上海地区扁铲侧胀试验计算地基承载力的探讨

通过对扁铲侧胀试验和试验机理的研究和对试验指数的对比分析 ,提出了用扁铲侧胀试验计算地基承载力的方法 ;利用上海地区部分重大工程中的扁铲侧胀试验数据 ,在与室内土工试验、静力触探试验及十字板剪切试验的相关分析的基础上 ,经数理统计后给出了上海地区用扁铲侧胀试验计算地基承载力的经验公式。最后 ,通过与室内土工试验、静力触探试验和十字板剪切试验计算的地基承载力对比 ,分析了本经验公式计算地基承载力的精度。研究分析表明 ,可以用扁铲侧胀试验计算地基承载力     

潮河流域降水-径流关系变化及驱动因子识别

基于1973-2010年长系列日降水、径流数据,利用降水径流双累积曲线、M-K统计检验和降水集中度等方法,结合HIMS模型模拟结果,分析了潮河流域降水-径流关系的变化及其原因。得到的主要结论如下：（1）近38年来,潮河流域降水变化较小,但径流下降趋势显著,降水-径流关系发生了两次突变,即在1973-1983年、1984-1998年和1999-2010年三个阶段降水-径流关系存在明显差异;（2）大雨日降水总和（P_≥20）与径流深关系较为密切,其变化是导致降水-径流关系在1983年发生突变的主要驱动因子;（3）HIMS模型模拟结果显示,1999-2010年潮河流域下垫面条件较前两阶段变化明显,人类活动引起的减水效应由第二阶段的14.93%增加至第三阶段的25.78%,人类活动是导致降水-径流关系在1998年发生突变的主要驱动因子。     

三次黑潮大弯曲形成机制的分析

通过对HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM)高分辨率海洋环流模式(1/12°)数值模拟结果的分析发现,该模式对1993—2003年的模拟结果出现了3次显著的黑潮大弯曲现象。研究表明,日本以南这3次黑潮大弯曲路径的形成与2种机制有关:沿30°N西传的海洋Rossby波将太平洋145°E附近海面高度正异常信号传到九州岛东南海域是第二次黑潮大弯曲的主要形成机制;而冲绳海槽北部海水的位势涡度负异常则有利于九州岛东南反气旋再循环流海域海面高度正异常,有助于第一次和第三次黑潮大弯曲路径的形成。     

近30a北极平流层臭氧的季节和年际变化特征

综合利用1978-2011年TOMS（Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer）和OMI（Ozone Monitoring Instrument）臭氧总量资料,MLS（Microwave Limb Sounder）臭氧廓线资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析气象场资料,对比研究了近30a南北极臭氧总量的年际变化和季节变化差异,重点分析了2010/2011年冬末春初北极臭氧出现的异常损耗现象,探讨北极春季臭氧低值产生的原因。结果表明：与南极地区一年四季都保持一个臭氧低值中心明显不同,北极臭氧总量的减少则是伴随着整个春夏季（4-8月）,在秋季（10月）达到最低值,冬季（11月-次年2月）北极臭氧快速恢复,这主要是由于南北半球极地地区环流差异和温度差异造成的。南北两极年均O3总量呈下降趋势,两极地区O3总量年际变化最大的季节是春季。近30a,北极在1997和2011年春季（3-4月）分别达到极低值355DU和361DU,但近年来两极臭氧年际变化趋势不明显。2011年春季,北极地区出现的较严重臭氧低值现象从3月中旬至4月中旬持续了近1个月,2010/2011年冬春季平流层低温和臭氧低值对应关系很好。     

Effects of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region,China

The first-stage of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region (TRSR), China, has been in progress for eight years. However, because the ecological effects of this project remain unknown, decision making for future project implementation is hindered. Thus, in this study, we developed an index system to evaluate the effects of the ecological restoration project, by integrating field observations, remote sensing, and process-based models. Effects were assessed using trend analyses of ecosystem structures and services. Results showed positive trends in the TRSR since the beginning of the project, but not yet a return to the optima of the 1970s. Specifically, while continued degradation in grassland has been initially contained, results are still far from the desired objective, ‘grassland coverage increasing by an average of 20%–40%’. In contrast, wetlands and water bodies have generally been restored, while the water conservation and water supply capacity of watersheds have increased. Indeed, the volume of water conservation achieved in the project meets the objective of a 1.32 billion m³ increase. The effects of ecological restoration inside project regions was more significant than outside, and, in addition to climate change projects, we concluded that the implementation of ecological conservation and restoration projects has substantially contributed to vegetation restoration. Nevertheless, the degradation of grasslands has not been fundamentally reversed, and to date the project has not prevented increasing soil erosion. In sum, the effects and challenges of this first-stage project highlight the necessity of continuous and long-term ecosystem conservation efforts in this region.     

常用GPS载波相位差分电文格式分析与比较

介绍了差分GPS传输载波相位差分信息的常用电文格式，比较了其优缺点，提出了在低带宽的条件下更适合采用CMR格式的结论。     

一种基于事件的双序列时空数据模型

针对现有时空数据模型研究中存在的诸多不足,特别是基于事件的时空模型缺乏以空间对象个体为单位的时空变化贯穿式表达能力等缺点,提出一种基于事件的双序列时空数据模型,将状态变化与空间对象的变化用双重序列表达,用序列存储对象的变化解决了现有时空数据模型基于空间对象个体时空变化信息表达能力弱的问题。实验表明,该模型可有效用于时空数据管理。     

Utilization of water resources,ecological balance and land desertification in the Tarim Basin,Xinjiang

Because of the human exploitation and utilization of water resources in the Tarim Basin, the water resources consumption has changed from mainly natural ecosystem to artificial oasis ecosystem, and the environment has changed correspondingly. The basic changes are: desertification and oasis development coexist, both “the human being advance and the desert retreat” and “the desert advance and the human being retreat” coexist, but the latter is dominant. In the upper reaches, water volume drawing to irrigated agricultural areas has increased, artificial oases have been enlarging and moving from the deltas in the lower reaches of many rivers to the piedmont plains. In the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River, the stream flow has decreased, old oases have declined, natural vegetations have been degenerating, desertification has been enlarging, and the environment has deteriorated. The transition regions, which consist of forestlands, grasslands and waters between the desert and the oases, have been decreasing continuously, their shelter function to the oases has been weakened, and the desert is threatening the oases seriously.     

CT引导下20G切割式穿刺活检针在胸部病变活检中的临床应用

目的:探讨CT引导下20G切割式穿刺活检针在胸部病变活检中的临床应用价值,并分析并发症情况。材料和方法:回顾性分析资料完整的72例CT引导下胸部穿刺活检病例,所用的活检器材均为20G切割式穿刺活检针。纵隔病变5例,胸膜病变5例,肺部病变62例。统计穿刺活检诊断准确性,恶性病变诊断敏感性、特异性,分析并发症及其影响因素。结果:穿刺活检病理诊断为恶性病变58例,良性病变8例,非特异性诊断6例,后均经手术切除、临床治疗或随访证实。穿刺活检诊断准确率95.8%(66/72),恶性病变诊断敏感性95.1%(58/61),特异性为100%(11/11),无假阳性病例。6例(8.3%)发生并发症:气胸4例,肺泡出血1例,少量咯血1例。结论:采用20G切割式穿刺活检针进行CT引导下经皮胸部穿刺活检准确率高、并发症少,具有较高的临床价值。     

频率域航空电磁系统一次磁场自动补偿技术

为了提高三频航空电磁系统(FAEM)测量的自动化程度,设计实现了基于模糊控制和线性增量控制方法相结合的电磁补偿系统,来完成高精度、高稳定性、大动态范围的电磁补偿.以航空电磁接收机输出的电磁场实、虚分量值为控制的输入参量,以补偿线圈内的补偿电流为控制对象,80C52单片机为控制芯片,采用FFSI法推理程序实现补偿量的模糊控制,从而实现一次场和涡流场的实时程控补偿.航空电磁系统实验飞行数据表明,该控制系统可以快速实现一次磁场的实时高精度补偿,稳定性和补偿噪声水平能满足系统设计要求.