利用嫦娥二号微波辐射计数据的全月亮温制图

中国嫦娥绕月卫星在世界上首次搭载了微波辐射计,用于获取不同深度月壤的微波辐射亮温,而这正是月壤厚度研究和月壤表层参数信息反演的基础。基于嫦娥二号的微波辐射计2C级数据,建立4个频率通道(3.0、7.8、19.35、37.0GHz)在不同纬度下的亮温日变化模型,并通过该模型对亮温数据进行时角校正,得到了正午时刻的全月微波亮温图。结合CCD影像和DEM数据比较的结果表明,处理后的亮温数据很好地反映了月球的地形特征及月表的反射率信息。基于高频的亮温数据对月球亮温异常区域进行了分析,发现其都是哥白尼纪的新鲜撞击坑。     

基于等效Thomsen参数的P-SV波AVO属性研究

在等效Thomsen各向异性参数的P-SV波反射系数近似公式基础上研究了反射系数的多种AVO(振幅随炮检距变化)属性特征,针对不同的属性特征构建了多属性AVO交绘图;并利用反射系数公式对三类含气砂岩AVO的特征进行分析.结果表明P-SV波反射系数公式可以有效的区分第三类含气砂岩;岩石的孔隙度、流体饱和度等信息是影响地震波AVO的重要因素.利用Gassmann方程进行了对上层为HTI介质,下层为孔隙储层的介质模型进行了流体替换计算,分析了孔隙度、含气饱和度和各向异性参数变化对地层AVO的影响.     

东北夏季月低温事件的定义及大气环流年代际特征分析

利用1960-2009年东北地区150个地面测站的逐日气温资料,定义了东北三省夏季月低温事件（简称MCSE）,并将其分为5类。结果表明：MCSE发生频率在20世纪60-70年代较高,80年代逐渐减少,90年代显著减少; 6月和8月以第Ⅲ类MCSE为主,而7月则是第Ⅱ类;在冷气候背景下,第Ⅱ类MCSE正涡动能量是由高纬向中纬度传播,正常背景下是由中纬度向高纬度传播,第Ⅲ类则与之相反,暖背景下第Ⅱ类MCSE的能量传播方向与冷背景一样,而第Ⅲ类则先是由低纬度向高低纬度传播,然后是由高纬度向低纬度传播;同时还发现,在冷背景下第Ⅱ类和第Ⅲ类MCSE,中国东北地区都是处于大范围强冷空气带的覆盖下,而正常期气候背景下这两类MCSE的东北冷涡和乌拉尔山阻塞高压（西阻）都比较明显,在暖背景下,第Ⅱ类MCSE的阻塞高压（中阻）、鄂霍次克海阻塞高压（东阻）以及东北冷涡系统都很明显,而第Ⅲ类MCSE的阻塞高压（中阻）和东北冷涡明显。     

Diamond in Oceanic Peridotites and Chromitites: Evidence for Deep Recycled Mantle in the Global Ophiolite Record

Diamonds have been discovered in mantle peridotites and chromitites of six ophiolitic massifs along the 1300 km‐long Yarlung‐Zangbo suture (Bai et al., 1993; Yang et al., 2014; Xu et al., 2015), and in the Dongqiao and Dingqing mantle peridotites of the Bangong‐Nujiang suture in the eastern Tethyan zone (Robinson et al., 2004; Xiong et al., 2018). Recently, in‐situ diamond, coesite and other UHP mineral have also been reported in the Nidar ophiolite of the western Yarlung‐Zangbo suture (Das et al., 2015, 2017). The above‐mentioned diamond‐bearing ophiolites represent remnants of the eastern Mesozoic Tethyan oceanic lithosphere. New publications show that diamonds also occur in chromitites in the Pozanti‐Karsanti ophiolite of Turkey, and in the Mirdita ophiolite of Albania in the western Tethyan zone (Lian et al., 2017; Xiong et al., 2017; Wu et al., 2018). Similar diamonds and associated minerals have also reported from Paleozoic ophiolitic chromitites of Central Asian Orogenic Belt of China and the Ray‐Iz ophiolite in the Polar Urals, Russia (Yang et al., 2015a, b; Tian et al., 2015; Huang et al, 2015). Importantly, in‐situ diamonds have been recovered in chromitites of both the Luobusa ophiolite in Tbet and the Ray‐Iz ophiolite in Russia (Yang et al., 2014, 2015a). The extensive occurrences of such ultra‐high pressure (UHP) minerals in many ophiolites suggest formation by similar geological events in different oceans and orogenic belts of different ages. Compared to diamonds from kimberlites and UHP metamorphic belts, micro‐diamonds from ophiolites present a new occurrence of diamond that requires significantly different physical and chemical conditions of formation in Earth's mantle. The forms of chromite and qingsongites (BN) indicate that ophiolitic chromitite may form at depths of >150‐380 km or even deeper in the mantle (Yang et al., 2007; Dobrthinetskaya et al., 2009). The very light C isotope composition (δ13C ‐18 to ‐28‰) of these ophiolitic diamonds and their Mn‐bearing mineral inclusions, as well as coesite and clinopyroxene lamallae in chromite grains all indicate recycling of ancient continental or oceanic crustal materials into the deep mantle (>300 km) or down to the mantle transition zone via subduction (Yang et al., 2014, 2015a; Robinson et al., 2015; Moe et al., 2018). These new observations and new data strongly suggest that micro‐diamonds and their host podiform chromitite may have formed near the transition zone in the deep mantle, and that they were then transported upward into shallow mantle depths by convection processes. The in‐situ occurrence of micro‐diamonds has been well‐demonstrated by different groups of international researchers, along with other UHP minerals in podiform chromitites and ophiolitic peridotites clearly indicate their deep mantle origin and effectively address questions of possible contamination during sample processing and analytical work. The widespread occurrence of ophiolite‐hosted diamonds and associated UHP mineral groups suggests that they may be a common feature of in‐situ oceanic mantle. The fundamental scientific question to address here is how and where these micro‐diamonds and UHP minerals first crystallized, how they were incorporated into ophiolitic chromitites and peridotites and how they were preserved during transport to the surface. Thus, diamonds and UHP minerals in ophiolites have raised new scientific problems and opened a new window for geologists to study recycling from crust to deep mantle and back to the surface.     

矿山环境评价方法综述

根据5大类型的矿山环境地质问题和矿山整体环境综合评价问题,本文提出:矿山环境评价可划分为单环境问题(要素)评价和多环境问题(要素)综合评价2大类型.     

河北冬奥赛区一次夜间增温过程的数值模拟及诊断

夜间增温是河北冬奥赛区冬季频发的天气现象,对其进行准确的模拟与预报对赛区建设及比赛保障至关重要。本文针对河北冬奥赛区2020年2月8日夜间至9日凌晨发生的一次夜间增温过程,通过引入高分辨率地形数据,利用中尺度区域数值模式WRF4.1.5精细化再现了此次夜间增温过程,并探究了此次过程的气象特征及成因。研究结果表明:此次夜间增温过程受东北冷涡影响,中高空冷平流显著,高低层风切变较强,有明显的平流差异,同时,近地面气象要素变化特征明显,包括相对湿度降低、风速增大、海平面气压降低、地表热通量及长波辐射增强等;增温发生时,强冷平流在范围及强度上均明显增加,导致强烈的下沉运动,使得低层大气温度升高,并且高低层强风切变以及平流差异容易产生垂直混合,等熵面波动明显,湍流加强,进一步加强湍流垂直混合运动,运动热通量输送增强,产生夜间温度异常升高现象。     

桂江流域土壤侵蚀估算及其时空特征分析

桂江流域的水土流失现状研究对珠江三角洲的水生态安全有重要的现实意义。采用修正的通用土壤流失方程（RUSLE）估算了桂江流域的土壤侵蚀模数与年侵蚀总量,分析流域内土壤侵蚀的时空分布特征,探讨了影响该区域土壤侵蚀强度的自然与人文因素。结果表明,桂江流域51.8%的地表都在发生不同程度的土壤侵蚀。从全流域平均土壤侵蚀强度来看,属于中度侵蚀。从土壤侵蚀面积来看,约85%的地表处于微度、轻度与中度侵蚀。4-6月的全流域平均土壤侵蚀强度最大,侵蚀总量也是最大的。流域的土壤侵蚀主要发生在高程在30~600m的低山丘陵-高地地貌区内的林地与耕地中。流域内岩溶区的土壤侵蚀强度随着石漠化程度从无到中度逐渐增加,轻、中度石漠化区的土壤侵蚀强度达到强度侵蚀等级。      

西风爆发事件对暖池厄尔尼诺和冷舌厄尔尼诺的作用——一个概念模型得到的结果

本文通过1个概念模型讨论了西风爆发事件对暖池厄尔尼诺与冷舌厄尔尼诺两种事件的作用,并讨论了它们对应的物理机制。结果表明,由西风爆发所诱导的纬向平流异常和海洋波动对厄尔尼诺的多样性有着至关重要的作用。由于模型包含了最基本的海-洋与大气物理变量及其相互作用机制,本结果可为解释西风爆发事件对厄尔尼诺多样性影响研究提供最基本的框架。     

当代数字测图一体化技术的分析研究

结合目前数字测图一体化发展的需求,对超站仪和PDA相结合的作业方式进行了分析,给出了这种模式的实现方法,对进一步提高外业测图工作效率,减轻工作人员负担,使外业数字测图更加方便快捷具有重要意义。     

河南省罗山县皇城山银矿床地质地球化学特征

皇城山银矿床属火山岩型中低温热液矿床,为丰富此类矿床的研究内容和服务领域,总结该类型银矿成矿条件及地球化学特征具有重要意义,在对成矿地质背景及地球化学异常特征分析研究的基础上,建立了地质 地球化学找矿标志,以期为该类型银矿的普查评价起到借鉴作用。