煤成烃生成及排驱加水热模拟实验

用加水热模拟实验对采于我国胜利油田附近的石炭系太原组亮褐煤（R0＝0．56%）生烃潜力进行研究。煤样富含镜质组（74．5%）,壳质组少（8．8%）,惰性组占16．7%,其中镜质组以富氢的基质镜质体为主。煤样裂隙发育,形成于滨海沼泽相沉积环境。实验设200℃、230℃、260℃、290℃、320℃和350℃六个温度点,每个温度点加热72小时。实验结果表明该煤具有较高的生烃潜力和排油效率。其液态烃大量生成和排出始于R0＝0．76%（290℃）,在R0＝1．18%（320℃）时达高峰。气态产物从R0＝1．18%大量形成,直到R0＝1．53%（350℃）继续增大。实验分析认为煤的生烃能力除了与其有机质类型、有机质丰度等有关外,还与其形成的沉积环境有关,缺氧的还原环境是煤作为烃源岩形成和保存的有利沉积环境。裂隙的发育有助于煤成油的排驱和运移。     

鄂尔多斯盆地中部上古生界山西组页岩储层特征

鄂尔多斯盆地山西组发育一套厚度大且有勘探潜力的陆海陆过渡相页岩。应用岩芯观察、X衍射、扫描电镜和显微镜观察以及高压压汞等方法,对该盆地中部山西组页岩的岩石学、矿物学、页岩储集空间、孔隙结构和物性特征进行分析研究。结果表明:研究区山西组页岩以黑色泥岩、黑色页岩夹纹层或薄层状深色粉砂岩为主,页岩主要由黏土矿物和石英两类矿物组成,二者平均含量分别为59.6%和36.9%。页岩宏观和微观裂隙发育,显微镜下统计的显微裂缝平均面密度达到116.6/m。除了发育与矿物和成岩作用有关的矿物孔隙外,页岩中有机显微组分发育较多的有机质孔。页岩孔隙度平均为0.77%,渗透率平均为0.06×10-3 μm2。山西组页岩总有机碳（TOC）、镜质体反射率（R_o,%）和黏土矿物含量是影响页岩孔隙度的主要因素,具有正相关性,而石英含量与页岩孔隙度呈一定的负相关关系。山西组页岩中裂缝的普遍发育提高了页岩的渗透率,有利于页岩气聚集成藏。综合分析表明山西组页岩气储层地质条件一般,开发难度较大,但在裂缝发育、物性较好的层位和地区仍具有较好的页岩气资源前景。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘龙门隐伏碱性杂岩体地球化学特征

鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘龙门隐伏碱性杂岩体呈岩墙、岩床或岩脉产出,侵入于延长组及以下地层,主要由霞石正长斑岩、角闪二长正长岩、霓辉二长斑岩、白榴正长斑岩、角闪二长闪长岩和碱性长石正长斑岩组成。地球化学特征为:SiO2含量51.25%~63.87%,K2O+Na2O含量7.23%~12.55%,Al2O3含量17.74%~20.12%,∑REE含量96.19×10-6~620.57×10-6,(La/Yb)N比为8.68~251.42,δEu为0.62~0.98。大离子亲石元素和放射性生热元素Th含量普遍较高,Ni,Co,Cr等地幔富集亲铁元素(相容元素)相对亏损。龙门隐伏碱性杂岩体主要为A1型及少量I型,形成于板内裂谷环境。主量元素、稀土微量元素特征表明,物质来源可能为发生上涌底侵后熔融的亏损软流圈地幔,锆石U-Pb年龄为(241.6±1.9)Ma和(108±1)Ma。研究表明,鄂尔多斯西南缘早中三叠世存在局部拉张环境,早白垩世由于区域性拉张作用使地壳减薄,地幔岩浆上涌,早期形成的花岗岩部分熔融,I型花岗岩开始向A1型花岗岩转变,使得I型花岗岩具碱性岩地球化学特征。     

An investigation into the removal of oil from rock utilising magnetic particle technology

The application of magnetic particle technology to environmental remediation has tended to focus, up to now, upon the removal of oil contamination from plumage and fur. The present research demonstrates the potential of this technology to remove oil contamination from the surface of rock. Specifically, a single treatment has been demonstrated to remove more than 80% by weight of heavy bunker oil from the surface of a common foreshore rock type. A further three treatments have been shown to result in an optimum removal of up to 94% by weight. The results are highly reproducible and offer the possibility of achieving up to 100% removal with the appropriate use of pre-conditioners.     

Effect of environmental factors on photodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the water-soluble fraction of Kuwait crude oil in seawater

Photodegradation of PAHs in the water-soluble fraction of Kuwait crude oil in seawater was investigated under various environmental factors (temperature, light intensity, oxygen levels and presence of a sensitizer) in laboratory conditions. All factors investigated had significant effect on the degradation rates of PAHs. At 15 °C almost all PAHs optimally degraded at an oxygen level of 4 ppm. For lower molecular weight PAHs a light intensity of 500 W/m² in the presence of the sensitizer worked well. Higher molecular weight PAHs degraded at faster rates at a light intensity 750 W/m². At 30 °C, most of the PAHs degraded optimally at an oxygen level of 0 ppm and light intensity of 500 or 750 W/m² in presence of the sensitizer. At 40 °C, most of PAHs degraded optimally at low oxygen concentrations (0 and 4 ppm) and a light intensity of 500 W/m² in the presence of the sensitizer. Linear regression indicated that for most of the compounds, light intensity had the greatest effect on degradation rates.     

鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油气藏形成研究现状与展望

鄂尔多斯盆地是中国规模最大的低渗透油气资源勘探与开发基地,其低渗透油气藏具有油层物性差、非均质性强、油藏成藏因素复杂、油藏分布受多种因素联合控制等特点.在回顾鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油气藏成藏理论研究和勘探历史经验基础上,认为目前鄂尔多斯盆地低渗透油气藏成藏研究存在两大理论体系,即沉积学控制成藏理论和运移动力学控制成藏理论,...     

NETPATH-WIN: An interactive user version of the mass-balance model, NETPATH

NETPATH‐WIN is an interactive user version of NETPATH, an inverse geochemical modeling code used to find mass‐balance reaction models that are consistent with the observed chemical and isotopic composition of waters from aquatic systems. NETPATH‐WIN was constructed to migrate NETPATH applications into the Microsoft WINDOWS® environment. The new version facilitates model utilization by eliminating difficulties in data preparation and results analysis of the DOS version of NETPATH, while preserving all of the capabilities of the original version. Through example applications, the note describes some of the features of NETPATH‐WIN as applied to adjustment of radiocarbon data for geochemical reactions in groundwater systems.     

鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组长4+5低渗透储层成因

碎屑岩储层成岩作用复杂而强烈,对储层物性有着重要影响。应用岩相学研究方法,在对鄂尔多斯盆地姬塬地区延长组长4+5低渗砂岩储层成岩作用及其对物性影响定量研究基础上,探讨了低渗储层成因机理。成岩作用和孔隙演化研究表明,压实作用虽然造成12%～20%的孔隙度损失,但是压实后剩余孔隙度仍高达15%～23%,早期胶结作用使孔隙度损失很小,压实作用和早期胶结作用并没有使储层致密,不影响油气渗流。溶蚀作用进一步改善了储层,晚成岩阶段A期-B期形成的钠长石、亮晶方解石、白云石、自生高龄石和铁绿泥石等大量胶结物的晚期胶结作用使储层孔隙度仅有4%～6%,储层因此而致密,由此影响油气渗流。晚期裂隙作用对储层孔隙度贡献为6%～8%,改善了储层物性而使其成为有效储层。盆地演化及与之对应的成岩事件研究认为,印支运动前,姬塬地区长4+5储层处于浅埋藏阶段,经历压实作用和早期胶结作用,早-中侏罗世长 7烃源岩进入未成熟-低熟阶段,形成富含有机酸流体进入储层而发生溶蚀作用,早白垩世中-晚期进入深埋藏成岩阶段,晚期胶结物大量形成而使储层致密。生烃增压作用导致的裂隙以及晚白垩世以来的构造运动形成的裂缝对研究区长4+5有效储层形成具有非常重要意义,同时对低渗油气藏勘探也具有指导意义。