Deepwater Ventilation and Stratification in the Neogene South China Sea

Combined data of physical property, benthic foraminifera, and stable isotopes from ODP Sites 1148, 1146, and 1143 are used to discuss deep water evolution in the South China Sea (SCS) since the Early Miocene. The results indicate that 3 lithostratigraphic units, respectively corresponding to 21-17 Ma, 15-10 Ma, and 10-5 Ma with positive red parameter (a*) marking the red brown sediment color represent 3 periods of deep water ventilation. The first 2 periods show a closer link to contemporary production of the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) and Northern Component Water (NCW), indicating a free connection of deep waters between the SCS and the open ocean before 10 Ma. After 10 Ma, red parameter dropped but stayed higher than the modern value (a*=0), the CaCO3 percentage difference between Site 1148 from a lower deepwater setting and Site 1146 from an upper deepwater setting enlarged significantly, and benthic species which prefer oxygen-rich bottom conditions dramatically decreased. Coupled with a major negative excursion of benthic δ13C at ~10 Ma, these parameters may denote a weakening in the control of the SCS deep water by the open ocean. Probably they mark the birth of a local deep water due to shallow waterways or rise of sill depths during the course of sea basin closing from south to east by the west-moving Philippine Arc after the end of SCS seafloor spreading at 16-15 Ma. However, it took another 5 Ma before the dissolved oxygen approached close to the modern level. Although the oxygen level continued to stabilize, several Pacific Bottom Water (PBW) and Pacific Deep Water (PDW) marker species rapidly increased since ~6 Ma, followed by a dramatic escalation in planktonic fragmentation which indicates high dissolution especially after ~5 Ma. The period of 5-3 Ma saw the strongest stratified deepwater in the then SCS, as indicated by up to 40% CaCO3 difference between Sites 1148 and 1146. Apart from a strengthening PDW as a result of global cooling and ice cap buildup on northern high latitudes, a deepening sea basin due to stronger subduction eastward may also have triggered the influx of more corrosive waters from the deep western Pacific. Since 3 Ma, the evolution of the SCS deep water entered a modern phase, as characterized by relative stable 10% CaCO3 difference between the two sites and increase in infaunal benthic species which prefer a low oxygenated environment. Thesubsequent reduction of PBW and PDW marker species at about 1.2 Ma and 0.9 Ma and another significant negative excursion of benthic δ13C to a Neogene minimum at ~0.9 Ma together convey a clear message that the PBW largely disappeared and the PDW considerably weakened in the Mid-Pleistocene SCS. Therefore, the true modern mode SCS deep water started to form only during the "Mid-Pleistocene climatic transition" probably due to the rise of sill depths under the Bashi Strait.     

基于组件MapObjects的查询信息系统的设计与实现

讨论如何运用GIS组件MapObjects与面向对象的可视化编程语言Visual Basic 6.0相结合这一开发模式,进行应用型地理信息系统的二次开发。对系统开发方式的选择、系统总体框架、系统开发结构和系统数据库设计等作较为深入的论述。以武汉大学查询信息系统为例,具体探讨系统的设计与系统部分功能的实现。     

Petrology and Geochronology of Granulites from the McKaskle Hills, Eastern Amery Ice Shelf, Antarctica, and Implications for the Evolution of the Prydz Belt

A combined petrological and geochronological study was carriedout on mafic granulites and associated felsic gneisses fromthe McKaskle Hills, eastern Amery Ice Shelf, East Antarctica.Garnet-bearing mafic granulites exhibit reaction textures andexsolution textures that indicate two-stage metamorphic evolution.Thermobarometric estimates from matrix and symplectite assemblagesyield peak and retrograde P–T conditions of 9·0–9·5kbar and 880–950°C and 6·6–7·2kbar and 700–750°C, respectively. Similar but slightlyscattered peak P–T estimates of 7·9–10·1kbar and 820–980°C are obtained from the core compositionsof minerals from felsic para- and orthogneisses. Evidence forthe prograde history is provided by muscovite inclusions ingarnet from a paragneiss. Sensitive high-resolution ion microprobeU–Pb zircon dating reveals an evolutionary history forthe granulites, including a mafic and felsic igneous intrusionat 1174–1019 Ma, sedimentation after 932–916 Ma,and a high-grade metamorphism at 533–529 Ma. In contrast,Sm–Nd mineral–whole-rock dating mainly yields asingle age population at 500 Ma. This suggests that the McKaskleHills form part of the Prydz Belt, and that the relatively highpeak P–T conditions and a decompression-dominated P–Tpath for the rocks resulted from a single Cambrian metamorphiccycle, rather than two distinct metamorphic events as formerlyinferred for the granulites from Prydz Bay. The age data alsoindicate that the Precambrian history of the McKaskle Hillsis not only distinct from that of the early Neoproterozoic terranein the northern Prince Charles Mountains, but also differentfrom that of other parts of the Prydz Belt. The existence ofmultiple basement terranes, together with considerable crustalthickening followed by tectonic uplift and unroofing indicatedby the clockwise P–T–t evolution, suggests thatthe Prydz Belt may represent a collisional orogen that resultedin the assembly of Gondwana during the Cambrian period. KEY WORDS: Mesoproterozoic basement; Cambrian metamorphism; P–T path; Prydz Belt; East Antarctica     

含交叉断层的复杂地质体3维建模算法研究

在矿井生产中,出现交叉断层的区域往往是地质构造非常复杂的地方,也是危险高发的区域.对含交叉断层的3维地质建模的算法进行了研究.其主要思想是分别建立岩层和断层的TIN模型,以断层交线作为约束条件,进行带约束三角剖分,从而建立起交叉断层模型.这将有利于矿山的工程管理,减少危险的发生,作为后续采矿生产的依据.     

SuperMap平台下综合地理信息保障云服务系统建设

系统以江西省地理信息公共服务平台为依托,采用基于跨平台的云架构、二三维一体化、云端一体化三大技术体系的Super Map GIS 8C地理信息平台进行开发,运用三维仿真技术、多媒体技术等高新技术手段,构建了PC端、Web端一体化的综合地理信息保障服务系统,实现了行政执法工作的信息化,为江西省突发事件和自然灾害的智能预警、快速处置突发事件等提供保障服务。系统为推动江西社会管理工作的科学发展,并为实时预测事故、消除隐患、分析形势和及时决策提供服务,对提升社会自然灾害综合防御能力和各类突发公共事件的快速处理能力具有非常重要的作用。     

利用NMF算法确定ZTD格网产品空间分辨率

GGOS Atmosphere发布的ZTD格网产品得到了广泛应用,然而该产品空间分辨率的确定缺乏足够依据。本文分析了GGOS ZWD、ZHD产品与ECMWF发布的PWV、SP产品之间的强相关性,计算了不同空间分辨率格网产品的经纬向梯度分组概率;同时利用所提出的基于随机学习速率矩阵的改进NMF算法提取了不同空间分辨率格网产品的特征维数,进而确定了ZTD格网产品的最佳空间分辨率、固有特征维数,并提供了一种数据压缩发布方案。     

基于低空无人机倾斜摄影的三维模型构建

利用低空无人机倾斜摄影测量技术构造的真实三维模型对重庆万州狮子头危岩进行地质灾害监测,探讨倾斜摄影测量技术在危岩监测、危岩整治,灾情评估等方面的应用。结果表明,倾斜摄影测量技术在地质条件复杂的地区完成数据的获取与处理、三维建模和应用分析方面具有数据快速获取、处理,模型真实可量测等优势;利用倾斜摄影测量技术生成的真实三维地表模型、数字正射影像图和数字高程模型数据可以为危岩整治工程中的堆填土方量提供直观、翔实的基础数据和统计分析数据。     

可见光波段灰度熵和热红外亮温差的沙尘遥感判识

沙尘作为对流层气溶胶的主要成分,对气候系统有许多影响;同时,作为环境污染物,对人类健康危害也很大。沙尘天气一般在春季爆发,对中国北方大部分区域的生产和生活有较大影响。以往针对沙尘遥感监测人们开展了许多研究,取得了一定的效果。但对于一些云和沙尘混合的复杂状况,传统方法识别效果较差,几乎不能有效识别出沙尘。采用葵花8号(Himawari-8)卫星数据,提出一种针对性的识别方法。引入了0.46μm和0.51μm反射率差值RDI,统计发现该指数在一定范围内可以表现出沙尘连续性特征,并有效地将中高云和大部分地表与沙尘区分开来。碎积云的RDI值分布与沙尘的较为相似,为此进一步引入了灰度熵方法来滤除。例举了3次沙尘过程的判识结果,并结合地面观测数据进行了验证。其中对2017年5月4日沙尘的地面验证表明,位于云沙混合区的27个站中有22个站的地面观测与判识相一致。对于一些复杂条件下的沙尘,该方法是对分裂窗亮温差的有效补充。     

贵州省仁怀市耕地土壤富锗地球化学特征分析

为了查清耕地表层土壤中锗特色元素的分布特征及富集机理,通过对贵州省仁怀市耕地土壤野外调查、采样和测试等研究分析,总结了锗元素含量的地球化学特征和影响因素,探讨了土壤类型、土地利用方式、土壤地球化学性质、成土母岩时代与锗含量的关系,结果表明,仁怀市耕地土壤锗元素平均含量与贵州省土壤背景值及中国土壤平均值相比,含量均高,高含量区域主要分布在寒武纪、二叠系、三叠纪地层母质区中。综合分析,土壤中Ge与pH值呈弱负相关,与SOM、Co 、Zn呈弱正相关性,与Cu、Pb呈中等程度正相关;酸性土壤富锗概率大于中性碱性环境;不同土地利用类型中,裸地、水浇地中Ge元素含量平均值较高;不同土壤类型中,石灰土、水稻土中Ge元素含量平均值较高;研究区内铅锌带与耕地土壤Ge元素高值分布带较为一致。