夏季强沙尘暴内部热力动力特征的个例研究

根据对流体在热低压条件下激发强沙尘暴的机理,并应用Rennó和Ingersoll于1996年提出的热机自然对流理论,对2004年7月12日甘肃省酒泉基准站发生的强沙尘暴内部动力热力结构进行了探讨。结果表明:①在沙尘暴发生前的一小时大气底层处于干热状态,垂直方向巨大的温度梯度有利于干对流发展。②激发强沙尘暴的对流体的切向旋转速度和垂直运动速度的大小,很大程度上决定了沙尘暴的强弱。③利用酒泉站探空资料计算出的沙尘暴对流体的最大切向旋转速度为11.4 m·s-1,垂直运动速度为14.0 m·s-1;地面沙尘暴观测系统记录的平均环境风速仅为5.5 m·s-1,瞬间最大风速只9.3 m·s-1。     

山东省牛庄洼陷古近系沙河街组沙三中亚段储集层成岩作用研究

山东省牛庄洼陷古近系沙河街组沙三中亚段储集层岩石类型以长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩为主,岩石结构成熟度和成分成熟度均较低。砂岩成岩作用包括压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用、溶解作用等。压实作用主要有刚性颗粒发生脆性破裂、颗粒之间呈线接触和凹凸接触、岩石碎屑颗粒呈明显的定向排列、塑性颗粒挤压变形或刚性颗粒嵌入变形颗粒中、粘土质碎屑被挤压变形发生假杂基化等五种表现形式。胶结物主要有泥质胶结物、碳酸盐胶结物、自生粘土矿物和自生石英、长石。交代作用主要有石英交代长石颗粒、碳酸盐胶结物交代石英、长石及岩屑颗粒、碳酸盐胶结物之间的相互交代。发生溶解作用的主要是石英、长石和岩屑颗粒,胶结物中主要是碳酸盐矿物。目前研究区沙三中亚段储集层成岩演化处于晚成岩A期。影响成岩作用的主要因素为岩石成分、沉积环境、孔隙流体性质等。成岩作用对储集物性的影响主要表现在孔隙度和渗透率的变化,其中压实作用和胶结作用使储层原生孔隙迅速减少、渗透率降低,使得储集物性变差;而溶解作用是次生孔隙发育的主要因素,从而改善砂岩的储集性能。     

大别山南部黄镇-凉亭河一线宿松变质杂岩岩石学和峰期变质温压条件及与高压榴辉岩对比研究

通过对宿松变质杂岩的野外地质观测、岩相学和热力学评价及其峰期变质温压条件的空间变化特征的研究,并对比南大别高压单元研究结果,探讨宿松变质杂岩的岩石构成和变质特征。研究表明宿松变质杂岩自北向南可分为I、II和III三个带,主体仅经历了绿帘角闪岩相至角闪岩相的变质作用,温压范围为t=398～613℃和p=0.61～1.53GPa,平均温压值为t=517℃±50℃和p=1.03±0.21GPa。该变质杂岩未显示任何蓝片岩相的变质特征,其内部也没有温度分带或连续变化的趋势。对比南大别高压单元的峰期变质条件,它们压力差至少可达p=0.92GPa,温度差可能在t=45℃,两者应在构造作用下叠置在一起。     

我国水华蓝藻的新类群——阿氏浮丝藻(Planktothrix agardhii)生理特性

阿氏浮丝藻(Planktothrix agardhii)是水华蓝藻的重要类群,实验对我国不同省份分离到的5株阿氏浮丝藻生长速率、色素组成、光合活性参数进行了测定.结果表明分离于广州的HABll28叶绿素a(Chla)含量较低,藻蓝蛋白(c-Pc)比例和含量较高.电子传递速率(ETR)测定结果表明,HABIl28的ETR曲线较高,最大ETRme值也显著高于其余4株,高效的光能电子传递链弥补了光合色素Chla的不足,以致HABIl28保持了中性的生长速率.分离于武汉东湖的HAB631则与之正好相反,较高的ChLa受限于光能电子传递链的薄弱,生长速率表现较低.分离于北京、上海、昆明的3株藻株在各项生理指标上无显著差异.     

基于小波变换的射频干扰消除方法的研究

在射电天文观测中,射频干扰(Radio Frequency Interference, RFI)会以多种形式混入望远镜接收系统,给观测带来误判或者降低观测信噪比.近年来国内国际射电天文快速发展,国内国际大型射电望远镜和阵列先后建设,观测灵敏度大为提高,射频干扰的影响尤为突出.随着科技发展和人类活动的加剧,射频干扰日益严重且不可逆转.提出利用2维离散小波变换的方法分析射电天文观测的数据,对望远镜系统输出的时间频率序列进行小波变换,根据小波系数分离出原始信号中各分量,每个分量统计得到相应的阈值,将各分量与阈值相比较识别干扰成分并标记去除.利用该方法对实际观测数据进行了处理,结果表明该方法能够很好地标记并消减干扰信号,且提高了观测的信噪比.     

Factors driving riverbed scouring and sedimentation in the Bayangaole to Toudaoguai reaches of the Upper Yellow River

The Inner Mongolia reaches of the Yellow River face problems of severe sedimentation caused by a variety of complex factors. The sedimentation process in those reaches has been characterized using the sediment balance method, and the key factors affecting the process have been analyzed using the correlation analysis method. The results show that during the period 1952–2012 the Bayangaole (Bayan Gol) to Toudaoguai reaches in Inner Mongolia have undergone successive processes of accumulative sedimentation, then relative balance, and then accumulative sedimentation once again. The total annual sedimentation is 12.0341×10⁸ m³, of which accumulations from July to October account for 95.1% and the reaches from Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai account for 98.5%. The main factor affecting scouring and sedimentation of the Bayangaole to Sanhuhekou reaches is the combined water and sediment condition. The critical conditions for equilibrium are an incoming sediment coefficient < 0.007 kg·s·m^–6 and a flow discharge > 700 m³·s^–1. The main factor affecting scouring and sedimentation of the Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai reaches is the incoming sediment from the tributaries on the south bank and the combined water and sediment condition of the main stream. The critical conditions of the main stream for maintaining equilibrium status are a flow discharge of the main stream exceeding 800 m³·s^–1 and a comprehensive incoming sediment coefficient < 0.005 kg·s·m^–6. The incoming sediment from the tributaries has little impact on the main stream when the annual sediment load is less than 0.1×10⁸ t. The incoming sediment coefficient of the main stream and the incoming sediment from the tributaries both play vital roles in the riverbed evolution of the Inner Mongolia reaches, but the latter contributes the most.     

赣南印支期柯树岭花岗岩体SHRIMP锆石U-Pb 年龄、地球化学、锆石Hf同位素特征及成因探讨

利用SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年方法测得赣南柯树岭-仙鹅塘云英岩-石英脉型钨锡多金属矿床柯树岭区段钻孔中的新鲜花岗岩的成岩年龄为251.5±6.6Ma和202±15Ma。柯树岭花岗岩属过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩;ΣREE较低(<80.16×10-6),与华南典型含铌钽矿化花岗岩ΣREE含量低的特点一致,是岩浆高度分异演化的产物;锆石εHf(t)值为-14.5～-1.3,Hf两阶段模式年龄TDM2为3.21～2.55Ga,表明该岩体起源于太古宙地壳物质的部分熔融;Al/(Mg+Fe)-Ca/(Mg+Fe)图解表明该岩体主要来源于变质杂砂岩和变质泥岩的部分熔融,但也混有一些变质玄武岩和变质英云闪长岩,两个正的εHf(t)值(+2.4和+3.0)显示岩浆在上升侵位过程中捕获了幔源残留锆石。包括柯树岭在内的华南印支期花岗岩是于后碰撞或碰撞晚期,在以被动侵位机制为主和挤压应力松弛的间隙环境中侵位的,为加厚地壳局部熔融的产物。     

Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Urbanization in China Using DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Data from 1992–2013

Understanding the dynamics of urbanization is essential to the sustainable development of cities. Meanwhile the analysis of urban development can also provide scientifically and effective information for decision-making. With the long-term Defense Meteorological Satellite Program’s Operational Linescan System(DMSP/OLS) nighttime light images, a pixel level assessment of urbanization of China from 1992 to 2013 was conducted in this study, and the spatio-temporal dynamics and future trends of urban development were fully detected. The results showed that the urbanization and urban dynamics of China experienced drastic fluctuations from 1992 to 2013, especially for those in the coastal and metropolitan areas. From a regional perspective, it was found that the urban dynamics and increasing trends in North Coast China, East Coast China and South Coast China were much more stable and significant than that in other regions. Moreover, with the sustainability estimating of nighttime light dynamics, the regional agglomeration trends of urban regions were also detected. The light intensity in nearly 50% of lighted pixels may continuously decrease in the future, indicating a severe situation of urbanization within these regions. In this study, The results revealed in this study can provided a new insight in long time urbanization detecting and is thus beneficial to the better understanding of trends and dynamics of urban development.     

海原地区早白垩世古地磁结果及其构造意义

通过海原地区早白垩世13个采点的古地磁研究,揭示了一组高温特征剩磁分量.在5%置信度下通过倒转检验,采样剖面获得的下白垩统李洼峡组和和尚铺组的磁性地层结果,显示多个正、反极性带,与早白垩世早期的极性特征相似,说明这组高温分量很可能代表岩石形成时的原生剩磁,其特征剩磁方向为：偏角D=12.7°,倾角I=50.2°,α5=6.3°;相应的极位置为：经度φ=218.0°E,纬度λ=78.2°N,dp=5.7°,dm=8.4°,古纬度ρ=31.0°.通过对比华北地块鄂尔多斯盆地的早白垩世古地磁结果,表明采样地区自早白垩世以来相对于华北鄂尔多斯盆地未发生明显的构造旋转和纬度方向上的位移.这说明海原断裂东南段并未发生大规模的左旋走滑运动,印度—欧亚板块碰撞挤压作用对青藏高原东北部海原地区的影响已经很小.     

微囊藻毒素对人类健康影响相关研究的回顾

本文回顾了微囊藻毒素(MC,一种最常见而重要的蓝藻毒素)对人类健康影响相关的研究,迄今为止的一些重要历史事件包括:(1)1990年,科学家首次发现,MC进入肝细胞后,能强烈地抑制蛋白磷酸酶(PP1、PP2A)的活性,这是MC致毒的最重要的分子基础;(2)1996年,在巴西发生了肾透析用水被MC(-LR、-YR和-AR)污染导致52人死亡的严重事件;(3)中国南方原发性肝癌的高发病率被认为与饮水中的MC污染有关;(4)1998年,世界卫生组织提出了饮用水中MC-LR含量的临时指导值为1μg/L;(5)从巢湖的专业渔民血液中检测出MCs,并发现长期的低剂量慢性暴露引起了一定程度的肝损伤,微囊藻毒素对人类健康的影响证据确凿,不容忽视,尤其是在富营养化越演越烈、有毒蓝藻水华肆虐的今天.