基于AHP和模糊综合评判的玛纳斯河流域水资源安全评价

利用AHP（层次分析）和模糊综合评判法,结合2006年玛纳斯河流域土地利用和水资源数据库,并参考流域内各地自然、经济、社会统计资料,选取了4大类20个评价指标对水资源安全进行了综合评价。结果表明,玛纳斯河流域水资源处于不安全水平,其隶属度为0.4699,综合评分值为0.5291;生态安全指数和供需状况指数分别处于基本安全和比较安全水平,水资源量指数和社会经济指数皆处于不安全水平状态。因此,应提高流域的经济技术发展水平和水资源的利用效率,加强水资源的综合管理,控制人口增长,协调好上、下游之间及源流与干流之间的用水关系,以保障流域水资源的安全程度。     

The effect of sidewall roughness on the shaft resistance of rock-socketed piles

Piles socketed into rock are increasingly used to support loads from large-span bridges and heavy buildings. Peak side resistance is typically related to unconfined compressive strength, sidewall roughness and rock mass quality. This paper presents the results of tests on piles socketed in a weak, artificial rock made of sand, cement, gypsum powder and water. The test results are compared with methods of estimation in which the roughness of the pile–rock interface is modeled explicitly by assuming sinusoidal undulations along the interface. The testing program includes 10 model piles. Some of these piles have nonzero base resistance; others are unsupported at the base. The results indicate that both the degree of roughness of the socket sidewall and the base stiffness are of major importance to the load response of rock-socketed piles. The ultimate unit side resistance was observed to increase substantially with both increasing sidewall roughness and increasing base stiffness, but there is an upper limit to socket roughness beyond which very little increase in side resistance can be obtained. Most of the available correlations used to predict the ultimate side resistance of rock-socketed piles produced conservative estimates for the test piles in this study.     

内蒙古克什克腾旗花岗岩石林的发现及成因

在内蒙克什克腾旗的北大山地区首次发现一种花岗岩形成的石林，钱方等命名为花岗岩石林。花岗岩石林是一种新型的地貌景观，石林主要分布在海拔1700m左右的一些山脊上，石林相对高5～20m，座座石峰，千姿百态，造型奇特，美不胜收。当地蒙古语称此石林为“阿斯哈图”，即险峻的岩石之意。花岗岩石林由燕山期花岗岩形成，水平节理和垂直节理发育，这些节理裂隙为花岗岩石林地貌形成奠定了基础。第四纪以来，大兴安岭地区发生过多次古冰川作用，形成了众多的冰川遗迹，如山脊上发育了由花岗岩构成的冰川遗迹一刃脊和角峰，这些冰川遗迹也就是花岗岩石林形成的雏形。同时，花岗岩受到冰川和流水侵蚀，特别是长期强烈的寒冻风化及风蚀等作用，在内、外动力综合作用下逐渐形成了现今独特的花岗岩石林。北大山花岗岩石林以其独特地质特征和观赏价值，而成为克什克腾世界地质公园的主要园区之一。     

Numerical Simulation and Comparison Study of the Atmospheric Intraseasonal Oscillation

Daily mean outputs for 12 yr (1978-1989) from two general circulation models (SAMIL-R42L9 and CAM2.0.2) are analyzed and compared with the corresponding NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset, and results in two models show clearly that the root-mean square errors (RMSEs) from the simulation of intraseasonal oscillation can take 30-40 percent of the total RMSE, particularly, the distributions of the RMSE in simulating intraseasonal oscillation are almost identical with that of the total RMSE. The maximum RMSE of intraseasonal oscillation height at 500 hPa is shown in the middle latitude regions, but there are also large RMSEs of intraseasonal oscillation wind over the tropical western Pacific and tropical Indian Oceans. The simulated ISO energy in the tropic has very large difference from the result of the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis dataset which means the simulation of tropical atmospheric ISO still possesses serious insufficiency. Therefore, intraseasonal oscillation in the weather and climate numerical simulation is very important, and thus, how to improve the ability of the GCM to simulate the intraseasonal oscillation becomes very significant.     

滇池湖滨带叶绿素a与营养盐空间分布特征

为探讨滇池湖滨带叶绿素a与营养盐空间分布特征及其对滇池水体富营养化的影响,在滇池湖滨带设置21个采样点进行水质调查,采集滇池水样,分析测定总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、化学需氧量(CODCr)、叶绿素a(Chla)和悬浮固体(SS)。结果表明:滇池湖滨带水体TN、TP、CODCr、Chla、SS浓度均值的空间分布存在差异,叶绿素a空间分布呈现北高南低,西高东低的趋势。滇池湖滨带的北部和东部水体Chla与TN极显著相关,TN具有强变异性。南部和西部TN与CODCr、TP显著相关,南部Chla与营养盐空间变异性较小,污染风险相对较小。按照"一区一策"的原则,滇池北部和东部湖滨带富营养化以控制TN的水平为主,南部、西部的富营养化防控则需要控制整体营养盐元素浓度。     

湖南川口印支期花岗岩成因及与钨成矿关系

川口花岗岩体位于南岭成矿带北西侧,赋存有大型川口钨矿床.川口花岗岩主要由二长花岗岩和白云母花岗岩组成,具有高硅、富碱的特点,属高钾钙碱性系列,为分异的S型花岗岩.SHRIMP锆石U-Pb同位素测年与辉钼矿Re-Os同位素测年表明,川口花岗岩体中细粒含斑二云母二长花岗岩成岩年龄为223.1±2.6 Ma,成矿年龄为225.8±1.2 Ma,表明其成岩成矿时代为印支期.元素地球化学及Sr、Nd同位素特征表明:川口花岗岩来源于古元古代泥质岩的部分熔融,形成于印支期陆内伸展-减薄的构造环境.川口花岗岩与钨矿床在时空上高度吻合,钨矿与花岗岩的Y/Ho比值相近,且两者在Y-Ho图解上显示出良好的线性关系,结合钨矿石中Re同位素和流体包裹体氧同位素组成特征,认为川口花岗岩岩浆经历了高度分离结晶,产生了富挥发分的成矿流体而形成钨矿.作为华南地区印支期花岗岩成岩成矿事件的典型实例,川口花岗岩与川口钨矿指示了华南地区印支期花岗岩具备较大的钨矿成矿潜力.     

Multiscale Combined Action and Disturbance Characteristics of Pre-summer Extreme Precipitation Events over South China

The dominant frequency modes of pre-summer extreme precipitation events(EPEs) over South China(SC) between1998 and 2018 were investigated. The 67 identified EPEs were all characterized by the 3–8-d(synoptic) frequency band.However, multiscale combined modes of the synoptic and three low-frequency bands [10–20-d(quasi-biweekly, QBW);15–40-d(quasi-monthly, QM); and 20–60-d(intraseasonal)] accounted for the majority(63%) of the EPEs, and the precipitation intensity on the peak wet day was larger th...     

青岛冬半年降水相态统计分析及判别方法研究

通过对2006—2015年青岛冬半年不同相态降水的统计分析得出,青岛冬半年纯雨日数1月最少,纯雪日数2月最多,12月和1月是雨夹雪及雨雪转换日数占当月降水日数比例最高的两个月。通过个例分析表明,雨雪转换过程多与冷空气入侵相联系。温度场和风场条件能较好地反映出雨雪转换的特征,降温和风向转换在850 hPa以下层更为明显。探空资料分析表明,850 hPa、925 hPa、1 000 hPa和地面气温对不同相态降水都有很好的指示意义,越低层指示性越好。0 ℃层高度对不同相态降水同样具有指示意义,100～500 m高度是雨雪转换的关键高度层;以不同高度层气温为指标确定出青岛冬半年降水相态预报判别指标。     

江西省泥盆纪岩石地层划分与对比

江西省泥盆纪地层发育,分布广泛,以非海相地层为主,赣西、赣南间夹海相地层。因区内不同地段的地层发育程度及沉积特征有明显差异,故可进一步划分出若干地层小区,各地层小区的岩石地层单位特征及划分各不相同,并根据植物、腕足类和鱼化石对江西省泥盆纪生物地层进行了探讨。     

黔东南州种植蜂糖李气候适宜性研究

从气候角度分析黔东南州种植蜂糖李适宜性,为蜂糖李种植选址提供气候可行性依据。利用2011-2020年黔东南州200个区域气象站资料和蜂糖李品质最优的产地贵州省安顺市镇宁县六马镇区域气象站资料,用数理统计方法,计算黔东南州200个乡镇与六马镇气温、降水和日照气候指标相对应的气候值,利用适宜度模型计算各乡镇气候适宜度。结果表明：黔东南州有37.5%的乡镇处于蜂糖李种植气候适宜区,没有气候最适宜区域;蜂糖李开花坐果期的气候适宜度低于萌芽、果实生长以及果实成熟期,是制约黔东南州蜂糖李生长的关键期;气温综合适宜度＞日照综合适宜度＞降水综合适宜度,开花坐果期阶段性持续低温、雨日多、日照少是制约黔东南州蜂糖李生长的主要气候要素。黔东南州地形起伏大,气候差异明显,蜂糖李种植要根据当地地形和气候要素情况,选择日照多、雨日少、气温高、向阳、开阔等区域开展种植。