Based Knowledge (PBK). The rationale for focusing on PBK is due to its key role in the emergence of hybrid governance institutions across state, market, and civil society, understanding the complexity of dynamic socioecological systems, recognizing the challenges of multiple knowledge systems and context-specific practices, embracing the power of informal institutions and civic science, and engaging debates on the growing prevalence of market-oriented conservation. The goal is to provide a dedicated space within the published, peer-reviewed literature for scholars, government officials, nonprofit managers, and engaged citizens to share experiences informed by practical action. Relevant and timely practice-based insights may improve understanding and management of social and ecological processes and systems, while also offering the potential to contribute to theory.     

浅基础地基荷载-变形特性的分析研究

在土体主应力方向的旋转过程中,主应力方向与塑性主应变增量方向之间存在着非共轴现象,非共轴现象对应力-应变关系具有显著的影响。通过有限元二次开发,将角点结构非共轴理论应用到有限元程序ABAQUS中;对密砂单剪试验进行数值模拟,研究了非共轴现象及其对应力-应变关系的影响;采用离心模型试验方法,对圆形浅基础作用下饱和密砂地基荷载-变形特性进行试验研究;对离心模型试验进行数值模拟,将试验结果与数值计算结果进行对比,对非共轴模型的计算结果的合理性进行验证。研究结果表明:非共轴现象对浅基础地基荷载-变形特性具有显著的影响;当选取合理的非共轴塑性模量时,非共轴模型的计算结果与离心模型试验结果比较接近。     

Effect of copper on the growth of shrimps Litopenaeus vannamei: water parameters and copper budget in a recirculating system

Shrimps( Litopenaeus vannamei) were intensively cultured in a recirculating aquaculture system for 98 days to investigate effects of 0.3 mg/L Cu on its performance, Cu budget, and Cu distribution. Shrimps in Cu-treated systems had greater mean final weight(11.10 vs 10.50 g), body length(107.23 vs 106.42 mm), survival rate(67.80% vs 66.40%), and yield(6.42 vs 5.99 kg/m 3), and lower feed conversion ratio(1.20 vs 1.29) than those in control systems but the differences were not significant. Vibrio numbers remained stable(10 4 –10 6 colony forming units/mL) in the rearing tanks of both control and treated systems. Total ammonium-N, nitrite-N, nitrate-N, pH, chemical oxygen demand, 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand, and total suspended solids were similar in controls and treatments. Dissolved Cu concentration in the treated systems decreased from 0.284 to 0.089 mg/L while in the control systems it increased from 0.006 2 to 0.018 mg/L. The main sources of Cu in the treated systems were the artificially added component(75.7% of total input), shrimp feed(21.0%), water(2.06%), and shrimp biomass(1.22%). The major outputs of Cu occurred via the mechanical filter(41.7%), water renewal(15.6%), and draining of the sediment trap(15.1%). The foam fractionator removed only 0.69% of total Cu input. Harvested shrimp biomass accounted for 11.68% of Cu input. The Cu concentration of shrimps in the Cu-treated systems(30.70 mg/kg wet weight) was significantly higher than that in control systems(22.02 mg/kg). Both were below the maximum permissible concentration(50 mg/kg) for Cu in seafood for human consumption in China. Therefore, recirculating systems can be used for commercial on-growing of Litopenaeus vannamei without loss of shrimp quality, even in water polluted by 0.30 mg/L Cu. The mechanical filter is the main route for Cu removal.     

Characterizing landscape spatial heterogeneity in multisensor images with variogram models

Most evaluation of the consistency of multisensor images have focused on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI） products for natural landscapes, often neglecting less vegetated urban landscapes. This gap has been filled through quantifying and evaluating spatial heterogeneity of urban and natural landscapes from QuickBird, Satellite pour l＇observation de la Terre （SPOT）, Ad- vanced Spacebome Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer （ASTER） and Landsat Thematic Mapper （TM） images with variogram analysis. Instead of a logarithmic relationship with pixel size observed in the corresponding aggregated images, the spatial variability decayed and the spatial structures decomposed more slowly and complexly with spatial resolution for real multisensor im- ages. As the spatial resolution increased, the proportion of spatial variability of the smaller spatial structure decreased quickly and only a larger spatial structure was observed at very coarse scales. Compared with visible band, greater spatial variability was observed in near infrared band for both densely and less densely vegetated landscapes. The influence of image size on spatial heterogeneity was highly dependent on whether the empirical sernivariogram reached its sill within the original image size. When the empirical semivariogram did not reach its sill at the original observation scale, spatial variability and mean characteristic length scale would increase with image size; otherwise they might decrease. This study could provide new insights into the knowledge of spatial heterogeneity in real multisen- sor images with consideration of their nominal spatial resolution, image size and spectral bands.