The complex nonlinear systems with fractal as well as chaotic dynamics of annual runoff processes in the three headwaters of the Tarim River

This paper attempted to identify fractal and chaotic characteristics of the annual runoff processes in headwaters of the Tarim River. Methods of fractal analyses were used to explore several aspects of the temporal changes from 1957 to 2002. The main findings are as follows: (1) The annual runoff processes of the three headwaters of the Tarim River are complex nonlinear systems with fractal as well as chaotic dynamics. (2) The correlation dimensions of attractor derived from the time series of the annual runoff for the Hotan, Yarkand and Aksu rivers are all greater than 3.0 and non-integral, implying that all three rivers are chaotic dynamical systems that are sensitive to initial conditions, and the dynamic modeling of their annual runoff process requires at least four independent variables. (3) The time series of annual runoff in each river presents a long-term correlation characteristic. The Hurst exponent for the period of 1989 to 2002 suggests that we may expect to see an increasing trend in the annual runoff of the Aksu and Yarkand rivers in the years after 2002, but a decreasing tendency for the Hotan River in the same period.     

地物化综合方法在新疆阿拉套山南缘化探异常查证中的应用

阿拉套山南缘查干昆得位于中哈边界地区的阿拉套W-Sn-Cu-Au-Pb-Zn矿带的中段,1∶5万化探异常面积较大、强度较高、浓集中心较明显,具有较好的成矿地球化学条件。通过路线地质调查、地物化综合剖面测量及槽探工程揭露等综合勘查手段,发现在花岗岩与砂岩的内接触带上,花岗岩具显著的云英岩化,局部具黄铁矿化、电气石化、褐铁矿化、钠长石化等蚀变特征,易形成高温热液云英岩型锡、铷、钨矿床,成矿潜力较大。工作表明地物化综合勘查方法能够对元素异常及矿化蚀变进行快速识别,并实现了对异常区资源潜力的快速评价,对区域找矿工作具有一定的借鉴意义。     

塔中春季水平能见度变化及影响因子分析

利用2004、2005年3月至5月塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中气象站的能见度仪自动监测资料,气温、气压、风速、相对湿度等地面气象常规沙尘观测记录以及PM10自动监测仪观测资料,分析了塔中水平能见度变化特征以及与气象因子、PM10的相关关系,气象因子与PM10对水平能见度有一定的制约关系,但并非简单的线形关系,不同时段,不同天气条件下,各因素的作用不同。     

近十五年国内外城乡互动发展研究述评

城乡互动发展是通过资本、劳动力、物质、信息等社会经济要素在城乡空间的双向流动而 形成的一种空间关联的地域关系。在构建社会主义新农村与和谐社会的进程中, 开展城乡互动发 展的理论和实证研究, 有利于拓宽地理学的研究体系, 为新一轮的区域规划和城乡规划提供新的 研究架构; 有利于城市和乡村的共同发展和区域空间结构的整体优化。文章从内涵、内在机理和 驱动因素、模式、实现途径等方面总结了近十五年来国内外学者对城乡互动发展研究的主要成 果, 指出当前的研究大多倾向于定性化和静态层面的研究, 定量化研究和不同时空尺度的动态研 究还较为欠缺。因此, 加强城乡互动发展内在机理的系统解读、加强城乡互动发展时空演变机制 和规律的研究、深入开展我国不同类型区域城乡互动发展的模式和优化对策的研究将是该领域 亟待深入探讨的几大问题。     

山洪泥石流风险评估与风险管理理论与方法

针对山洪灾害防治研究工作中只关注暴雨-洪水的作用,忽视泥沙淤积导致的洪水-泥沙耦合致灾的问题,重建考虑松散固体物源储量空间异质性的影响因子体系,面向山区小流域复杂下垫面环境进行敏感性分析,利用地理信息空间分析、多重共线性检验计算影响因子贡献度指标,通过不同类型的贡献度-集成学习耦合算法对阿坝州5250条小流域山洪水沙灾害易发度进行识别,构建基于数据驱动的山区暴雨山洪水沙灾害早期识别方法。结果表明：山洪水沙灾害在空间上表现出一定的聚集性,影响因子特定区间对于灾害发生具有更高敏感性,部分影响因子对于灾害发生的敏感性规律具有相似性。阿坝州东部、中南部部分地区以及西北部少部分地区为高易发区,与固体物源累积高频区较为接近,洪水-泥沙耦合致灾概率相对较大,较低和低易发区主要分布在阿坝州西部和西南部地区,与固体物源累积高频区重叠度较小,洪水在致灾过程中起主导作用可能性相对较大。相对于山洪风险调查评估研究结果,基于数据驱动的山洪水沙灾害易发性早期识别结果的高易发区灾害密度更大,高风险覆盖度提高23.2—45.4个百分点。

     

近30a来长江源区沙漠化时空演变过程及成因分析

通过遥感与地理信息系统技术对1975-2005年长江源区沙漠化发展状况进行了监测,监测结果显示:长江源区有大面积的沙漠化土地分布,在这30 a问,沙漠化土地面积明显增加,尤其是极重度沙漠化土地的增加最为明显.长江源区不同程度的沙漠化土地总面积从1975年的31 118.3 km2增加到2005年的33 923.25 k...     

Enrichment Patterns and New Discovery of Deep Lacustrine Shale Oil in the Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation,Songliao Basin,NE China

正Objective The Songliao Basin is located in northeastern China. The Upper Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation(Fm.)(K2 qn), Yaojia Fm.(K2 y), and Nenjiang Fm.(K2 n) were deposited in its depression. The sediments are mainly continental clastic rocks. The first member of the Qingshankou Fm.(K2 qn1) in the southern Songliao Basin mainly comprises semi-deep to deep lacustrine shale of large thickness, generally 30,100 m, with wide distribution; the thickness of the shale has an average thickness of 70 m.     

Review of China's scientific research progress in polar meteorology in the last 30 years

The Antarctic and Arctic are sensitive to global climate change; therefore, they are key regions of global climate change research. This paper, the progress in scientific investigations and research regarding the atmosphere in the polar regions over the last 30 years by Chinese scientists is summarized. Primary understanding of the relationship between the polar regions and global change, especially, the variations in time and space in the Antarctic and Arctic regions with respect to climate change is indicated. Operational weather forecasts for investigation of the polar regions have also been established. Moreover, changes in sea ice and their impact on the atmosphere of polar regions have been diagnosed and simulated. Parameterization of the atmospheric boundary layer of different underlying layers and changes in the atmospheric ozone in the polar region has also been experimented. Overall, there has been great progress in studies of the possible impact of changes in the atmospheric environment of polar regions on circulation in East Asia and the climate of China.     

村镇地理空间数据框架实现软件系统的设计与实现

针对村镇数字化发展的需要,本文研究了构建村镇地理空间数据框架的技术架构和业务流程.在论述村镇地理空间数据框架实现软件系统的设计思想和原则的基础上,设计了系统的总体框架和数据模型,最后本文就系统所能实现的多源数据集成、尺度融合等基本功能进行了详细阐述.     

基于AnnAGNPS模型的山美水库流域非点源氮控制研究

探索研究流域非点源氮污染控制的有效措施,对于治理改善水环境恶化具有重要的现实和长远意义。以山美水库流域为研究区域,建立AnnAGNPS氮污染模型,通过情景模拟技术分别模拟了河岸缓冲带、适量施肥、免耕、少耕、梯田和退耕还林等最佳管理措施的非点源氮污染削减效率。结果表明:(1)梯田与退耕还林对氮的削减率较高,均高于15%;免耕较低,为13%;少耕、合理施肥、河岸缓冲带削减效果有限,低于10%。(2)河岸缓冲带、少耕、免耕、梯田等措施的总氮削减率在不同月份的变化趋势与泥沙削减变化趋势一致,在7月和8月有较高的削减率;合理施肥与退耕还林的总氮削减率则与流域施肥状况相关性更高,在2—4月份有较高的削减率,因此山美水库流域水环境改善应结合非点源氮污染治理和流域水土流失治理。