Chemical forms of heavy metal contaminants in sediments of Miyun reservoir

The chemical forms, spatial distribution and sources of As, Hg, Cd, Pb and Zn in sediments of the Miyun reservoir were studied. The results of sequential extraction demonstrate that most of As, Pb and Zn were bound to the residual fraction, Hg was associated with the sulfide fraction while Cd was associated with the carbonate fraction and the residual fraction. On the vertical profiles the concentrations of the heavy metals in total and each fractions mostly decreased with increasing depths in sediments, suggesting that the heavy metals input from the upstream watershed increases yearly. Summation of the residual fraction, the sulfide fraction and the carbonate fraction accounts for 60.03%―85.60% of the total heavy metal contents in the sediments, which represent the geochemical background values of the elements and relate closely to soil erosion. Results of the main factor analysis show that most sediments of the reservoir come from the upstream soil erosion, the point source pollution and domestic waste. Moreover, the microbial activities taking place on the sediment-water interface are also one of the major factors to cause the increasing content of the organic matter fraction and the iron-manganese oxide fraction. Environmental change of the reservoir water could make the removability of the heavy metals increase, leading to the increase of their concentrations in pore water in sediments, and imperiling water quality of the reservoir.     

河南内乡-淅川-带的虎睛石矿床及开发利用

研究区虎睛石矿床在地质特征、矿物组合、化学成分及琢雕效果等方面与国外虎睛石矿床是完全不同的，属于一种特殊的罕见类型。在分析虎睛石地质特征、开发利用现状的基础上，认为该区的虎睛石资源丰富，琢雕效果好，在国内外市场上具有一定的竞争力和良好的开发利用前景。     

GIS中矢量与栅格数据模型比较

由于GIS软件的多样性，每种软件都有自己特定的数据模型，从数据结构上来说，矢量和栅格是地理信息系统中两种主要的空间数据结构。本文通过对栅格数据与矢量数据模型的应用比较．对于空间数据从需求分析，以满足对数据信息进行更改、更新、增加或者为了某种特定的需要。     

磐石圈岭透闪石矿床特征及开发前景

圈岭透闪石矿床位于磐石——双阳褶争束东南段，产于中酸性岩浆岩与石嘴子组碳酸盐沉积建造的接触蚀变带内，属矽卡岩型矿床，矿石类型以透辉透闪石矿为主，主要应用于陶瓷工业。     

三峡水库区巫山新县城库岸综合治理设计回顾

三峡水库区巫山新县域库岸综合治理工程范围内涉及到滑坡、泥石流、塌岸等多种地质灾害。治理工程综合运用了多种技术与结构措拖，工程的复杂性和典型性在整个三峡库区具有极强的代表意义。笔者对整个治理方案的布置情况进行了归纳总结，并以翔实的第一手资料对治理工程设计过程中出现的几种典型问题一一进行了分析与论述．提出了相应的解决方案与合理化建议。结论认为，库岸综合治理工作，必须根据不同的地形特征，结合城区总体布局及沿线市政工程建设，综合考虑，有机结合，做到治理和利用相结合，最大限度地改善新城建设用地环境和城市生态环境。设计人员必须依照现场实际条件进行动态设计，确保工程方案合理、可靠、经济。文中讨论的问题和实践经检对同类工程具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Fractionation mechanism of stable isotope in evaporating water body

Under Rayleigh equilibrium condition, stable isotopic ratio in residual water increases with the decrease of the residual water proportion f exponentially, and the fractionation rate of stable isotopes is inversely proportional to temperature. However, under kinetic evaporation condition, the fractionation of stable isotopes is not only related to the phase temperature but also influenced by the atmospheric humidity and the mass exchange between liquid and vapor phases. The ratio δ in residual water will not change with f after undergoing evaporation of a long time for great relative humidity. The rate that the evaporating water body reaches isotopic steady state is mainly dependent on the relative humidity in atmosphere. The analysis shows that the actual mean linear variety rates, about -30.0, of the δ18O in residual water versus the residual water proportion at Nagqu and Amdo stations are consistent with the simulated process under temperature of 20 oC and relative humidity of 50%. The distillation line simulated under Rayleigh equilibrium condition is analogous to the global meteoric water line (MWL) as the temperature is about 20 oC. Under non-equilibrium condition, the slope and constant values of distillation line are directly proportional to temperature and relative humidity. According to the basic data, the simulated distillation line is very consistent with the actual distillation line of Qinghai Lake.     

黄沙坪铅锌银多金属矿床硫铅同位素地球化学特征

对黄沙坪矿床硫化物期矿物进行矿物包裹体温度和成分测定，并进行热力学计算，获得毒砂－闪锌矿阶段成矿温度为300°，logfCO2为0.4～1.4；logfCH4为－2.05～2.07logfH2O为1.67～1.93；logfO2为－32.87～－38.39。对矽卡岩期和硫化物期硫化物进行硫同位素测定，获得矽卡岩期黄铁矿的δ34S为4.1‰～4.6‰； 硫化物期硫化物的δ34S为6.2‰～17.5‰，并具有δ34SSp大于δ34SGn和两组δ34SΣs值。对长石、方铅矿和闪锌矿进行了铅同位素测定，获得长石的206Pb/204Pb比值为18.429～19.305，207Pb/204Pb比值为15.598～15.905；208Pb/204Pb比值为38.647～39.235。方铅矿和闪锌矿的206Pb/204Pb比值为18.00～18.772，207Pb/204Pb比值为15.580～16.045，208Pb/204Pb比值为38.490～41.560，并呈线性排列，显示矿床硫铅是两种以上的物质来源。     

沙坡头没蒿和柠条叶片δ13C 和 N 含量的季节变化特征

通过对腾格里沙漠东南缘沙坡头人工固沙区油蒿和柠条叶片稳定碳同位素分辨率（△）和N 含量的测定，研究了不同种植方式下油蒿和柠条叶片△ 和 N 含量的季节变化及其关系。结果表明：在不同种植方式下，两种植物的△ 与 N 含量在不同月份之间均存在显著差异。油蒿叶片 △ 极显著高于柠条的：在不同种植方式下，油蒿单种下 △ 显著高于混种，柠条则反之。 油蒿叶片 N 含量极显著低于柠条的：不同种植方式下柠条叶片 N 含量无显著差异，而单种油蒿叶片 N 含量则显著低于混种。在 △ 与 N 含量的关系中，柠条叶片 △ 与 N 在两种生境、单种和混种下均极显著正相关，雨明柠条叶片 N 含量可以作为其 △ 与 N 含量的季节变化及其关系在不同微生境有所差异。     

北京石花洞地区奥陶纪灰岩36Cl侵蚀速率初探

本文根据理论上灰岩中36Cl的5个来源，论述了36Cl在灰岩深度剖面上的4个分布特征，描述了36Cl的采样方法和AMS的分析技术。计算出北京石花洞地区奥陶纪（O2）灰岩的表面侵蚀速度（ε=17.40μm/a）。     

惰性气体法测定地下水入渗补给量

地下水入渗补给量是重要的水文地质参数。本文介绍了测定地下水入渗补给量的最新方法——惰性气体法的原理与方法，该方法适用于封闭条件下的深层地下水。