福建仙游园庄地区南园组新层型剖面的建立 及时代的重新厘定

在福建省闽侯县鹅宅-南园村层型剖面所划分的南园组被证实为早白垩世石帽山群后,原鹅宅-南园村割面已失去层型剖面的意义.通过125万周宁县幅、福州市幅、莆田市幅、泉州市幅的区域地质调查和系统研究,在福建省仙游县园庄建立了南园组的新层型剖面,重新厘定了南园组的地层层序和岩石组合,根据地层叠覆关系、同位素测年和古生物资料的系统研究结果,将南园组的时代重新厘定为晚侏罗世-早白垩世初期.     

滇西北兰坪地区金顶超大型铅锌矿床架崖山-北厂 矿段岩石地层特征

详细描述了滇西北兰坪金顶矿区架崖山-北厂主矿段露采剖面的岩石地层学特征。架崖山-北厂矿段出露正常沉积岩和非正常沉积岩两大岩石系列,分别由灰白色白云质灰岩、黑色泥晶灰岩、青灰色泥灰岩、杂色泥质粉砂岩、砖红色粉砂岩、红色膏溶角砾岩和浅灰色钙质砂岩、灰褐色灰岩角砾岩、杂色垮塌角砾岩组成。空间上以非正常沉积岩系列灰褐色灰岩角砾岩和浅灰色钙质砂岩为中心,正常沉积岩系列灰白色白云质灰岩、黑色泥晶灰岩、杂色泥质粉砂岩、青灰色泥灰岩和红色膏溶角砾岩分布于其周围。灰褐色灰岩角砾岩和浅灰色钙质砂岩构成了金顶矿区的2种主要矿石类型,二者空间上密切共生,近直立的灰岩角砾岩分布于近水平的钙质砂岩层的下部,构成似“蘑菇”状的几何形态。架崖山-北厂矿段岩石地层学的特征揭示了兰坪金顶铅锌矿泥底辟机制的成因特点,为矿区勘查和外围寻找金顶式矿床提供了新恩路。     

甘肃庆城庄19井区上三叠统延长组长82亚油层组 低渗透储层的地质特征

长82亚油层组是甘肃庆城地区庄19井区上三叠统延长组中储集砂岩相对富集的层位,但砂岩低渗透性的特点显著,成为影响该区石油储产量增长的主要地质因素.结合前人的相关工作,通过钻井岩心观察、测井曲线分析、储层岩石实验测试等工作,详细地分析了庄19井区长82亚油层组低渗透储层的地质特征,认为沉积微相和压实作用、胶结作用是控制低渗透性储集砂岩发育和分布的主要地质因素,寻找以水下分流河道微相为代表的有利储集相带砂岩体是油气勘探的重要方向.     

冀东马兰峪背斜南翼与西部倾伏端盖层变形特征及其构造意义

燕山中部冀东遵化、迁西、青龙一带以太古宇深变质结晶岩系为核部的东西向构造形迹长期以来被认为是一个复式背斜构造,近年来又有学者提出它是一个中生代变质核杂岩。这2种不同认识涉及到华北克拉通北部中生代区域大地构造演化和稳定克拉通内部大型基底结晶岩系的剥露机制问题。对马兰峪背斜南翼和西部倾伏端盖层岩系开展的详细构造研究表明,变形总体表现为连续的褶皱变形及伴生的逆冲构造;构造样式表现为基底卷入式的厚皮构造与盖层内部软弱岩系控制的薄皮构造共存的特征;变形机制表现为顺层挤压导致的纵弯弯曲和相关的断裂构造;近南北向的缩短率介于16%～27%之间。盖层岩系中未发现变质核杂岩构造模型所预期的系列高角度正断层。基底与盖层不整合面接触带尽管在后期构造变形过程中曾经发生过局部的差异性滑动,但并不是造成大规模构造剥蚀和地壳柱切失的剥离断层。因此,冀东马兰峪背斜不是中生代的变质核杂岩,而是水平挤压背景下基底结晶岩系与盖层共同卷入纵弯褶皱变形的厚皮式褶皱构造。     

顾及DEM误差自相关的坡度计算模型精度分析

基于DEM的坡度计算,其误差来源于DEM误差、DEM结构和坡度计算模型。在顾及DEM误差自相关的前提下,对四种DEM坡度计算模型进行了分析和评价。研究表明,三阶不带权差分能给出较高的坡度计算精度;在局部窗口中,格网点数量越多,坡度计算越准确;等权比不等权的坡度计算模型更准确;DEM误差自相关结构形式对坡度计算无影响。进一步的理论分析和试验分析还表明：DEM误差自相关性的存在,不仅能够改善地形分析的精度,也能改善DEM自身精度。     

应用生烃动力学法研究川东上二叠统烃源岩生烃史

现今川东上二叠统烃源岩生烃史研究具有局限性.首先,没有对上二叠统Ⅰ-Ⅱ1型灰岩生油、Ⅲ型泥岩的生气史分开评价;其次,海相镜质组反射率通过拟合公式换算成镜质体反射率评价烃源岩成熟度具有局限性.针对上述不足,笔者通过热模拟实验,利用化学动力学方法,标定出两类源岩生油、生气的动力学参数,并结合川东地区的埋藏史及热史,模拟出源岩有机质的成烃转化率曲线.研究表明:上二叠统灰岩、泥岩有机质在距今200 Ma和190 Ma分别进入了生油、生气门限,而在距今170 Ma和140 Ma生烃结束.     

松辽盆地白垩纪湖泊水体温度与古气候温度估算

湖泊沉积物沉积的第一场所是湖底,湖底温度的高低影响沉积有机质的保存,也影响湖底下部地层的温度。了解古水体温度尤其是古水底温度情况成为评估松辽盆地白垩系生物气勘探前景的必要研究内容之一。根据已有的古气候研究成果与现今气候对比,得出白垩纪松辽盆地年平均气温约为14~24℃。再根据水库温度的计算方法和利用已有的古纬度及古水深的研究成果计算得出,白垩纪松辽盆地古湖盆水体表面温度为17~25℃;水深大于20 m的深湖区,水底温度为6.2~12.5℃;湖底最深处温度为4.0~11.3℃;青山口组和嫩江组沉积时期,湖水分层明显,湖底温度季节性变化很小且温度较低,约为8℃。湖底的低温对松辽盆地白垩纪生物气勘探是有利的。     

吉林省中部农业土壤中滴滴涕的残留特征

通过分析研究吉林省中部农业土壤中DDT的含量和组成,探讨了该区土壤中DDT的残留特征及其可能的生态风险。研究结果表明,吉林省中部农业土壤中普遍残留DDT,质量分数为0.384~54.159μg/kg,残留水平较低,土壤DDT同系物中以p,p’-DDT和p,p-’DDE为主。DDT的组成表明,土壤中DDT主要是过去输入环境的DDT及其降解产物,但近期仍有少量的DDT输入。生态风险评估则显示该区土壤中的DDT具有一定的生态风险,应予以重视。     

Progresses in the ice formation of glaciers in China

Glaciers, formed by snowfall and characterized by movement and size, are the most sensitive indicators to climate change. The ice formation of glaciers (the processes, mechanisms and results of transformation from snow to ice) can indicate the growth condition, the formation process and the physical characteristics of glaciers. Its spatial variation can also reflect glacier change, and further reveal climate change. Studies on ice formation of glaciers in China were initiated in 1962, when Xie and others studied the ice formation of Glacier No.1 at the Urumqi River head, Tianshan Mountain. Other researchersfollowed suit and did studies on ice formation of glaciers in Qilian Mountain. As time goes by, the concept of ice formation came into being in China. This paper reviews the development history of glacier zones, and the studies of ice formation of glaciers in China since the 1960s. These studies mainly focus on Qilian Mountain, Tianshan Mountain, Altay Mountain, and the western Kunlun Mountain, Himalaya Mountain, the southeastern Tibetan and Hengduan Mountains. The paper also discusses the significance of ice formation studies, the limitation and deficiency of previous studies, and the prospects and suggestions for future studies. __________ Translated from Advances in Earth Science, 2007, 22(4): 386–395 [译自: 地球科学进展]     

Spatial distribution features and environment effect of heavy metal in intertidal surface sediments of Guanhe estuary, Northern Jiangsu Province

In northern Jiangsu coastal zone area, Guanhe River is the biggest river and has the best navigation conditions among rivers which flow into the Yellow Sea. The grain sizes show gradual increase from the high intertidal zone to lower intertidal zone. The heavy metal values have slight changes along both sides of the river mouth, but show an evident change perpendicular to the tidal flat. In the latter case, they show a good correlation with grain size fluctuation, that is, the heavy metal values gradually decline when the grain size increases from the high intertidal zone to the lower intra-tidal zone. Analyses of the heavy metal elements show that on the Guanhe estuary surface sediment, the content of the elements Hg, As and Cu is above background values; Pb and Zn contents are rather close to the background values; and Cd content is less than the background values. The element Hg comes out to be harmful in a medium level to ecological environment, while the elements of Cr, As, Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd fall in a safe range of MPL. On the whole, Guanhe estuary tidal flat is not very harmful to the ecology in terms of the heavy metals. __________ Translated from Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2007, 27(5): 23–32 [译自: 海洋地质与第四纪地质]