地幔流体的交代作用——来自碱性正长岩及其深源岩石包体的证据

滇西玉龙县小桥头硅化霓辉正长斑岩中,含有较多镁铁-超镁铁质深源包体岩石。经岩相学和电子探针及扫描电镜分析发现,伴随交代蚀变,寄主岩和各类镁铁-超镁铁质包体岩石中,普遍发育沿粒间和矿物晶体裂隙或解理纹贯入或穿插的黑色不透明物质,主要由微晶硅酸盐矿物和磁铁矿组成。本文研究认为,硅酸盐矿物与磁铁矿在背散射电子图像中表现为熔离特征,这种在透光显微镜下呈黑色不透明的微晶固体,是引发交代蚀变、具熔浆流体特点和超临界流体性质的地幔流体交代作用的一种微观表现。     

Characteristics of teh seismic source stress field in teh joint region of Xianshuihe ,Long Monitoring the horizontal movement along the Shanxi faults

Twenty-two earthquakes (M _L=2.2–3.7) in the joint region of Xianshuihe, Longmenshan and An’ninghe faults are studied in this paper. The source mechanism solutions of these events are obtained using P-wave first motion method, and the characteristics of the source stress field and rupture in the joint region are summarized preliminarily with some results of other researchers. Being strongly extruded by the approximately horizontal regional stress with the direction from north-west to south-east and the effect of the complex tectonics in the region, the source stress field has complex and variable characteristics. The earthquakes mainly show normal or strike-slip faults in Yajiang, North-triangle and west of Chengdu-block areas, indicating that the vertical forces have been playing an important role in the source stress fields, while the earthquakes mainly show reverse or strike-slip faults in Baoxing-Tianquan area, with the horizontal components of the principal pressure stress axes identical to the south-west direction to which the shallow mass is moving. We think that the manifold combinations of earthquake faults are the micro-mechanism based upon which the large regional shallow crust mass has been moving continually.     

川南马边地区强震危险性分析

根据最近34a的区域台网地震资料,利用地震活动性参数b值的空间分布,结合历史强震与现今地震活动背景,分析了川南马边地区主要断裂带的现今活动习性,并初步判别出了潜在的强震危险区域。研究结果表明:1)马边地区的b值空间分布存在明显的空间差异,反映了该区域不同断裂带与断裂段应力积累水平的差异;2)马边-盐津断裂带上存在3个尺度不等的异常低b值区,它们可能是该断裂带上的相对高应力区(或凹凸体),其中位于马边北、沐川西部利店镇附近的凹凸体与位于该断裂带南端盐津附近的凹凸体可能是马边地区未来发生大地震的危险场所,而位于绥江南的小尺度凹凸体有可能是潜在强震的发生地点;3)存在于龙泉山断裂带西南段的凹凸体将是未来发生中强地震的场所;4)金口河-美姑断裂上位于汉源县皇木镇与峨眉山市龙池镇之间的凹凸体存在发生中强地震的可能性     

利用MERIS水汽数据改正ASAR干涉图中的大气影响

大气对流层对雷达信号的传播延迟是制约重复轨道InSAR高精度测量应用的重要因素之一.本文描述了MERIS水汽数据用于ASAR干涉图大气改正的方法;并以美国南加州地区为例,选取4对ENVISAT ASAR数据进行了大气改正的研究.结果显示对这4幅干涉图,经过MERIS水汽数据改正后InSAR与GPS差异的RMS分别〖JP2〗降低了41.7%,65.2%,19.3%和39.4%.平均改善程度达41.4%.更重要的是,经过MERIS水汽改正后,从2005~2007年〖JP〗干涉图和2004~2007年干涉图中,能清楚地识别出三处形变最明显的区域：Long Beach-Santa Ana 盆地、Pomona-Ontario和San Bernardino,其形变速率从-8 mm/a到-28 mm/a,大部分在-20 mm/a左右,与这些地区2003年以前的历史形变速率基本一致.因此,采用无云条件下的MERIS水蒸汽数据改正同步获取的ASAR干涉图,可以显著地降低大气水汽对干涉图相位的影响,从而更真实地反映地表形变等地球物理信号.     

太湖地区河网水体石油类浓度预测

利用完全混合系统水文动力学模型,对太湖地区河道改造后,由于船型及船流量发生变化而导致的水体石油类浓度的变化进行了预测。通过类比分析得出：预测结果基本符合实际。     

Basic characteristics of active tectonics of China

Active tectonics is inferred to all the structures which have been active since the late Pleisto-cene, 100—120 ka B.P., are still active recently, and will be active in a certain time period in the future, such as active faults, active folds, active basi…     

Assessment of extreme drought and human interference on baseflow of the Yangtze River

Attention has been given to baseflow in large rivers, but up to now, no study on baseflow for the Yangtze River in combination with extreme drought and extensive human activities has been carried out. Discharge data in 2000–2005 and in the extreme drought years, 1978 and 2006, at stations along the main stream, lakes and distributaries of the Yangtze River were collected to analyse the features of baseflow in 2006 by using baseflow separation technique, HYSEP. It can be seen that the baseflow relative to the streamflow in 2006 was greater than those in other years. The variation of baseflow discharge in the Upper Yangtze River Stream (UYRS) was larger than that in the Mid‐Lower Yangtze River Stream (MLYRS). Human activities in MLYRS are more intensive than that in the UYRS and the baseflow discharge was greater. The baseflow is influenced by the extreme climate and human activities along the Yangtze River with the former being the dominant factor in 2006. The contribution of human interference to baseflow discharge was about 10% in 2006. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Estimation of peak relative velocity and peak absolute acceleration of linear SDOF systems

In the seismic analysis and design of structures, the true velocity and absolute acceleration are usually approximated by their corresponding pseudo-values. This approach is simple and works well for structures with small damping (say, less than 15%). When the damping of a structure is enhanced for the purpose of response reduction, it may result in large analysis and design errors. Based on theory of random vibration and the established mechanism of seismic response spectra analysis, a method is developed (1) to predict the relative velocity spectra with any damping ratio level directly from the 5% standard pseudo-acceleration spectrum; and (2) to estimate the peak absolute acceleration. The accuracy of both is validated by using two selected ensembles of ground motion records.     

赣北芙蓉―周溪断面下蜀黄土粒度特征及其指示意义

赣北鄱阳湖地区沙山南部近南北向的芙蓉―周溪断面上,分布由FZ-01、FZ-02~FZ-05和FZ-06~FZ-12三部分组成的下蜀土剖面,粒度分析结果表明:1)下蜀黄土砂粒组分自北往南变化为27.29%、1.94%~7.23%和0.45%~7.27%;粉砂组分质量分数大,且存在差异变化,分别为68.23%、81.71%~87.20%和66.9%~79.39%;黏土组分自北向南质量分数增加,变化为4.48%、8.46%~16.35%和18.13%~32.07%,总体表现为砂黄土―黄土―黏黄土等相态的逐渐过渡;2)粒度三组分、粒度参数散点图等均表现为从北而南的阶段性系统渐变特征;3)各种粒度参数与距长江的远近,均服从对数函数变化关系。这些特征初步揭示研究区的下蜀黄土是风成的,并可能与同样是风成堆积的沙山的形成存在某种联系,属于区域性风沙-风尘堆积体系。     

贵广高铁对沿线旅游城市可达性影响测度及其地域结构系统构建

高速铁路的规划、建设与开通对沿线城市旅游产业发展的重要影响即是缩短城市旅游空间联系的时间距离,提升城市旅游交通的空间可达性,进而提高旅游城市内外部的产业经济联系与要素空间流动的强度。本文以贵广高铁为案例区域,采用可达性模型和GIS空间分析方法测度和构建了贵广高铁对沿线旅游城市的时间距离与可达性变化及其地域结构系统。实证表明:(1)贵广高铁开通后的各沿线旅游城市最短时间距离均表现出明显缩短态势;(2)贵广高铁开通后的从江县、三江县、都匀市、桂林市、肇庆市、怀集县、阳朔县、贵阳市和广州市等各沿线重点旅游城市可达性测度值变化率呈依次降低态势;(3)通过将沿线重点旅游城市可达性测度值在ARCGIS空间模块下分析,并确定了贵广高铁沿线不同等级重点旅游发展点和重点旅游发展轴的基础上,有机形成了2个三级贵州沿线旅游发展板块与广西沿线旅游发展板块、1个二级广东沿线旅游发展板块和1个一级贵广高铁旅游发展板块,进一步构建了贵广高铁影响下的旅游地域结构系统。上述结论为合理优化贵广高铁沿线旅游城市空间结构、协调贵广高铁旅游产业一体化发展提供科学依据。