The Rare Earth Elements and Uranium in Garnets from the Beinn an Dubhaich Aureole, Skye, Scotland, UK: Constraints on Processes in a Dynamic Hydrothermal System

Garnets from skarns in the Beinn an Dubhaich granite aureole,Isle of Skye, Scotland, have a large range of concentrationsof uranium (0·2–358 ppm) and the rare earth elements(REE) (23–4724 ppm). Variations in these concentrationscorrelate with major element zonation within the garnets, andwith changes in the shape of REE patterns. Typical patternsin most garnets display light REE (LREE) enrichment, flat heavyREE (HREE) distribution and a negative Eu anomaly. These patternsare interpreted to represent equilibrium trace element exchangebetween pre-existing pyroxene, hydrothermal fluid and calcicgarnets. Iron-rich zones are characterized by positive Eu anomaliesand an increase in the abundance of the LREE relative to theHREE. These patterns are interpreted as resulting from changesin REE speciation related to the introduction of externallybuffered fluid to the skarn system. Relatively Fe-poor zonesshow strongly HREE-enriched patterns with negative Eu anomaliesand in some instances depletions in Y relative to Ho and Dy,which are interpreted as resulting from surface sorption ofthe REE during rapid, disequilibrium garnet growth. Strong correlationsbetween U abundance and the REE patterns indicate that the sameprocesses have affected U distribution. Both types of patterncan be modified by the effects of closed-system crystallizationon REE abundance in the fluid, and changes in fluid major elementchemistry. KEY WORDS: fractionation; garnet; hydrothermal; rare earth elements; skarn     

基于反S数学模型的地图目标分形无标度区自动确定

在观测尺度r的取值范围足够大时 ,地图目标的Richardson曲线往往呈反S形态。根据这一特点 ,采用反S数学模型———带导数的三次多项式模型拟合Richardson曲线 ,并根据该模型推导出分形无标度区间的计算公式 ,提出了一种自动确定地图目标分形无标度区的新方法 ,最后验证了本方法的可行性和有效性     

基于DMC卫星影像对海啸灾情土地覆盖类型变化的分析

利用DMC卫星影像,对在2004年12月26日发生的印度洋海啸中,受灾严重的印度尼西亚亚齐特别自治区进行土地覆盖类型变化比较分析,对灾情进行评估,研究表明DMC卫星影像在灾情分析及土地覆盖类型监测等方面的应用前景。     

甘肃省水资源足迹与消费模式分析

阐述了水资源足迹的概念和计算方法,以甘肃省为例,运用产品虚拟水研究方法核算并分析了1989-2003年的水资源足迹及其变化。结果表明,1989年以来甘肃省全社会的水资源足迹总量基本稳定在220亿～240亿m3/a,总体上呈现微量的下降趋势,人口增加和消费水平提高并没有增加对水资源系统在数量上的压力。从消费模式分析看,随消费结构多样化的增加,人均虚拟水消费量呈现不断下降的趋势,因而,增加消费结构的多样性有利于减少对水资源系统的压力。讨论分析了水资源足迹核算的意义,指出了进一步研究需要注意的问题。     

新疆托克逊县库米什铜矿地质特征

库米什西北铜矿区位于拱拜孜大断裂和桑树园子大断裂共同组成的韧性剪切带以南部位，有利于矿的富集．1：20万区域化探扫面显示出Cu、Pb、Zn、Co、Ni等元素多以高背景值出现．通过研究库米什区域上以及矿区上的地层、构造、侵入岩等因素，铜矿的规模、形态、产状等因素，孔雀石化是找铜矿的一个重要标志，侵入岩的发育为矿的运移和富集提供了通道．     

土壤年代学方法及其应用

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Trace and Minor Element Chemistry of Alkali Feldspars in the Klokken Layered Syenite Series

Trace and minor element concentrations in alkali feldspars fromthe layered syenite series in the Klokken gabbro-syenite complex,South Greenland have been measured using an ion microprobe.The technique has high precision, avoids problems of mineralseparation, and has allowed investigation of zoning and theeffects of deuteric alteration. Li, Be, B, Cs and Pb occur at< 1 p.p.m. levels, but Ba, Sr, Rb, Mg, Fe, Ti and P are presentin the 1–7000 p.p.m. range. Provided unaltered strain-controlledcrypto- or microperthitic feldspar is sampled and deutericallycoarsened material is avoided, all of the latter elements exceptMg show systematic variation. This confirms the evidence forin situ fractionation of a single syenitic magma-pulse affordedby major element variation in coexisting mafic minerals, particularlypyroxenes and olivines. The distinction between granular andlaminated syenites in the series is supported by the trace elements,which confirms the view that the granular syenites are a condensedroof-chill series with inverted cryptic variation, while thelaminated syenites are a bottom accumulated sequence. Using mainly experimentally determined partition coefficientsfrom the literature and a simple Rayleigh fractionation modelbased on the variation in Ba, Sr and Rb (elements whose concentrationin the melt is largely controlled by feldspar) we calculategeologically reasonable minimum thicknesses for the entire layeredseries of 1370–3260 m. Ti variation in the feldspars wascontrolled by Fe-Ti oxide fractionation, and Fe contents alsowere controlled by mafic phases. Controls of Mg, and particularlythe irregular P levels, are not clear. Behaviour of Ca, whichis present at < 6000 p.p.m. levels in the feldspars, is qualitativelyexplained in terms of the ternary feldspar phase diagram.     

自动与人工观测数据的差异分析

自动与人工两种观测技术体制所获取的气象数据之间的差异,是仪器原理差异、观测的时空差异、采样方式与样本数的差异、观测时次的差异等造成的.自动观测的数据优于人工观测,更能反映大气的真实状况.     

电阻率测深法在阿拉尔盆地划分咸、淡水层的应用

通过分析、总结电阻率测深法在青海阿拉尔盆地划分咸、淡水层的应用实例,着重论述了电测深曲线形态变化与含水层矿化度高低的对应关系,指出了曲线特征点(拐点等)是准确划分咸、淡水层的关键电性异常标志,阐明了该方法在划分第四系咸、淡水层的有效性及应用前景。     

北部湾涠洲岛及斜阳岛火山地质与喷发历史研究

涠洲岛及斜阳岛是北部湾内一对姊妹火山岛，本文采用火山岩K-Ar法，火山岩中砂岩捕掳体光释光法（OSL）和贝壳^14C法分别测定了火山活动的年代，结合火山岩地质特征，将涠洲岛火山活动初步划分为早-中更新世（1．42Ma-0．49Ma）和晚更新世末期（36ka-33ka）两期。早-中更新世溢流玄武质熔岩盾造就了涠洲岛及斜阳岛，从涠洲岛横路山锅盖岭盾形火山锥溢出的熔岩流向四周漫流，形成涠洲岛中心高四周低的盾形火山地形，其晚阶段球状风化玄武岩沿涠洲岛潮间带分布。晚更新世末期涠洲岛南湾火山和斜阳岛斜阳村火山射气岩浆喷发，间有岩浆喷发，形成典型的低平火山口和巨厚基浪堆积几乎覆盖两岛，经历了海蚀作用，塑造了两岛现代地貌景观。