Research on Formation Mechanisms of Hot Dry Rock Resources in China

As an important geothermal resource, hot dry rock(HDR) reserves have been studied in many countries. HDR resources in China have huge capacity and have become one of the most important resources for the potential replacement of fossil fuels. However, HDR resources are difficult to develop and utilise. Technologies for use with HDR, such as high–temperature drilling, reservoir characterisation, reservoir fracturing, microseismic monitoring and high–temperature power stations, originate from the field of oil and drilling. Addressing how to take advantage of these developed technologies is a key factor in the development of HDR reserves. Based on the thermal crustal structure in China, HDR resources can be divided into four types: high radioactive heat production, sedimentary basin, modern volcano and the inner–plate active tectonic belt. The prospective regions of HDR resources are located in South Tibet, West Yunnan, the southeast coast of China, Bohai Rim, Songliao Basin and Guanzhong Basin. The related essential technologies are relatively mature, and the prospect of HDR power generation is promising. Therefore, analysing the formation mechanisms of HDR resources and promoting the transformation of technological achievements, large–scale development and the utilisation of HDR resources can be achieved in China.     

Triterpenols as Proxies for Tracking the Mangrove Evolution in China

正Objective Located at the interface of terrestrial and marine ecosystems,mangroves are particularly sensitive to environmental changes.They provide a sedimentary sink for organic carbon,whereby core samples could provide detailed records of mangrove evolution.Human induced,rapid environmental changes in recent years require a better understanding of the mangrove ecosystems evolution in the past,by reconstructing the past mangrove     

Laboratory Simulation of the Formation Process of Surface Geochemical Anomalies Applied to Hydrocarbon Exploration

The formation mechanisms and processes of geochemical anomalies used as proxies in surface geochemistry exploration (SGE) have not been well understood. Previous studies cannot realize 3D measurement of microseeping hydrocarbons from reservoirs to the surface, which made it difficult to understand the features and pathways of deep hydrocarbon microseepages. Understanding the processes of hydrocarbon microseepages will contribute to the acceptance and effectiveness of surface geochemistry. Based on a simplified geological model of hydrocarbon microseepages, including hydrocarbon reservoir, direct caprock, overlying strata and Quaternary sediments, this work established a 3D experimental system to simulate the mechanisms and processes of deep hydrocarbon microseepes extending to the surface. The dispersive halos of microseeping hydrocarbons in the subsurface were adequately described by using this 3D experimental system. Results indicate that different migration patterns of hydrocarbons above the point gas source within the simulated caprock and overlying strata can be reflected by the ratio of i-butane to n-butane (i-C4/n-C4), which follow diffusion and infiltration (buoyancy) mechanisms. This is not the case for vertical measurement lines far from the point gas source. A vertical gas flow in the form of a plume was found during hydrocarbon microseepage. For sampling methods, the high-density grid sampling is favorable for delineating prospecting targets. Hydrocarbon infiltration or buoyancy flow occurs in the zones of infiltration clusters, coupling with a diffusion mechanism at the top of the water table and forming surface geochemical anomalies. These results are significant in understanding hydrocarbon microseepage and interpreting SGE data.     

淤泥质海岸入海河口闸下港道河相关系

以江苏沿海北部的射阳河闸下港道为原型,建立二维水动力及泥沙输运概化数学模型,模拟了淤泥质海岸闸下港道淤积过程。分别在不考虑径流年内分配变化和考虑径流年内分配变化的情况下,研究了入海径流对港道内水沙动力和冲淤演变的影响。参考前人研究成果,结合量纲和谐准则,根据模型的计算结果,建立了淤泥质海岸闸下港道年均平衡流量与汛期排水比例、河床断面积、外海潮差、潮波变形、港道长度等因素间的河相关系式,对在实际情况中达到动态冲淤平衡的某条特定港道,可简化为港道年均流量与河床断面积间关系式的简化形式,并通过分析实测资料,对公式的简化形式加以佐证。     

耦合长期预报的跨流域引水受水水库调度模型

为提高跨流域引水工程受水水库引水有效性,研究了耦合长期径流预报信息的跨流域引水受水水库调度模型。首先选取汛期径流预报信息,采用径流预报概率修正先验概率来描述径流的不确定性,建立了贝叶斯随机动态规划模型(BSDP-LTF)。然后将模型应用于碧流河水库,并与仅考虑径流相关的随机动态规划模型(SDP-I)、仅考虑长期预报信息的随机动态规划模型(SDP-LTF)进行比较。比较结果得出在供水保证率基本一致且不增加调度风险的情况下,BSDP-LTF模型相比SDP-I、SDP-LTF模型,可分别减少引水8.2%、4.1%。表明贝叶斯随机动态规划模型BSDP-LTF有效改进了径流描述,提高了跨流域引水的有效性。     

基于重力全张量数据的Parker-Oldenburg算法研究

相比重力数据,重力张量数据通常包含更多的异常信息。本文根据重力数据与重力张量数据的关系,利用位场转化技术,将重力张量数据应用于传统的Parker-Oldenburg密度界面反演算法中。通过模型试验,证明了在网格间距较大或者数据存在一定噪音时,使用本文算法进行反演能得到更好的效果。实验结果说明利用重力张量数据可以有效地提高密度界面反演的分辨率。     

黔北务川—沿河萤石（重晶石）矿床界面控矿特征及其找矿意义

黔北务川—沿河地区是贵州重要的萤石矿产基地,矿床(点)分布密集,显示该地区有较好的萤石(重晶石)找矿潜力。调查显示该区萤石(重晶石)矿的产出明显受北西向节理的控制,并主要赋存在奥陶系桐梓组、红花园组灰岩中,表现为既受北西向节理面的控制、也受湄潭组页岩的明显封盖影响,具有明显的Si/Ca界面控矿的特征。根据界面控矿对该地区萤石矿的控制特征,在隐伏区北西向节理和湄潭组页岩之下,在有利的构造虚脱空间内,是寻找大规模萤石矿床的有利位置。     

同步辐射软X射线吸收谱与发射谱测定天然针铁矿能带结构

天然半导体矿物由于成分、缺陷复杂,传统测试方法如紫外可见漫反射等难以准确测定其禁带宽度.本文以针铁矿为例,通过第一性原理计算得到纯针铁矿及掺Al针铁矿的电子结构.计算结果显示,纯针铁矿导带底与价带顶均由Fe3d与O2p轨道组成,而当含杂质Al时,Al2p与O2p发生杂化参与了价带组成.在此基础上,利用同步辐射X射线氧的K边吸收谱与发射谱对纯针铁矿及天然针铁矿的能带结构进行了测定.结果表明,天然含Al的针铁矿禁带宽度为2.30eV,小于纯针铁矿(2.57eV).本研究提供了一种测定天然氧化物矿物禁带宽度的新方法,为深入研究天然半导体可见光催化活性产生机制提供了理论依据.     

西藏冈底斯尼木后碰撞花岗岩的岩浆混合作用:显微结构证据

岩浆混合过程中不同熔体之间的相互作用会影响晶体的成核与生长,形成矿物内部复杂的成分变化,以及矿物之间的不平衡结构。尼木二长花岗岩位于冈底斯岩浆岩带中部,是代表性的形成于后碰撞构造演化时期的花岗岩体。本文对其中的斜长石与角闪石颗粒进行了详细的结构和成分分析,揭示了斜长石中的港湾状、浑圆状、筛孔状熔蚀结构以及斜长石成分的突然变化和角闪石包裹黑云母的不平衡结构,并探讨了它们的成因以及相关的岩浆混合作用。分析结果显示,斜长石中突变环带的An含量为37.6~40.6,熔蚀环带的An含量为48.2~59.5,均高于两侧斜长石的An含量(18.4~26.4),表明在形成这些结构时有外来基性岩浆的混合使得岩浆成分发生了突变。样品中的部分黑云母被自形的角闪石包裹,黑云母呈浑圆状并且具有港湾状的熔蚀边,这可能是基性岩浆的混合作用使得岩浆的温度升高导致黑云母发生部分熔融,混合后的岩浆在黑云母周围继续结晶形成角闪石。这些显微结构为揭示冈底斯岩浆岩带的岩浆混合作用提供了新证据。     

长江南京潮水位站近百年高潮位变化特征及成因分析

为研究南京站多年来年最高潮位的变化特征,根据水文变异综合诊断方法,分析检验了长江南京站近百年高潮潮位变化的整体趋势;利用db N系列小波变换分析了年高潮潮位变化的局部趋势;利用复数Morlet小波分析了年最高潮位的周期变化规律。分析结果表明,南京站年最高潮位序列总体上无明显趋势变化,局部变化趋势明显;年最高潮位存在5a、11a、42a和63a时间尺度四个主要变化周期。分析结果为认识南京站年最高潮位变化、做好水安全工作以及水资源的开发利用提供相关依据。