三姑泉域水环境质量评价及水污染控制对策

为确保三姑泉域水资源的可持续开发利用,采用常规方法对泉域水环境质量进行了评价。结果表明:三姑泉域的地表水和地下水已不同程度遭受污染,水环境的污染与煤矿开采以及工业废水和生活污水的不合理排放有关。结合当地实际提出水污染控制对策。研究成果为三姑泉域水资源管理和保护提供科学依据。     

塔里木盆地中—下奥陶统层序地层研究

运用地震、测井等手段,结合岩石学、生物地层学地层对比方法,将塔里木盆地中—下奥陶统层序划分为1个二级层序(SSQ6),4个三级层序:SQ1、SQ2、SQ3、SQ4。对层序地层、沉积相特征研究发现,构造运动、海平面升降和古气候变化为塔里木盆地中—下奥陶统层序发育主要控制因素。     

Stratigraphy and Geochronology of Vertebrate Fossil‐Bearing Jurassic Strata from Linglongta,Jianchang County,Western Liaoning,Northeastern China

Northeastern China contains widely distributed Jurassic terrestrial strata that have yielded many spectacular mammal and pterosaur fossils, in addition to feathered dinosaur fossils and more recent discoveries from Jianchang, particularly from western Liaoning. However, the fossil-bearing stratigraphic succession, regional correlation, and age estimates of the fossils found in Jianchang County and nearby areas have been contentious. Here, we report on the vertebrate fossil-bearing Jurassic stratigraphy from Linglongta, Jianchang County, western Liaoning, including a SHRIMP U-Pb zircon date unambiguously associated with the fossil horizons. The primary goal was to determine the vertebrate fossil-bearing succession. A further aim was to provide age estimations for the fossil-bearing horizon as well as the earliest appearance of feathered dinosaurs, the eutherian–placental clade, and transitional pterosaurs. Field investigations showed that the vertebrate fossil-bearing stratigraphic succession in Jianchang County mainly consists of basal andesites overlain by rhythmic tuffs and tuffaceous lacustrine sediments, with the upper intermediate or acidic lavas interbedded with laminated more or less tuffaceous lacustrine deposits. This sequence correlates well with the Middle Jurassic Lanqi/Tiaojishan Formation in northeastern China. Detailed and accurate field observations showed that the well-preserved vertebrate fossils were buried in either the middle or the upper fine-grained laminated lacustrine deposits. Previous and current SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dates provide an age estimation of 161–159 Myr for the fossil-bearing horizon and vertebrates. This indicates that the earliest appearance of feathered dinosaurs here was more than 159 Myr ago and unquestionably older than Archaeopteryx from Germany, making these the earliest known feathered dinosaurs in the world. Furthermore, the eutherian–placental clade and the known transitional pterosaurs first emerged no later than 161 Myr. The vertebrate assemblage unearthed recently from Linglongta and neighboring areas in Jianchang County belongs to the Daohugou Biota. In addition to feathered dinosaurs, this biota was characterized by mammals, primitive pterosaurs, insects, and plants and was present in Inner Mongolia, western Liaoning, and northern Hebei in northeastern China during the Middle–Late Jurassic.     

鄂尔多斯盆地榆北气田山2段砂岩储层特征

通过18口井的岩心观察和测井资料分析、85件铸体薄片的鉴定、24块样品的扫描电镜观察、271组物性数据的统计,对鄂尔多斯盆地榆北气田山2段砂岩储层特征进行研究,结果表明:该套储层曾遭受低温热液改造,次生孔隙发育,长石几乎被完全溶解;储集空间以剩余原生粒间孔、粒间溶孔和微裂缝组合为主,粘土矿物晶间微孔对储层也有贡献;储层发育受沉积相、碎屑成分、成岩和构造作用共同影响,其中有利的沉积微相控制了储层空间分布;碎屑成分和粒度与储层物性好坏有直接关系,是形成储层的物质基础;成岩作用对储层的影响有利有弊,压实和胶结作用可使原生孔隙大部分丧失,而热液溶蚀作用形成的次生孔隙,可大幅度提高储层的孔渗性,是形成优质储层的关键.     

湖南慈利溪口震旦系陡山沱组震积岩的发现及其地质意义

湘西慈利溪口地区震旦系陡山沱组地层中首次发现碳酸盐岩原地震积岩。笔者通过剖面实测,详细观察和描述,结合构造背景,识别出阶梯状层内断层、液化碳酸盐岩脉、液化角砾岩、负荷构造以及微褶纹理等典型的震积软沉积变形构造的地质记录;震积序列在剖面结构上显示自下而上由下伏未震动层-阶梯状层内断层-微褶皱层-液化碳酸盐岩层-液化角砾岩层-上覆未震动层的渐变过程及震积作用逐渐衰减的趋势。震积岩发育的层位在时空上显示良好的可对比性,反映陡山沱期晚期构造活动强烈,并具备多旋回、多周期的特点。构造的活跃加速了有机碳库的氧化,为该时期多细胞生物的繁盛和大规模的成磷成矿作用奠定了基础;同时保存完好的震积地层记录对推断研究区的古沉积环境也具有重要意义。     

西峰油田长8储层无机垢结垢规律及解堵措施效果

针对西峰油田长8储层无机垢堵塞严重、注水压力高、注不进等问题,采用结垢趋势预测、静态和动态模拟法对西峰油田长8储层注水过程中的无机垢结垢规律和成分进行研究。实验结果表明:长8储层地层水和注入水配伍性较差,当地层水与注入水比例为9:1时结垢最为严重;实验产生和现场取得的垢样成分主要为碳酸钙;实验室筛选的ZG0501型阻垢剂阻垢效果较好,72 h阻垢率为63.20%;现场解堵措施所用的酸液可以起到很好的解堵、降压增注效果。     

张集水源地水质评价研究

分别采用基于熵权法的模糊综合评判法和EPA健康风险评价法对徐州市张集水源地进行水质评价。结果表明:采用基于熵权法的模糊综合评判法对水源地水质进行评价,10个监测点中,符合Ⅰ类水质的有9个,符合Ⅱ类水质的有1个,水源地水质较好;影响水源地水质的主要污染因子是亚硝酸盐、CODMn、氟化物、砷、硝酸盐、六价铬和铅;污染物的合计危害指数呈逐年增大的趋势,但均未超过1;针对水质问题,应加强点污染源的监察力度,保证废水达标排放,对农业进行产业结构调整,减少农药化肥的使用。     

大陆造山带基底岩块中的基性岩墙群研究——以南秦岭武当地块为例

基性岩墙群是大陆和大陆造山带内发育的特殊地质体,包含丰富的地球动力学信息。造山带内基底岩块是造山作用过程卷入造山带的外来或原地地块（陆块）,基底岩块中基性岩墙群的发育及其变形、变质特征,既为造山带内存在古老陆块和古陆块的裂离提供了证据,也为造山过程的构造动力学研究提供了重要信息。加强造山带基底岩块中基性岩墙群的多学科综合研究,对于探讨大陆造山带的形成、演化及其动力学过程具重要意义。     

地球轨道旋回沉积节律研究进展——兼论轨道旋回的沉积学特征、年代学意义和研究方法

地球轨道旋回是古代沉积记录中常见的由地球轨道参数变动控制的沉积节律,它不仅自身表现显著的节律性,而且通过反馈体系强烈影响着沉积作用。同时,轨道旋回节律在不同的沉积背景下以不同的沉积特征显现和规则性叠加。地球轨道旋回赋有的规则频率变化特征又使其具有年代学意义和应用价值,它是天文地质学、地层学及沉积学研究的重点内容。根据国内外资料综述了这些方面的研究进展,并探讨了地球轨道旋回的研究方法。     

我国西部祁连山区的古海洋地壳及其大地构造意义

祁连山是我国西部的重要山系之一。解放后,在伟大领袖毛主席和中国共产党的英明领导下,不仅进行了大量矿产普查、勘探工作,而且广泛开展了区域地质调查,特别是无产阶级文化大革命以来,积累了丰富的实际资料。综合本区历年的地质成果,结合本人近年的实际观察,我们发现祁连山具有典型的古板块构造特点。本文试图从岩石和大地构造学出发,对祁连山古海洋地壳的空间分布和时代及其构造演化作一概略分析,并进而探讨板块构造在祁连山的细部表现。