海南岛西北部海域珊瑚礁造礁石珊瑚种类组成与分布

调查了海南岛西北部海域造礁石珊瑚种类的多样性及分布.结果表明:共发现50种造礁石珊瑚和1种多孔螅.海南岛西北部造礁石珊瑚优势种为澄黄滨珊瑚(Porites lutea)和丛生盔形珊瑚(Galaxea fascicularis),与历史资料相比优势种发生明显变化;海南岛西北部海域造礁石珊瑚覆盖率急剧下降,是由自然因素和人为活动共同造成;海南岛西北部海域是北部湾、琼州海峡和南海的重要交汇点,可能是造礁石珊瑚幼虫扩散的重要通道,对华南沿岸造礁石珊瑚资源自然恢复起到重要作用.因此,未来的海洋管理应该加强对珊瑚礁的保护力度,开发利用与环境保护并重,这样才能有效保护海南岛西北部海域的珊瑚礁.     

复合筒型风电基础单向流局部冲刷试验研究

复合筒型基础是一种新型的宽浅式海上风电基础,相对于桩基础等深基础,复合筒型基础周围地基的冲刷破坏对风机结构体系安全性的影响更加明显,因此,研究海流作用下复合筒型基础的冲刷特性很有必要。针对某工程实例,建设了冲刷试验场地,布置了典型测点,为复合筒型基础冲刷试验奠定了基础;采用系列比尺模型的方法,分别选取1:20、1:40、1:70三种比尺的模型,对海上风电复合筒型基础样机周围粉砂质海床的冲刷情况进行了试验研究;分析了各组试验冲刷平衡时间、模型周围冲刷坑的范围、最大冲刷深度,并且依据系列比尺模型试验原理计算出了实际工程中的冲刷深度。通过试验研究给出了实际工程复合筒型基础的最大冲刷深度,明确了单向流作用下复合筒型基础周围地基局部冲刷特性,填补了复合筒型基础冲刷试验研究的空白,为复合筒型基础的工程应用提供了指导。     

1月北极涛动异常程度特征及其对北半球同期温度的影响

将1月北极涛动（AO）大气遥相关型的强度分为：正常、异常和极端异常3类典型年进行讨论,发现其同期大气环流及其对北半球温度影响存在显著的异同性：当AO呈异常和极端异常时,均表现为东亚大槽、乌拉尔山、贝加尔湖阻塞高压、阿留申低压的持续、稳定异常,但对应极区涡旋的强度、面积及其向南、向北的扩展等有所差异,与NPO、NAO正、负位相对应,致使冷空气在极地和中、高纬度活动范围不同。极端异常年的影响强度和范围较异常年偏大、偏南,高低空配置使冷空气向北半球中低纬度地区延伸,异常低温可扩展至北太平洋暖池区。     

Prediction of Bulk Density of Soils in the Loess Plateau Region of China

Soil bulk density (BD) is a key soil physical property that may affect the transport of water and solutes and is essential to estimate soil carbon/nutrients reserves. However, BD data are often lacking in soil databases due to the challenge of directly measuring BD, which is considered to be labor intensive, time consuming, and expensive especially for the lower layers of deep soils such as those of the Chinese Loess Plateau region. We determined the factors that were closely correlated with BD at the regional scale and developed a robust pedotransfer function (PTF) for BD by measuring BD and potentially related soil and environmental factors at 748 selected sites across the Loess Plateau of China (620,000 km²) at which we collected undisturbed and disturbed soil samples from two soil layers (0–5 and 20–25 cm). Regional BD values were normally distributed and demonstrated weak spatial variation (CV = 12 %). Pearson’s correlation and stepwise multiple linear regression analyses identified silt content, slope gradient (SG), soil organic carbon content (SOC), clay content, slope aspect (SA), and altitude as the factors that were closely correlated with BD and that explained 25.8, 6.3, 5.8, 1.4, 0.3, and 0.3 % of the BD variation, respectively. Based on these closely correlated variables, a reasonably robust PTF was developed for BD using multiple linear regression, which performed equally with the artificial neural network method in the current study. The inclusion of topographic factors significantly improved the predictive capability of the BD PTF and in which SG was an important input variable that could be used in place of SA and altitude without compromising its capability for predicting BD. Thus, the developed PTF with only four input variables (clay, silt, SOC, SG), including their common transformations and interactive terms, predicted BD with reasonable accuracy and is thus useful for most applications on the Loess Plateau of China. More attention should be given to the role of topography when developing PTFs for BD prediction. Testing of the developed PTF for use in other loess regions in the world is required.     

辽宁宽甸万宝村铜金钼矿地质特征及找矿方向

辽宁宽甸万宝村铜金钼矿位于燕山期石柱子花岗闪长岩体与寒武纪碳酸盐岩地层的接触带内,受北东向与北西向构造共同控制.矿体赋存于北西向构造带内,呈雁行式排列.北西向构造控制了石柱子花岗闪长岩的侵位,同时控制了夕卡岩矿体的形成与分布.恢复夕卡岩矿区的构造形迹,特别是早期控制岩浆侵位的隐伏构造带,对夕卡岩地区找矿具有指导意义.     

汶川MS8.0地震逆冲滑动沿断层深度的分布特征及其数值模拟解释

汶川MS8.0地震逆冲滑动量沿断层深度的分布有明显的特点,可以分解成三个破裂的滑动量叠加：深度18 km附近的底部破裂滑动、深度11 km附近的中部破裂滑动和两个局部破裂以外的主体滑动。扣除局部破裂滑动量后,沿断层走向从映秀到南坝近200 km范围内,逆冲滑动量沿断层深度的分布形态是一致的。基于滑动反演几何模型的有限元模拟显示,汶川地震逆冲滑动分布的整体性特征可能源自于断层浅部构造及巴彦喀拉块体SE向挤压强度沿断层走向上的一致性。     

结直肠癌患者肝脏CT图像分类中决策树模型的应用

目的：探讨数据挖掘中决策树模型在结直肠癌患者肝脏CT图像分类中的应用。方法：分别选取结直肠癌患者肝转移、单纯性肝囊肿以及正常肝脏的CT增强图像各20例。对该60例肝脏CT增强图像分别进行灰度直方图、灰度共生矩阵以及图像变换的纹理特征提取,然后采用朴素贝叶斯分类器和决策树归纳分类器对图像进行分类。最终分类结果与临床事实分类对照,利用十折交叉验证法验证两种分类模型的有效性。结果：基于数据挖掘的决策树模型对结直肠癌患者肝脏CT图像进行分类准确性较高。决策树归纳的分类准确性远高于朴素贝叶斯分类器（准确性96．7％vs76．7％,Kappa值0．95vs0．65,P〈0．05）。结论：基于数据挖掘的决策树模型可以对结直肠癌患者肝脏CT图像进行分类,不仅能够判断肝脏有无相关病灶,而且仅依据图像的基本特性,可以自动识别肝脏乏血供转移瘤与单纯性肝囊肿,为未来计算机辅助诊疗疾病提供有效的参考信息及途径。     

透射边界-地基-风电结构地震响应与破坏模式

近海风力发电结构是由无限域地基、基础及上部结构组成的体系,有限域透射人工边界和地震动输入模式直接影响结构体系的动力响应。首先,建立透射人工边界-地基-基础-塔筒结构和固定边界-地基-基础-塔筒结构的有限元模型;然后,简要澄清了透射边界地震动输入之所以采用外力而不采取地震动物理量（加速度、速度和位移）的原因所在;最后,对给出的3种作用模式：（1）固定边界地震动输入,（2）只考虑外源输入波作用,（3）同时考虑外源输入波和内源振动的散射波作用,分别进行计算分析和比较。通过数值计算并结合理论分析,（1）澄清了对透射边界采用外力进行地震激励输入的方法的原因,这种输入方法合理可靠,符合实际情况;（2）在地震波等效荷载的生成中,针对圆形横截面地基提出了一种阻尼力、刚度力的便捷性生成方法,大大减小了工作量;（3）从自身振动特点及阻尼设置角度,解释了地震作用下采用透射边界比采用固定边界时风电结构响应减小的原因;（4）指出了地震作用下透射边界地基模型在结构动力响应与倒塌计算中内源振动反射的不容忽视性。     

考虑挤土效应的筒型基础沉放阻力数值分析及试验验证

鉴于传统的筒型基础沉放阻力计算公式或数值分析方法均没有考虑筒壁内外侧挤土效应的差异,对于窄深型或是带分舱板的宽浅型筒型基础,由于筒壁或者分舱板的约束作用,基础内侧挤土效应有时远大于外侧,用传统方式计算沉放阻力可能存在较大误差。为揭示筒壁内外侧挤土效应的差异情况,采用显式的任意拉格朗日-欧拉（ALE）方法,针对土体大变形和接触非线性等问题,建立了能够实现筒型基础动态、连续沉放过程的有限元模型,模拟出了筒壁内外侧挤土效应。数值分析结果表明,当入土深度与筒径比达1.6时,筒壁内侧压力可达外侧的10倍左右。通过分析下沉过程中筒壁内外侧土体位移及应力分布,阐述了筒壁内外侧挤土效应差异的机制。最后,提出了考虑挤土效应的筒型基础沉放阻力计算公式,计算与试验结果吻合良好,大大提高了筒型基础沉放阻力的计算可靠性。     

Molecular Cloning and Expression ofPoIR2, a Novel Gene Involved in Immune Response in Japanese Flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus）

A novel immune-related gene was expressed in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) injected with Vibrio anguillarum. The complete cDNA contained a 169 bp 5’UTR, a 336 bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding 111 amino acids and a 556bp 3’UTR. Six exons and five introns were identified in the PoIR2 gene. Blastp similarity comparison showed its encoding protein had 50% similarity to Danio rerio neuromedin S (NMS), but further alignment indicated they did not have NMS C-terminal conservational signature domain. So it was not defined as an NMS homologue. Protein structure analysis indicated it had a 26aa signal peptide and was a secretory pathway protein. RT-PCR demonstrated that the expression of PoIR2 was quickly induced and drastically increased in liver, kidney, spleen, gills, intestine, heart, and skeletal muscle after infected with V. anguillarum. These results indicated that the PoIR2 might play some important role in Japanese flounder immune response system. This gene was named PoIR2 (P.olivaceus immune-related gene 2, GenBank accession number: EU224372). The mature PoIR2 peptide was expressed in BL21(DE3) pLysS using pET-32a(+) vector and a great part of the recombinant mature peptide existed as soluble type.