二郎坪群沉思录

本文从历史沿革、回龙湾强应变带的发现、原岩建造和沉积环境、变质作用、时代等方面对比研究了二郎坪群和石界河群的区别,认为应坚持二郎坪群的最初含意,并赞同建立石界河群。二郎坪群为新元古代—奥陶纪的火山岩—沉积岩建造,石界河群为晚古生代的泥砂质建造。它们作为北秦岭裂陷的中期和晚期形成物,对认识北秦岭造山带的演化史,有非常重要的意义。     

Biodegradation of crude oil using an efficient microbial consortium in a simulated marine environment

Ochrobactrum sp. N1, Brevibacillus parabrevis N2, B. parabrevis N3 and B. parabrevis N4 were selected when preparing a mixed bacterial consortium based on the efficiency of crude oil utilization. A crude oil degradation rate of the N-series microbial consortium reached upwards of 79% at a temperature of 25 °C in a 3.0% NaCl solution in the shake flask trial. In the mesocosm experiment, a specially designed device was used to simulate the marine environment. The internal tank size was 1.5 m (L)×0.8 m (W)×0.7 m (H). The microbial growth conditions, nutrient utilization and environmental factors were thoroughly investigated. Over 51.1% of the crude oil was effectively removed from the simulated water body. The escalation process (from flask trials to the mesocosm experiment), which sought to represent removal under conditions more similar to the field, proved the high efficiency of using N-series bacteria in crude oil degradation.     

扬子板块北缘马元铅锌矿床两类矿石地球化学特征及其对成矿作用的制约

对马元铅锌矿白云石-硫化物型和重晶石-硫化物型矿石中的热液矿物白云石和重晶石的同位素和稀土元素地球化学特征对比研究表明,白云石的δ~(13)CPDB为-2.51×10-3~0.93×10-3,δ18OSMOW为17.55×10~(-3)~23.24×10~(-3),说明成矿流体中碳、氧来源于震旦系碳酸盐岩的溶解;锶同位素组成(0.711 46)表明Sr来源以壳源锶为主,可能与富放射性锶的上覆碎屑岩或下伏基底变质火山岩有关;稀土元素具有明显的正Eu异常(δEu平均为1.415),表明白云石-硫化物型矿化流体具有盆地中循环热卤水特点。重晶石的硫同位素(平均为33×10~(-3))具有富重硫且分布均一的特点,暗示硫可能来源于富集重硫的单一海相硫酸盐;Sr同位素(0.709 18~0.709 71)特征表明其来源以海水锶为主,有少量壳源锶加入;稀土元素具有明显负Ce异常(δCe平均为0.255)和正Eu异常(δEu平均为1.43),表明重晶石--硫化物型矿化有关的流体可能是海水(或大气降水)与盆地循环热流体混合的结果。白云石--硫化物型矿石和重晶石-硫化物型矿石的沉淀可能是盆地中循环热卤水与海水(或大气降水)两种端元组分以不同比例混合的结果。     

甘肃贾公台金矿床地质特征与流体包裹体研究

贾公台金矿床是秦祁昆造山系南祁连党河南山地区最具代表性的金矿床之一。为了查明其矿床成因类型,对贾公台金矿床进行矿床地质特征的系统性研究和成矿主阶段流体包裹体的测温及激光拉曼测试分析。结果表明:矿床位于NW向与NE向构造的交汇部位,矿化产于下奥陶统上岩组浅变质海相碎屑岩和花岗岩中,严格受NW向断裂控制;矿体主要呈脉状、透镜状,Au品位较高(1.98×10-6),有害组分少,且伴生Ag;成矿主阶段流体包裹体类型为气液两相包裹体及少量气体包裹体;成矿流体为低盐度、低CO2含量的NaCl-H2O体系,成矿温度为236℃~245℃(中温),成矿压力为48.7~51.4MPa,对应深度为5.56~5.72km;经与浅成热液型金矿、造山型金矿主要特征进行对比,初步厘定贾公台金矿床为浅成热液型金矿床。     

中国富氦天然气资源研究现状与进展

通过对中国富氦天然气资源现有研究成果进行系统整理、分析,总结了中国富氦天然气研究的发展现状及进展,提出了未来中国氦气资源的研究方向。中国对氦气资源的研究历程可以划分为4个阶段：认知阶段、利用阶段、基础研究阶段及提取技术研究阶段。从分布规律看,中国富氦天然气分布具有小型盆地满盆含气、大中型盆地局部含气的特点,赋存层位以奥陶系、二叠系、古近系和新近系为主。组分特征表明,富氦天然气中氦气的含量普遍小于1%,仅渭河盆地部分样品氦气含量较高,最大值可达4.942%。氦同位素特征表明,中国氦气以壳源为主,壳幔混合为辅。分析认为,影响壳源氦分布的主控因素为氦气源岩,而影响幔源氦分布的主控因素为深大断裂。建议今后中国应以壳源氦研究为重点,针对不同区域不同成因的氦气,采用不同的研究方法。     

鄂尔多斯盆地米脂气田天然气逸散: 流体包裹体证据

鄂尔多斯盆地米脂气田南侧断裂带充填的方解石脉富含天然气包裹体.应用流体包裹体测试、稳定同位素分析和热释光年龄测定等手段,研究了方解石脉和天然气包裹体成因特征及其形成时间.分析表明,天然气包裹体形成温度在130～140℃之间,盐度为5.5(质量百分比)NaCl～6.0(质量百分比)NaCl,表明天然气包裹体属于盆地内热成因烃类流体.热爆法分析方解石脉包裹体烃类气体含量最高达2.4219m3/t,C1/ΣCi比值最高为91%.激光拉曼光谱分析的单个包裹体中烃类气体最高含量为91.6%.方解石脉δ13CPDB为-5.75‰～-15.23‰,δ18OSMOW为21.33‰～21.67‰,表明断裂带中含天然气包裹体方解石脉属于淡水成因方解石.天然气包裹体δ13C1PDB为-21.36‰～-29.06‰,δDSMOW为-70.89‰～-111.03‰,其与米脂气田同属于煤成天然气.含天然气包裹体的方解石脉热释光年龄为32.4±34.2万年.综合研究认为,晚期断裂构造活动对天然气成藏具有重要影响,米脂气田南侧断裂带方解石脉天然气包裹体是米脂气藏受喜马拉雅构造活动影响,天然气沿断裂发生逸散的证据.     

河南卢氏石门金矿床载金矿物及微量元素特征

对河南卢氏石门金矿床中矿石经偏光、反光显微镜下研究,发现自然金与细脉状的黄铁矿黄铜矿脉、黄铁矿方解石脉共生;含金品位较高的烟灰色石英内分布有网脉状金属硫化物细丝以及尘埃状不透明的金属矿物,造成宏观上石英呈烟灰色至深灰色.对矿区各种载金矿物经实验室分离并进行化学分析显示细粒黄铁矿中金元素含量是粗粒黄铁矿的3.2倍,磁黄铁矿中金元素含量远高于黄铁矿,烟灰色石英中金元素含量是乳白色石英中的27.7倍.矿区分布一些石英脉中含黄铁矿非常高,结晶颗粒大,但脉体含金远低于工业品位,无开采价值,而在这种脉体的围岩中分离的黄铁矿单矿物含金可达10.5×10-6,说明这种石英脉形成温度高,使金向围岩中扩散发生贫化.     

GEOCHEMISTRY AND TECTONIC ENVIRONMENT AND RESERVOIR FORMATION OF MANTLE-DERIVED NATURAL GAS IN THE SONGLIAO BASIN, NORTHEASTERN CHINA

During several decades of exploration, a number of mantle-derived natural gas pools have been discovered in the vicinities of deep faults in the Songliao Basin, northeastern China. The natural gas in these pools has a δ 13C1 value of-16.5‰ to -24.2‰, a reversed arrangement in the amount of carbon isotopes in methane and its endogamous products (namely, Δ13c1 ＞Δ13c2 ＞Δ13c3 ＞Δ13c4 ), a 3He/4He value of 1.97 to 2.34× 10-6, and an 40Ar/36Ar value of 1063 to 1949. This indicates a mantle source for the natural gas. The trace elements Cd, In, Te and Re, never found in organic-sourced hydrocarbons, are highly enriched in certain crude oils from the Basin; respectively, concentrations of these elements were found to be 751, 28, 16 and 323 times the average crustal values in China, and this also supports a mantle-derived natural gas origin. The characteristics of mantled-derived magmatic rocks,hydrothermal fluids and gaseous fractions distributed in and near the deep Songliao Basin faults indicate that rifting tectonics is providing the mechanisms for this outgassing of the mantle. Deep extensional(normal) faults provide pathways for upward movement of these materials, and in the Songliao Basin,these deep riff fault zones are associated with reservoir occurrence and cap rock seals, forming good sites for accumulation of mantle-derived natural gas. Furthermore, a layer of low velocity, low density and high conductivity in the deep crust has been identified as a potential reservoir for mantle-derived natural gas.     

胜利油气区奥陶系顶部风化壳有机包裹体初步研究及其意义

胜利油气区奥陶系顶部风化壳中的气态烃有机包裹体主要分布在方解石脉中,属晚期次生成因。均一温度测量结果表明其形成温度为140～160℃,明显低于奥陶系灰泥岩的成岩温度(170～208℃)。有机包裹体气态烃成份以CH4为主(占总量的44%～49%),同时含CO2和H2O等无机气体成份。有机包裹体气态烃δ13C1为-29.2‰(PDB),δD为-128‰(SMOW),与本区已发现的来自石炭二叠系煤成天然气的δ13C1和δD相近或相同,说明胜利油气区奥陶系顶部风化壳曾经有过来自石炭二叠系煤成天然气的运移与聚集作用。该区有与陕北大气田相似的成藏地质条件,奥陶系顶部风化壳具潜在的天然气勘探价值。