改进影像匹配点云滤波方法的下沉盆地建模

针对受地表植被物候性特征的影响,无人机影像匹配点云所生成DEM精度偏低的问题,该文提出了一种基于坡度阈值和相邻点高差阈值相结合的地面种子点选取方法,改进了移动曲面拟合点云滤波算法.以林南仓煤矿西四采区为例,基于无人机测绘技术获取实验区地表三维点云,结合实测数据,分别采用 目视检验、定量评价和DEM精度分析等验证了滤波算...     

压实黄土非饱和渗透系数试验研究

压实黄土非饱和渗透特性具有重要的工程意义。对不同干密度的压实黄土试样,采用非饱和导水率测定系统进行非饱和渗透系数量测,得到不同干密度压实黄土的渗透系数与吸力的关系。试验结果表明：渗透系数随吸力的增大而成非线性减小,随干密度的减小而增大;在低吸力时,干密度对渗透系数的影响较大;在较高吸力时,干密度对渗透系数的影响较小。进一步给出了压实黄土的渗透系数模型并进行回归分析,得到各Wind幂函数模型参数与干密度的关系,建立了基于干密度的压实黄土渗透系数的确定方法。     

Classification of Complex Reservoirs in Superimposed Basins of Western China

<正>Many of the sedimentary basins in western China were formed through the superposition and compounding of at least two previously developed sedimentary basins and in general they can be termed as complex superimposed basins.The distinct differences between these basins and monotype basins are their discontinuous stratigraphic sedimentation,stratigraphic structure and stratigraphic stress-strain action over geological history.Based on the correlation of chronological age on structural sections,superimposed basins can be divided into five types in this study:(1) continuous sedimentation type superimposed basins,(2) middle and late stratigraphic superimposed basins,(3) early and late stratigraphic superimposed basins,(4) early and middle stratigraphic superimposed basins,and(5) long-term exposed superimposed basins.Multiple source-reservoir-caprock assemblages have developed in such basins.In addition,multi-stage hydrocarbon generation and expulsion,multiple sources,polycyclic hydrocarbon accumulation and multiple-type hydrocarbon reservoirs adjustment,reformation and destruction have occurred in these basins.The complex reservoirs that have been discovered widely in the superimposed basins to date have remarkably different geologic features from primary reservoirs,and the root causes of this are folding,denudation and the fracture effect caused by multiphase tectonic events in the superimposed basins as well as associated seepage,diffusion,spilling,oxidation,degradation and cracking.Based on their genesis characteristics,complex reservoirs are divided into five categories:(1) primary reservoirs,(2) trap adjustment type reservoirs,(3) component variant reservoirs,(4) phase conversion type reservoirs and (5) scale-reformed reservoirs.     

深层水漏斗区开采量组成变化特征与机制

为阐明强烈开采条件下华北平原深层水的开采水量来源及组成问题,以德州地区深层水漏斗分布区为重点研究区,通过基于大量钻孔资料对含水层组及其粘性土夹层或透镜体的分析和野外地下水采样、动态监测及地面沉降测量资料等分析,采用分层、分区计算方法对漏斗中心至外围的各分区弹性释水量、粘性土压密释水量、侧向流入和越流补给量进行均衡计算。结果表明:在强烈开采条件下,深层水开采量中弹性释水量和压密释水量所占比率不是常量,随着深层水位下降的幅度和深度增大、超采释压持续时间愈长、开采层中粘性土夹层或透镜体愈多,则区内弹性释水和压密释水的强度及累积地面沉降量愈大;愈靠近漏斗中心,弹性和压密释水强度愈大,相同降深下平均单位降深的地面沉降量愈小。在深层水开采量中粘性土压密释水占35.5%~61.9%,与地面沉降密切相关。     

浙江八面山特大型萤石矿床的沉积成矿特征

八面山萤石矿床是近年来发现的特大型萤石矿床,通过成矿地质背景,矿体与矿石特征,容矿岩系岩石化学组成特征,岩石与矿石稀土元素特征,钐—钕同位素特征等研究,探讨了矿床的沉积成矿特点。结果充分说明,八面山萤石矿床是一个以沉积为主,后经热液改造的特大型萤石矿床。依据上述分析数据,同时结合容矿围岩和矿体的地质特征,可以推测, 八面山萤石矿床是寒武系沉积岩作为矿源层,为萤石矿床的形成提供了必要的物源。后期岩浆作用只是对部分矿体进行了不同程度的改造,局部形成了构造带中的陡倾斜脉状矿体。     

胶质芽孢杆菌胞外多糖在肥料矿物分解转化中的作用

本文探讨了胶质芽孢杆菌胞外多糖在细菌分解转化矿物过程中的作用。将事先提取的胞外粗多糖按一定浓度梯度与矿粉混合,24 h后再次提取多糖称重,证实多糖与矿粉颗粒之间的吸附现象。计算结果表明,矿粉对多糖的吸附随多糖量的增加而呈较明显的增长,之后增幅逐渐趋于平缓。在无氮培养基中添加不同种类矿粉培养细菌,然后分别提取粗多糖和较纯多糖,发现矿物种类对胶质芽孢杆菌多糖的分泌有显著影响。添加含有细菌所需矿质养料的矿粉在培养液中,胞外多糖含量相对增高,说明细菌分泌胞外多糖受到矿物化学组成的影响,即细菌胞外多糖的产生与它们对矿物养料的需求和矿物的风化过程有密切联系。     

基于cox1条形码的鱼肚DNA分子鉴定

为鉴定鱼肚的正品来源,运用一对特异性引物扩增并测定10 个不同价格（700～1 500 元/kg）鱼肚样本的线粒体DNA 细胞色素c 氧化酶Ⅰ（cox1）约660 bp 的序列.通过BLASTN 比对DNA 序列同源度,判定鱼肚所属种类分别为鲈形目石首鱼科（Sciaenidae）、马鲅科（Eleutheronema）、笛鲷科（Lutjanidae）、带鱼科（Trichiuridae）.cox1 条码序列获取便捷,基于此条码序列的物种鉴定技术可用于鱼肚种类鉴别.     

琼东南盆地深水区断层垂向输导及成藏模式

In the Qiongdongnan Basin, faults are well developed.Based on the drilling results, the traps controlled two or more faults are oil-rich. However, when only one fault cut through the sand body, there is no sign for hy-drocarbon accumulation in the sandstone. In terms of this phenomenon, the principle of reservoir-forming controlled by fault terrace is proposed, i.e., when the single fault activates, because of the incompressibility of pore water, the resistance of pore and the direction of buoyancy, it is impossible for hydrocarbon to ac-cumulate in sandstone. But when there are two or more faults, one of the faults acts as the spillway so the hydrocarbon could fill in the pore of sandstone through other faults. In total five gas bearing structures and four failure traps are considered, as examples to demonstrate our findings. According to this theory, it is well-advised that south steep slope zone of Baodao-Changchang Depression, south gentle slope zone of Lingshui Depression, north steep slope zone of Lingshui Depression, and north steep slope zone of Baodao Depression are the most favorable step-fault zones, which are the main exploration direction in next stage.     

西风爆发事件对暖池厄尔尼诺和冷舌厄尔尼诺的作用——一个概念模型得到的结果

本文通过1个概念模型讨论了西风爆发事件对暖池厄尔尼诺与冷舌厄尔尼诺两种事件的作用,并讨论了它们对应的物理机制。结果表明,由西风爆发所诱导的纬向平流异常和海洋波动对厄尔尼诺的多样性有着至关重要的作用。由于模型包含了最基本的海-洋与大气物理变量及其相互作用机制,本结果可为解释西风爆发事件对厄尔尼诺多样性影响研究提供最基本的框架。