青藏高原低涡活动的统计研究

利用1980-2004年5～9月逐日08时、20时(北京时,下同)两个时次的500 hPa天气图资料,统计分析了夏季青藏高原低涡(简称高原低涡)的活动特征.结果表明:夏季高原低涡的发生频次具有明显的年代际、年际和季节内变化特征,20世纪90年代以后低涡出现频次较之80年代有下降趋势,7月份是夏季高原低涡的活跃期;青藏高原上产生低涡的四个源地分别为:申扎-改则之间、那曲东北部地区、德格东北部和松潘附近;移出青藏高原的高原低涡在青藏高原上主要有四个涡源:那曲东北部、曲麻莱地区、德格附近和玛沁附近,也存在季节内变化,与青藏高原上产生低涡的涡源不同;部分高原低涡形成后,能在高原上生存36 h以上并发展东移,移动路径主要有东北、东南和向东三条,其中向东北移动的低涡数量最多;而低涡移出青藏高原后的路径与在高原上的移动路径并不相同,移出高原后的低涡多数是向东移动的,其次才向东北、东南移动;高原低涡移出高原时主要有两条路径:一条为东北路径,主要移向河西、宁夏和黄土高原一带;另一条是东南路径,主要移向四川盆地附近,其中,移向黄土高原的低涡最多;移出低涡也表现出一定的年际变化和季节内变化特征;高原低涡移出青藏高原后,多数在12 h内减弱消亡,有些可持续60 h,极少数能存活100 h以上,最长可达192 h,不仅影响我国东部广大地区的降水,甚至可能影响朝鲜半岛和日本;高原低涡在青藏高原上初生时,暖性涡比斜压涡多近两倍,而移出青藏高原后12 h内的低涡性质却发生了很大改变,以斜压涡居多;与60、70年代相比,80年代中期以后高原低涡的发生源地、移动路径和性质等特征都有所改变.     

大连“11．28”翻船事故风浪分析

利用自动气象站资料、常规气象观测资料、NCEP全球再分析资料及WAVEWATCH III模式预报资等料对2012年11月28日大连翻船事故的大风大浪实况、事故成因及演变情况进行分析。结果表明：大连此次翻船事故高空的强冷空气促使冷涡加强,西部大陆高压和蒙古气旋不断加强东移,东南部海上高压稳定少动,蒙古气旋底前部与海上高压顶后部梯度加大,梯度密集区正好位于渤海海峡,造成黄海和渤海偏西大风;低层辐散和中层辐合的垂直结构加强了低层以下的上下扰动,构成南北垂直环流,中层以下动力强迫下沉气流将北侧中层的动量下传至辽东半岛南部地面及黄海、渤海海面,使其不断获得动能,有利于偏西大风的加强;西南向岸大风有利于浪高增长,偏西大风及与其同时增长的大浪是大连地区此次翻船事故的主要原因。     

Analysis of a Vortex Precipitation Event over Southwest China Using AIRS and In Situ Measurements

A strong precipitation event caused by the southwest vortex(SWV), which affected Sichuan Province and Chongqing municipality in Southwest China on 10–14 July 2012, is investigated. The SWV is examined using satellite observations from AIRS(Atmospheric Infrared Sounder), in situ measurements from the SWV intensive observation campaign, and MICAPS(Marine Interactive Computer-Aided Provisioning System) data. Analysis of this precipitation process revealed that:(1)heavy rain occurred during the development phase, and cloud water content increased significantly after the dissipation of the SWV;(2) the area with low outgoing longwave radiation values from AIRS correlated well with the SWV;(3) variation of the temperature of brightness blackbody(TBB) from AIRS reflected the evolution of the SWV, and the values of TBB reduced significantly during the SWV's development; and(4) strong temperature and water vapor inversions were noted during the development of the SWV. The moisture profile displayed large vertical variation during the SWV's puissant phase,with the moisture inversion occurring at low levels. The moisture content during the receding phase was significantly reduced compared with that during the developing and puissant phases. The vertical flux of vapor divergence explained the variation of the moisture profile. These results also indicate the potential for using AIRS products in studying severe weather over the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings, where in situ measurements are sparse.     

热带西太平洋热状况年代际和年际变化特征分析

采用谐波分析和EOF分析方法,对比研究了暖池区域表层热状况(海表温度距平SST'表征)和浅层热状况(热含量距平HS'和次表层海温距平ST'表征)在1月和7月的年代际、年际尺度时空特征.分析结果表明:⑴不同季节的年代际、年际尺度SST'和HS'都存在两个显著模态,HS'1月的年代际、年际尺度结构最简单,而SST'7月的年代际和1月年际结构最复杂;⑵ 1970年代末和1980年代初发生的年代际跃变HS'晚于SST', 且SST'(HS')呈增温(减少)趋势;⑶ HS'的年际异常与ENSO关系密切,而SST'与ENSO关系不显著.     

Palmer干旱指数与降水距平在陕西对比应用

利用陕西省96个气象站1971-2005年月平均气温、降水资料,计算各气象站35 a逐月帕默尔干旱指数(PDSI)和降水距平百分率.对比分析表明:PDSI不是采用简单的时段平均,它考虑因子全面,除降水外,还考虑蒸散、气温等综合因素,并引入气候适宜值的概念,因此计算结果与实际基本吻合,能反映出干旱过程,具有更大的时空尺度.在夏季高温蒸发较大的地区,PDSI比降水距平百分率描述干旱强度更准确.     

引起广西西风系统特大暴雨的低空急流分析

对1990～2004年的15年间特大暴雨天气过程进行分析研究,探讨低空急流的发生发展规律和急流对广西西风系统特大暴雨的影响。     

一次人工增雨作业云回波个例分析

根据雷达连续观测所获取的降水回波资料,对2000年7月29日人工增雨作业前后的天气背景、雷达回波演变等特征进行分析,得到了一些有益的结论。     

一类退缩反应扩散方程组初边值问题解的存在性和唯一性

利用紧性理论，证明了扩散现象中出现的一类退缩抛物型方程组初边值问题解的存在性和唯一性。     

A Primary Observation on Palynofacies of the Chuangde Section (Late Jurassic-Cretaceous), Gyangzê, Southern Tibet

A primary study on palynofacies, which concerns the paleoenvironments from the sight of association of sedimentary organic matter preserved in sedimentary rocks, is conducted for a Late Jurassic-Cretaceous succession at Gyangzê, southern Tibet. Two palynofacies are recognized, which are formed in different sedimentary environments. The one in the pelagic is infertile in organic productivity and monotonous in component and is dominated by AOMA, while the other, being closely bound up with the slope, is characterized by abundant black phytoclasts that are possibly of algal origin and contains much AOM. The influence of terrestrial input is clear in the latter, for particles generated from terrestrial plants are common. A number of fossil spores and pollen together with some dinocysts are discovered, but they are normally in a bad condition of preservation. Nevertheless, this convinces us that the late Jurassic-Cretaceous succession in the Gyangzê area has a potential for palynological stratigraphy. We have also proved that the volume of PM can achieve similar results in presenting the productivity of organic matter as the weight of TOC does. This technique is much easier in the laboratory than that we do with TOC.     

深海碎屑岩层序地层学50年(1970—2020)重要进展

层序地层学是当前地球科学研究颇为关注的领域,被广泛应用于沉积盆地分析和油气勘探.碎屑岩层序地层学理论方法源于海相盆地,是在被动大陆边缘油气勘探实践的基础上凝练而来的,至今已经历了约50年的发展历程.本文梳理了深海碎屑岩层序过去50年发展历程中的重要进展(包括1970—2000年的经典海相碎屑岩层序地层学、2000—20...