鄂尔多斯块体及其周缘上地幔各向异性分析研究

对布设在鄂尔多斯块体及其周缘的固定宽频带地震台网90个台站记录作远震SKS波形资料偏振分析,采用最小切向能量法求得每个台站的SKS快波偏振方向和快慢波时差,获得块体及其周缘上地幔各向异性图像,并结合1999~2007年相对鄂尔多斯块体的GPS水平地壳运动速度场,分析块体及其周缘的各向异性特征和壳幔耦合特征并重新认识块体的运动及周缘断陷带的动力学成因.分析结果认为,块体内部以零分裂为主,表现为各向同性特征;块体周缘台站延迟时间则明显大于块体中部,表现出明显的各向异性特征;快波偏振方向与地质构造走向、水平速度场方向基本一致,表明壳幔之间存在耦合,而个别台站在方向上与周围台站存在差异,可能与早期的块体活动有关.SKS横波分裂结果和现今GPS地壳水平运动场解释了鄂尔多斯块体没有旋转运动,在西南缘六盘山一带存在分叉绕流运动,汾渭断陷带的形成和发展是由于上地幔塑性物质沿挤出方向水平运动和沿裂隙向上入侵、横向扩张的综合演化结果.     

广西南丹大厂矿区地震活动特征分析

本文收集了2009年12月至2010年4月广西南丹大厂矿区地震监测台网记录到的421次M_L≥0.5可定位地震事件(含爆破)时空分布情况, 从实际调查和波形特征分析排除爆破记录后, 研究震级较大的几次矿震震源机制解, 按小时段统计爆破频次与能量释放关系。 结果表明, 矿震断裂走向与区域构造较为一致。 矿山地下开采量增加以及之前出现的近半年历史上罕见的干旱气象因素, 在震级较大的人工爆破触发下, 影响了局部构造应力场的稳定性, 由此引发了一系列矿震。     

新疆乌苏5.1级地震前波速比异常震例研究

利用天山中段数字化地震波资料,采用多台和达法,计算2006年11月23日新疆乌苏5.1级地震前后波速比的变化情况,得到如下结果:(1)在空间分布上,乌苏5.1级地震前,波速比形成一个近似椭圆形低值异常区,且椭圆长半轴约为70 km,短半轴约为55 km,椭圆走向NW,地震就发生在该椭圆区域的西北部边缘;(2)在时间进程...     

水温前兆台网观测井条件研究

从水温前兆台网的现状入手,对观测井的类型、条件、传感器的观测深度及观测部位的温度特征等条件进行了分析总结,发现不同的水温正常动态类型与观测条件密切相关,并对正常动态与观测条件的关系作了初步分析,研究表明,传感器应在离开含水层和温度波动最小的层位进行观测.最后分析了水温前兆观测仪器的安装方法与观测条件,进而说明观测层位可...     

地震有效峰值加速度与地震烈度相关性研究

利用2008年5月12日发生的汶川8·0级以及2008年8月30日凉山州会理县—攀枝花市间6·1级地震中获取的四川省境内的地震加速度记录数据,分析了有效峰值加速度（EPA）与加速度峰值（PGA）对比结果及加速度数据有效值与地震烈度的相关性。得出了有效峰值加速度（EPA）与烈度的相关性较之地震峰值加速度（PGA）与烈度的...     

红水河梯级水电站水库地震监测台网的建设与发展

水库地震监测是我国地震监测的重要组成部分。文中阐述了红水河梯级水电站水库地震监测台网的建设发展历程,详细介绍了天生桥一级、龙滩、岩滩、大化及大藤峡水库专用地震监测台网的建设和发展,并对比分析了库区蓄水前后的地震活动记录,讨论了水库地震监测台网面临的升级改造及运行管理等问题,建议采用流域化统一管理。     

行星际磁场B_y对弓激波影响的MHD结果

利用全球磁流体模拟的结果,本文研究了行星际磁场B_y对弓激波位型的影响.结果显示:随着行星际磁场B_y绝对值的增大,弓激波的日下点距离、旋转对称张角、南北非对称性以及旋转非对称性均随之增加.其中,B_y对弓激波日下点距离的影响可达5 RE左右.东向B_y和西向B_y对弓激波位型影响具有对称性,东向B_y和西向B_y大小相同时弓激波日下点距离、旋转对称张角以及旋转非对称性参数均相同,而南北非对称性参数大小相同正负相反.行星际磁场B_y占主导时弓激波尾部横截面在南北方向上拉伸,并且拉伸程度随着B_y绝对值的增大而增大,弓激波尾部横截面的拉伸现象与磁声波马赫数密切相关.     

地震信息安全管理现状及策略研究

随着网络和信息技术的发展,信息安全建设已经成为信息化建设的重要组成部分。网络信息安全问题已经上升为一个关系到国家前途的战略高度的问题。信息安全这门处于蓬勃发展中的科学,将会越来越密切地关系到社会的各行各业。本文分析了地震信息安全管理的现状,并着重讨论了加强地震信息安全管理的策略。     

Application of a multi‐temporal,LiDAR‐derived,digital terrain model in a landslide‐volume estimation

Sediments produced by landslides are crucial in the sediment yield of a catchment, debris flow forecasting, and related hazard assessment. On a regional scale, however, it is difficult and time consuming to measure the volumes of such sediment. This paper uses a LiDAR‐derived digital terrain model (DTM) taken in 2005 and 2010 (at 2 m resolution) to accurately obtain landslide‐induced sediment volumes that resulted from a single catastrophic typhoon event in a heavily forested mountainous area of Taiwan. The landslides induced by Typhoon Morakot are mapped by comparison of 25 cm resolution aerial photographs taken before and after the typhoon in an 83.6 km² study area. Each landslide volume is calculated by subtraction of the 2005 DTM from the 2010 DTM, and the scaling relationship between landslide area and its volume are further regressed. The relationship between volume and area are also determined for all the disturbed areas (V_L = 0.452A_L^1.242) and for the crown areas of the landslides (V_L = 2.510A_L^1.206). The uncertainty in estimated volume caused by use of the LiDAR DTMs is discussed, and the error in absolute volume estimation for landslides with an area >10⁵ m² is within 20%. The volume–area relationship obtained in this study is also validated in 11 small to medium‐sized catchments located outside the study area, and there is good agreement between the calculation from DTMs and the regression formula. By comparison of debris volumes estimated in this study with previous work, it is found that a wider volume variation exists that is directly proportional to the landslide area, especially under a higher scaling exponent. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hydrological characteristics of vegetated river flows: a laboratory flume study

Abstract

Laboratory flume experiments were undertaken to measure the vertical profiles of mean flow velocity for three different flow discharges and four different stem densities of Hydrilla verticillata. The data were used to calculate three parameters, namely Manning's roughness coefficient, the Reynolds number and the Froude number. In addition, empirical equations were obtained for the vertical distribution of measured flow velocity within the transitional zone and above the plant canopy. The results show that: (a) the vertical distribution of measured flow velocity exhibits three zone profiles; (b) Manning's roughness coefficient decreases with increasing depth-averaged flow velocity; (c) the relationship between Manning's roughness coefficient and the depth-averaged flow velocity is within the smooth left inverse curve; (d) Manning's roughness coefficient significantly changes with increasing density of Hydrilla; (e) the Froude number is independent of the density of Hydrilla; and (f) both the Reynolds number and the Froude number increase with increasing depth-averaged flow velocity.

Citation Shi, J.Z., Li, Y.-H., Hughes, J.M.R., and Zhao, M., 2013. Hydrological characteristics of vegetated river flows: a laboratory flume study. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58 (5), 1047–1058.

Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz