浅谈石油钻井节能减排的途径与对策

石油天然气钻井肩负着油气资源勘探开发的国家使命和社会责任,同时又是能耗大户,节能潜力和责任很大。企业的科学发展当责无旁贷的把节能减排看作转变经济发展方式、节能挖潜、降本增效的重要抓手。只有坚持低碳生产,坚持节约发展、清洁发展、安全发展,才能实现企业又好又快地发展。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东胜砂岩型铀矿中铀矿物的电子显微镜研究

鄂尔多斯盆地东胜铀矿是我国一个重要的大型砂岩型铀矿床。通过电子显微技术,对该铀矿床中铀矿物的种类、产出特征进行详细的研究。研究确定东胜砂岩型铀矿床中铀矿物主要为铀石和水硅铀矿,两者紧密共生,它们均为表生铀矿物。铀矿物的颗粒十分细小,一般粒度均为微米级。铀石和水硅铀矿往往呈板状、不规则微粒状产出,铀矿物的表面溶蚀现象明显,有的还具纳米级的溶蚀孔。铀矿物的产出与蚀变黑云母、蚀变黄铁矿密切相关,也见到微脉状铀矿物集合体穿切碎屑石英等现象。研究表明在表生作用下,该铀矿床中的铀元素存在溶解(迁移)-沉淀(富集)的反复过程。     

陆相盆地古生产力研究现状

古生产力是指地质历史时期生物在能量循环过程中固定能量的速率。陆相盆地古生产力的研究包括古生产力的大小及其组成研究两个方面。目前主要通过有机碳、生物硅和生物标志化合物等指标来评估陆相盆地古生产力的大小;通过生物标志化合物指标,包括正烷烃、萜类、甾类分子标志化合物等指标来研究陆相盆地古生产力的组成。陆相盆地古生产力的定量化研究比较欠缺,仅在有机碳、生物硅及生物标志化合物指标方面建立了数学模型,且多是对海相盆地古生产力指标的直接沿用;而在色素、湖相碳酸盐等具陆相特点的指标方面仅见部分定性研究。在地学应用方面,以陆相盆地古生产力研究为基础的地球生物学方法,在正演陆相烃源岩的形成过程研究中具有良好的前景。     

滨海地区异常压力预测与影响因素分析

滨海地区位于歧口生油凹陷中心附近,目前发现的多套含油气层系压力分布存在异常,东营组和沙一段压力系统变化最为复杂.本文在部分实测压力数据基础上,利用测井资料等效深度法和地震资料PCD法对滨海地区地层压力进行预测.结果表明,研究区东营组-沙一段压力系数为1~1.6,南部高压异常较北部大.认为滨海地区沙一段、东营组压力异常主控因素以快速沉降作用为主,构造作用、生烃作用和成岩作用为辅.     

Rare Earth Element and Trace Element Features of Gold-bearing Pyrite in the Jinshan Gold Deposit, Jiangxi Province

<正>Jinshan gold deposit is located in northeastern Jiangxi,South China,which is related to the ductile shear zone.It has a gold reserve of more than 200 tons,with 80%of gold occurring in pyrite. The LREE of gold-bearing pyrite is as higher as 171.664 ppm on average,with relatively higher light rare earth elements(LREE;159.556 ppm) and lower HREE(12.108 ppm).TheΣLREE/ΣHREE ratio is 12.612 and(La/Yb)_N is 11.765.These indicate that pyrite is rich in LREE.The(La/Sm)_N ratio is 3.758 and that of(Gd/Yb)_N is 1.695.These are obvious LREE fractionations.The rare earth element(REE) distribution patterns show obvious Eu anomaly with averageδEu values of 0.664,andδCe anomalies of 1.044.REE characteristics are similar to those of wall rocks(regional metamorphic rocks),but different from those of the Dexing granodiorite porphyry and Damaoshan biotite granite.These features indicate that the ore-forming materials in the Jinshan gold deposit derived from the wall rocks, and the ore-forming fluids derived from metamorphic water.The Co/Ni ratio(average value 0.38) of pyrite suggests that the Jinshan gold deposit formed under a medium-low temperature.It is inferred from the values of high-field strength elements,LREE,Hf/Sm,Nb/La,and Th/La of the pyrite that the ore-forming fluids of the Jinshan gold deposit derived from metamorphic water with ClF.     

Distribution and Forming Model of Fluvial Terrace in the Huangshui Catchment and its Tectonic Indication

<正>The Huang Shui River,a main tributary of the Yellow River,crosses a series of tectonically subsided and uplifted areas that show different patterns of terrace formation.The distribution of fluvial terrace of the Huang Shui River is studied through topographic and sedimentologic terrace mapping.Three terraces in the Haiyan Basin,four terraces in the Huangyuan Basin,19 terraces in the Xi'ning Basin(the four high terraces may belong to another river),nine terraces in the Ping'an Basin, five terraces in the Ledu Basin and 12 terraces in the Minhe Basin are recognized.Sedimentology research shows that the geomorphologic and sedimentological pattern of the Huang Shui River,which is located at the margin of Tibet,are different from that of the rivers at other regions.The formation process of the terrace is more complicated at the Huang Shui catchment:both accumulation terrace and erosion terrace were formed in each basin and accumulation terraces were developed in some basins when erosion terraces were formed in other basins,indicating fluvial aggradation may occur in some basins simultaneously with river incision in other basins.A conceptual model of the formation process of these two kinds of fluvial terraces at Huang Shui catchment is brought forward in this paper.First,the equilibrium state of the river is broken because of climatic change and/or tectonic movement,and the river incises in all basins in the whole catchment until reaching a new equilibrium state.Then,the downstream basin subsides quickly and the equilibrium state is broken again,and the river incises at upstream basins while the river accumulates at the subsidence basin quickly until approaching a new equilibrium state again.Finally,the river incises in the whole catchment because of climatic change and/or tectonic movement and the accumulation terrace is formed at the subsidence basin while the erosion terrace is formed at other basins.The existence of the accumulation terrace implied the tectonic subsidence in the sub-basins in Huang Shui catchment.These tectonic subsidence movements gradually developed from the downstream Minhe Basin to the upstream Huangyuan Basin.Dating the terrace sequence has potential to uncover the relationship between the subsidence in the catchment and the regional tectonic at the northeastern Tibetan Plateau.     

利用VB实现手持GPS航点航线输入

手持GPS是目前地质工作中常用的工具,它具有导航方便,高精度,高效率等特点,已赢得广大地质工作者的热爱。但GPS航点航线的输入工作一般是采用手工方式完成,对于大量坐标数据的输入是一个相当繁琐的工作,且容易出错,这样大大限制了GPS的应用。为了解决这个问题,这里利用VB成功地实现了坐标投影转换和批量数据输入GPS,极大地提高了室内和野外工作效率。     

歧口凹陷歧深地区沙三段层序地层格架及其演化

在对钻井、录井、测井、地震和各种测试资料的综合分析基础上,对沙三段层序地层格架进行了系统的研究。共识别出4个层序界面,3个三级层序,并在各三级层序内识别出低位体系域、湖扩体系域和高位体系域。认为深凹及控凹断裂边缘3个体系域发育完整,而板桥及歧北次凹斜坡带仅发育退积型湖扩体系域和进积型高位体系域。在此基础上,建立了歧深地区层序地层发育模式——陆相单斜断坡带型(西断东缓超)地层格架,为研究区有利储集体的预测提供了基础。     

利用地震偏移剖面解释岩浆岩的方法分析

在吉林敦化黑石煤炭资源赋存区,岩浆岩发育,煤层较大范围内受到岩浆岩侵蚀,岩浆岩侵蚀部位在地震剖面上差异十分明显,利用二维地震方法,对水平和偏移时间剖面特征进行分析和解释,就可确定其分布范围及位置。     

二维地震在延边凉水煤田勘查中的应用

二维地震勘探比较广泛应用于平原、丘陵等地区,但在地形比较复杂的山区应用比较少。延边凉水煤矿接替区位于吉林省长白山区,该区山高林密,地表施工条件较差,以往勘查资料较少。利用二维地震勘探方法查明了落差较大的断层和勘查区主要煤层的隐伏露头位置,确定煤层的赋存范围和构造形态,取得了一定的成果。