北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷断裂系统成因的砂箱实验研究及启示

北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷的断裂系统十分复杂,为了揭示其成因机制,在三维地震资料构造解析的基础上,应用砂箱物理模拟技术,对涠西南凹陷的形成机制进行了系统研究.结果表明,南北向的"不协调伸展作用实验模型"能够成功地模拟涠西南凹陷晚始新世以来复杂的断裂系统,断裂系统的主体特征在这一实验模型中均得到了很好的再现.涠两南凹陷复杂的断裂系统是在基底先1竽构造基础之上,在递进变形过程中逐渐形成的,其裂陷期(晚始新世一渐新世)断裂系统是在一个伸展期内形成(南北向伸展)、并非是多期构造叠加变形的结果.这一认识不但能够有效地指导涠西南凹陷三维地震资料的精细构造解释,同时也能够为南海周缘盆地的形成和演化研究提供借鉴.     

我国干旱区生态需水若干问题评述

生态需水是当前水问题研究中的一个热点问题,对于生态环境急剧恶化的我国内陆干旱区,这一研究尤为紧迫.目前生态需水尚无明确统一的定义,研究方法也因人而异.归纳了已有的生态需水的相关概念和干旱区生态需水研究的主要成果、研究方法等.从概念主体角度,区分了生态需水、环境需水、生态环境需水之间的关系,并对     

安徽明光石坝地区新近纪地层层序的厘定

安徽明光石坝地区新近纪地层划分方案不一 ,通过地层剖面的测制和利用构造—岩性—岩相法进行地质填图 ,系统采集 ESR测年样 ,并结合区域对比 ,自下而上将该区新近纪地层划分为下草湾组、桂五组。其中下草湾组为原“下草湾组”的下段 ,时代为中新世 ;桂五组则包括原“下草湾组”的上段 ,时代为上新世。     

The Major Two-stage Shortening Deformation of the Northern Tibet and Tian Shan Area Since the Latest Oligocene

It seems to be progressively recognized that the stress of the India-Asia convergent front can be transferred rapidly through the southern and central Tibetan lithosphere to the northern Tibet, hence leading to the crustal thickening deformation there during or immediately after the onset of the India-Asia collision(ca.55 Ma).This study focuses on the late Cenozoic deformation and tectonic uplift of the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area.Detailed compilations of a variety of proxy data from sediments and bedrocks suggest that the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area underwent one stage of approximately synchronous widespread contractile deformation since 25–20 Ma, which seemed to decrease at circa 18 Ma as revealed by low-temperature thermochronological data.The latest Oligocene-early Miocene was also significant basin-forming episodes when many intermontane subbasins began to receive syntectonic sedimentation in the northeastern Tibet.Subsequently, the other phase of compressional deformation began to encroach more widely into the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area in episodic steps or continuously from 16–12 Ma to present.     

阿尔泰构造带喀纳斯群时代的厘定及其意义

喀纳斯群分布于阿尔泰构造带西北部阿勒泰-青河韧性剪切带以北地区,是一套巨厚的浅变质陆源碎屑岩.由于喀纳斯群时代争议较大,该套地层所具有的大地构造意义一直存在不同的认识.本文通过对采自喀纳斯群的碎屑锆石及侵入到喀纳斯群的变质花岗岩体锆石U-Pb定年,获得了其沉积的下限和上限年龄,基本上限定了喀纳斯群的时代范围.喀纳斯群碎屑岩最年轻的碎屑锆石年龄为550±18Ma,而侵入喀纳斯群的变质花岗岩体的锆石岩浆结晶年龄为523±19Ma.因此,确定喀纳斯群沉积时代为晚震旦世-早寒武世(523～550Ma).喀纳斯群是一套形成于被动大陆边缘环境的复理石沉积,本文获得的喀纳斯群时代,暗示着阿尔泰构造带存在前寒武纪大陆地壳基底.     

国冻差变化分析处理

本文提出国冻差的概念,对国冻差变化进行了分析,追述了冻结基面的由来和现行规范的规定,提出了国冻差处理不当的解决办法.通过分析得出结论:冻结基面是唯一的、不变的.绝对基面是变化的,绝对基面变化国冻差变化;同一个绝对基面被采用时期国冻差不变.     

兰州市职住空间组织特征

以兰州市为实证研究对象,基于2010年兰州市内1 500份家庭调查问卷数据基础上,利用地理信息系统技术,对兰州市居民的职住空间组织特征进行实证研究。研究发现兰州市居民的居住地和就业地之间的平均距离为2.34 km,有一半居民的通勤距离在1 km内,和北京、上海、广州等东部大城市相比,兰州市的通勤距离比较短,还没有出现类似东部大城市的职住分离比较突出的现象。兰州市作为多中心、带状组团城市,各组团内部就业与居住基本平衡,居民通勤多以本组团内部的通勤行为为主,没有出现大规模的跨区通勤,各组团居民的通勤行为具有“近多远少”特点。各组团职住空间特征存在明显的差异,城关区和安宁区的平均通勤距离较短,七里河和西固区的平均通勤距离较长。职住空间组织特征与城市中居住功能和就业功能的空间差异有关。城关区属于单向外来通勤流为主的区域、七里河区属于双向通勤流比较平衡的区域、安宁区和西固区属于单向外出通勤流为主的区域。     

新疆和田地区耕地面源污染生态风险评价

随着化肥、农膜等在农业生产中的过量投入,耕地面源污染的程度随之加重。文章选取塔里木河流域上游和田地区为研究区域,依据P-S-R框架理论,构建和田地区耕地面源污染生态风险评价指标体系,加入土壤理化数据,使用生态风险评价模型对和田地区1980 年及2016 年耕地面源污染状况进行生态风险评价,运用耕地生态风险模型、生态风险转移矩阵、Arcgis分析和田地区耕地面源污染时空分异状况。研究结论如下：和田地区1980 年耕地生态风险等级均为II级或III级,呈“中间高,两侧低”分布;2016 年耕地生态风险等级上升至IV级或V级,呈“倒W型”分布,各县耕地面源污染程度较1980 年均有较大幅度的上升,其中墨玉县和于田县在2016 年耕地生态风险等级达到最高的V级,而民丰县因自身生态环境的强脆弱性,同样需要提高关注。根据面源污染“从源头治理”的原则,应切实推进和田地区耕地生态环境保护与治理,提高政府重视程度,增强技术指导,开展试点工作,改善和田地区耕地面源污染现状。     

中国综合气候变化风险区划

气候变化作用于自然环境与社会经济系统,产生一系列影响。随着未来社会经济发展,气候变化危险性与自然环境和社会经济承险体耦合形成有规律的风险时空格局。将此时空格局系统化表达即是综合气候变化风险区划,是适应气候变化的科学基础之一。本文基于RCP 8.5下的近中期（2021-2050年）气候情景,分析了中国未来气温和降水变化趋势与速率,评价了干旱、高温热浪以及洪涝等极端事件危险性,选取人口、经济、粮食生产和生态系统等承险体风险作为综合风险定量评估的指标。在系统性、主导因素以及空间连续性原则的指导下,提出中国综合气候变化风险区划三级区域系统方案,划分出8个气候变化敏感区、19个极端事件危险区和46个承险体综合风险区。结果发现：2021-2050年RCP 8.5情景下中国的气候变化高风险区主要包括：华北弱暖增雨敏感区,华北平原热浪危险区,人口经济粮食高风险区;华南—西南弱暖增雨敏感区,黔滇山地热浪危险区,生态经济粮食人口高风险区;华南沿海涝热危险区,生态粮食经济人口高风险区。中国综合气候变化风险区划涵盖了气候变化情景、极端事件发生、社会经济与生态系统的可能损失信息,可以为国家或地方应对气候变化及气候变化风险管理提供科技支撑。     

基于PS-DR-DP理论模型的区域资源环境承载力综合评价（英文）

The concepts of regional resources and environmental carrying capacity are important aspects of both academic inquiry and government policy. Although notable results have been achieved in terms of evaluating both these variables, most researchers have utilized a traditional analytical method that incorporates the "pressure-state-response" model. A new approach is proposed in this study for the comprehensive evaluation of regional resources and environmental carrying capacity; applying a "pressure-support", "destructiveness-resilience", and "degradation-promotion"("PS-DR-DP") hexagon interaction theoretical model, we divided carrying capacity into these three pairs of interactive forces which correspond with resource supporting ability, environmental capacity, and risk-disaster resisting ability, respectively. Negative carrying capacity load in this context was defined to include pressure, destructiveness, and degradation, while support, resilience, and promotion comprised positive attributes. The status of regional carrying capacity was then determined via the ratio between positive and negative contribution values, expressed in terms of changes in both hexagonal shape and area that result from interactive forces. In order to test our "PS-DR-DP" theory-based model, we carried out a further empirical study on Beijing over the period between 2010 and 2015. Analytical results also revealed that the city is now close to attaining a perfect state for both resources and environmental carrying capacity; the latter state in Beijing increased from 1.0143 to 1.1411 between 2010 and 2015, an improved carrying capacity despite the fact that population increased by two million. The average contribution value also reached 0.7025 in 2015, indicating that the city approached an optimal loading threshold at this time but still had space for additional carrying capacity. The findings of our analysis provide theoretical support to enable the city of Beijing to control population levels below 23 million by 2020.