关于地质力学发展方向的思考

顾名思义,地质力学应当是力学的一个分支,目的是解决地质学中的力学问题,属于应用力学的范畴。从地质学的角度看,它应当是地质学研究的一种工具、手段和一条途径,应当作为地质学发展的强力推进器,全面服务于地质学的发展。把地质力学视为地质学的一个分支、部门,甚至仅仅是一个大地构造学派,看小了这一门学科。     

西湖凹陷西次凹古近系花港组—平湖组深层油气成藏过程

西湖凹陷西次凹古近系花港组和平湖组深层油气资源丰富,是东海陆架盆地勘探开发新领域,受储层差异致密化影响,油气成藏机理复杂。为了厘清西次凹深层油气成藏过程,本文通过流体包裹体岩相学特征、显微测温、激光拉曼光谱、包裹体所含油气地球化学等实验分析,结合构造演化、地层埋藏史、热史等,开展了系统的储层特征、油气成藏期次、成藏过程研究。结果表明,花港组深层（>4000 m）和平湖组储层均已致密化,溶蚀孔隙是主要的储集孔隙类型;花港组和平湖组均发育两期油气包裹体,早期含油包裹体较多,晚期以天然气包裹体为主,成藏时间分别为龙井运动期和冲绳运动期,以晚期天然气成藏最为关键。包裹体中油气地球化学特征类似,反映生烃母质以高等植物生源为主,低等生物为辅,与平湖组煤系烃源岩特征一致。冲绳运动叠加平湖组生气增压是晚期天然气成藏的主要动力,此时H10段及以上储层未致密化。根据储层致密化与成藏时序匹配关系可将西次凹M构造深层油气藏类型划分为常规型、先成藏后致密型、先致密后成藏型和边成藏边致密型4种。本文成果可为研究区下一步致密砂岩气的勘探开发部署提供重要的理论依据。     

黄东海表层沉积物中磷的赋存形态和分布特征及其对生态系统的潜在影响

For better understanding the phosphorus(P) cycle and its impacts on one of the most important fishing grounds and pressures on the marine ecosystem in the Yellow Sea(YS) and East China Sea(ECS), it is essential to distinguish the contents of different P speciation in sediments and have the knowledge of its distribution and bioavailability. In this study, the modified SEDEX procedure was employed to quantify the different forms of P in sediments. The contents of phosphorus fractions in surface sediments were 0.20–0.89 μmol/g for exchangeable-P(Exch-P), 0.37–2.86 μmol/g for Fe-bound P(Fe-P), 0.61–3.07 μmol/g for authigenic Ca-P(ACa-P), 6.39–13.73μmol/g for detrital-P(DAP) and 0.54–10.06 μmol/g for organic P(OP). The distribution of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP seemed to be similar. The concentrations of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP were slightly higher in the Yellow Sea than that in the East China Sea, and low concentrations could be observed in the middle part of the ECS and southwest off Cheju Island. The distribution of ACa-P was different from those of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP. DAP was the major fraction of sedimentary P in the research region. The sum of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP may be thought to be potentially bioavailable P in the research region. The percentage of bioavailable P in TP ranged from 13% to 61%. Bioavailable P burial flux that appeared regional differences was affected by sedimentation rates, porosity and bioavailable P content, and the distribution of bioavailable P burial flux were almost the same as that of TP burial flux.     

一种基于信息网格的空间数据分解算法

针对空间数据库数据海量且分布的特点,为了能从这些空间数据中更加有效的收集信息和发现知识,介绍了基于信息网格的空间数据挖掘计算模型,在分析空间数据划分一般原则和方法的基础上,针对该计算模型给出了一个数据划分的初步算法,并通过模拟实验对算法的时间性能进行了评价与分析。     

山东海阳姜家白垩纪水南组化石的发现及保护

姜家位于山东省烟台海阳市北部。在进行烟台地区古生物化石调查的过程中,发现了姜家这一白垩纪水南组良好的露头剖面,在其页岩中赋存丰富的动植物化石,计有玉门延吉叶肢介、长壳延吉叶肢介、中华狼鳍鱼、松柏纲和银杏纲植物化石及昆虫化石。根据前人化石保护评价方法,结合化石的赋存层位、赋存条件、化石类型及保护现状,计算了海阳姜家质量综合指数,认为其属于重点保护区级别;最后根据当地自然情况及工程影响,圈定了保护区范围,并制定了相应的保护措施。     

基于ROMS模式利用集合最优插值同化沿轨海表面高度异常数据的研究

The ensemble optimal interpolation （EnOI） is applied to the regional ocean modeling system （ROMS） with the ability to assimilate the along-track sea level anomaly （TSLA）. This system is tested with an eddy-resolving system of the South China Sea （SCS）. Background errors are derived from a running seasonal ensemble to account for the seasonal variability within the SCS. A fifth-order localization function with a 250 km localization radius is chosen to reduce the negative effects of sampling errors. The data assimilation system is tested from January 2004 to December 2006. The results show that the root mean square deviation （RMSD） of the sea level anomaly decreased from 10.57 to 6.70 cm, which represents a 36.6% reduction of error. The data assimilation reduces error for temperature within the upper 800 m and for salinity within the upper 200 m, although error degrades slightly at deeper depths. Surface currents are in better agreement with trajectories of surface drifters after data assimilation. The variance of sea level improves significantly in terms of both the amplitude and position of the strong and weak variance regions after assimilating TSLA. Results with AGE error （AGE） perform better than no AGE error （NoAGE） when considering the improvements of the temperature and the salinity. Furthermore, reasons for the extremely strong variability in the northern SCS in high resolution models are investigated. The results demonstrate that the strong variability of sea level in the high resolution model is caused by an extremely strong Kuroshio intrusion. Therefore, it is demonstrated that it is necessary to assimilate the TSLA in order to better simulate the SCS with high resolution models.     

山东省蓬莱市蝎子顶金矿地质特征

蓬莱市蝎子顶金矿容矿构造为NW向断裂,具NW向成串分布的特点。NW向压扭性断裂与其派生的断裂裂隙系统是该区金矿床赋存空间的重要构造标志,构造破碎带中的钾化、硅化、黄铁绢英岩化等蚀变是一种直接找矿标志。通过对矿床地质特征的研究,认为该矿床属岩浆低中温热液充填交代蚀变岩型金矿床。     

渭河盆地前新生界分布的物探特征及油气成藏条件分析

渭河盆地是新生代断陷盆地,由地质露头剖面及钻井揭示,盆地基底为太古界及元古界深变质岩系;沉积盖层以新生界为主,局部钻遇古生界地层,沉积岩最厚超过7000 m.以往油气勘探程度较低,以新生界新近系和古近系为目的层,但未获重大发现;对古生界分布及油气成藏条件的研究尤为薄弱,因而制约了渭河盆地的油气勘探.依据区域重力、航磁资料,结合近年完成的电法及地震勘探成果,划分出盆地内前新生界分布区域,初步确定在宝鸡-咸阳断裂以北地区存在古生界,并提出盆地北部斜坡地区古生界的油气成藏模式,以利于今后的油气勘探.     

我国地质钻探现状和发展前景分析

我国经济社会发展已步入“新常态”。作为地质调查和矿产勘查工作重要技术支撑的地质钻探行业,资金投入显著减少,地质钻探工作量大幅下滑,常规钻探施工产能过剩;另一方面,地质钻探新的服务领域不断扩大,包括深部科学钻探,地热能及非常规能源勘查,海洋、灾害防治、生态环境、地外天体、极地方面的钻探等。如何应对地勘行业出现的问题,是全行业共同面对的挑战。在对当前及今后一段时期地质钻探工程面临的困难、挑战和机遇等进行调研分析的基础上,对我国地质钻探未来的发展前景进行了预测,认为地质钻探工作量将进一步减少,新领域、新业态的钻探工程及先进钻探技术和装备需求将进一步加大,更加贴近国家需求,更加注重环保理念。     

Geochronology of the Duguer range metamorphic rocks,Central Tibet: implications for the changing tectonic setting of the South Qiangtang subterrane

The Duguer area represents one of the few occurrences of high-grade metamorphic rocks in the ‘Central Uplift’ zone of the Qiangtang terrane, central Tibet. The metamorphic rocks consist mainly of orthogneiss, paragneiss, and schist. To better understand the formation of these rocks, seven samples of gneiss and schist from the Duguer area were selected for in situ zircon U–Pb analysis and Ar–Ar dating of metamorphic minerals. The results suggest two distinct metamorphic stages, during the Late Triassic (229–227 Ma) and Late Jurassic (150–149 Ma). These stages correspond to the closure of the Palaeo-Tethys Ocean and northward subduction of the Bangong–Nujiang Neo-Tethys oceanic crust, respectively. We suggest that the Late Triassic metamorphic rocks of the Duguer area in the central South Qiangtang subterrane provide evidence of continental collision between the North and South Qiangtang subterranes, following the subduction of oceanic crust. It is likely that deep subduction of oceanic crust occurred along the Longmu Co–Shuanghu–Lancangjiang suture zone (LSLSZ), which would have hindered exhumation owing to the high density of oceanic crust. Subsequent break-off and delamination of the subducted oceanic slab at ~220 Ma may have resulted in exhumation of high-pressure and high-grade metamorphic rocks in the South Qiangtang subterrane. The Late Jurassic ages of metamorphism and deformation obtained in this study indicate the occurrence of an Andean-type orogenic event within the South Qiangtang subterrane. This hypothesis is further supported by an apparent age gap in magmatic activity (150–130 Ma) along the magmatic arc, and the absence of Late Jurassic sediments.