居住环境剥夺测度及其对房价的影响——以兰州市为例

小区是居民日常生活和构建社会关系的重要场所,由于居住环境差异,导致剥夺现象发生。为探究居住环境剥夺对房价的作用机制,构建居住环境剥夺测度体系,创新了居住环境剥夺指数计算方法,运用混合地理加权回归模型和地理探测器分析居住环境剥夺与房价的关系。结果表明：（1） 兰州市平均房价为12566.93元·m^-2,空间上呈现出多核心、组团式分布格局,表现为从核心向外逐级递减的趋势。（2） 基于6个维度服务设施数量和种类差异,居住环境剥夺也呈现出不同空间分布格局。（3） 所有服务剥夺均与房价呈负相关,教育服务剥夺对房价影响力最强,生活服务剥夺对房价影响力最弱,教育和交通服务剥夺交互作用对房价解释力最强。研究结果对促进资源配置公平和城市健康快速发展至关重要。     

内蒙古西部额济纳旗地区X井油气显示特征与油气源探讨

根据内蒙古额济纳旗地区X井白垩系额济纳旗组、侏罗系麻木乌苏组、古生界顶面风化壳等不同层段的油气显示特征和钻井泥浆烃类气体组分、甲烷C同位素的分析结果,认为侏罗系和白垩系油气显示特征相同,为油与气显示,气体样品的干燥系数(C1/C总)为0.80~0.87,甲烷C同位素δ13C1为-48.19‰~-50.87‰,表现了低成熟热解气的特征;古生界风化壳为气显示,天然气干燥系数(C1/C总)为0.91~0.92,甲烷C同位素δ13C1为-21.56‰~-30.91‰,表现了高成熟热解气的特征。该井及邻区的中生界、古生界烃源岩干酪根类型及其演化程度具有显著的差别,中生界烃源岩以低成熟混合型干酪根为主,古生界烃源岩为成熟—高成熟(或过成熟)的混合型-腐泥型干酪根。表明该区存在以中生界侏罗系—白垩系低成熟烃源岩为油气源的油气系统和古生界高成熟(或过成熟)烃源岩为气源的油气系统,指示了古生界油气资源前景。     

基于DEM的交通线文化景观感知与功能分段研究——紫荆关长城景观的实证

在已有景观感知度概念和模型基础上,根据景观规模和特征将交通线某一具体位置的景观感知度划分为单点景观、多点景观和组景观感知度,并提出了基于集合表达的交通线景观感知度模型,以解决在一组特定的线性空间单元或区域上开展景观感知的研究和计算问题。以紫荆关长城文化景观为例,利用DEM进行景观视域分析,并引入资源价值、遗存现状等权重因子,实现了紫荆关附近公路和铁路线的景观感知度定量计算。根据景观感知度的空间格局,准确划分了敌台、烽火台和马面等单点景观、墙体景观及各类组景观和综合景观的最佳感知功能路段和最佳观赏位置。总体来看,紫荆关附近的公路线可感知位置连续性更强,铁路线高感知位置相对离散,公路感知效果整体优于铁路感知。交通线景观感知度模型特别适合用于大型造型地貌、宏伟建筑群等景观感知分析,是对旅游景观规划设计方法的一种扩充,能够将旅游景观规划设计从旅游地内部拓展到旅游地外围,对于提高旅游景观导引设计的精准性、提升旅游文化传播效率和增加传播途径等均有理论参考意义和实践应用价值。     

Groundwater System Division and Description of Asia

Based on landform, climate, river system, geological structure and hydrogeological structure and from the perspective of systematology, the groundwater system of Asia can be divided into 36 secondary groundwater systems under 11 primary ones by the intercontinental scale. This forms part of the work of the groundwater series map of Asia, which is compiled according to groundwater system division and evaluation of the total amount and types of aquifer, reflecting the large-scale features of groundwater resources in Asia. Systematic profiling of groundwater in this way provides a scientific basis for groundwater exploitation planning and management in Asia, and avoiding disputes over groundwater resources and the environment among Asian countries.     

土地覆被的气候预测模型

在全国挑选了东北、华北、华中、西南、华南、西北、新疆和西藏8个试验区,采用人工神经网络和逐步回归方法,应用温度、降水对植被指数进行预报(气候因子超前土地覆盖特征量24个月).试报结果表明:在对植被指数的预报上,人工神经网络优于逐步回归.同时尝试性的将神经网络预报方法与逐步回归方法结合起来作预报,即应用逐步回归挑选出来的预报因子作为神经网络的外部输入精选因子,进行神经网络模拟预报.研究表明,对神经网络的预报因子进行精选,可事先排除一些干扰信息,对提高神经网络的预报准确率有所帮助.     

盐碱化湿地稻-鱼复合生态系统微生物特征

为揭示盐碱化湿地稻-鱼复合生态系统微生物群落结构特征,1994-1995年,对松嫩平原苏打盐碱化湿地稻-鱼复合生态系统水体与土壤中的微生物数量及种群组成进行了初步研究。结果表明,稻-鱼湿地水体中异养细菌数量显著高于稻田湿地(P<0.05),季节变化特点为秋季>夏季>春季。异养细菌的数量分布与鱼产量有显著相关关系(r=0.879)。稻-鱼湿地系统的土壤微生物数量明显高于稻田湿地(P<0.01)。稻-鱼湿地和稻田湿地分别检测出10个和11个属的异养细菌。稻-鱼湿地系统1个生长期细菌的平均生物量为0.973g/m3,生产量为307.5 kg/hm2,所提供的鱼产力为7.0 kg/hm2。     

Neumann stochastic finite element method for calculating temperature field of frozen soil based on random field theory

To study the effect of uncertain factors on the temperature field of frozen soil, we propose a method to calculate the spatial average variance from just the point variance based on the local average theory of random fields. We model the heat transfer coefficient and specific heat capacity as spatially random fields instead of traditional random variables. An analysis for calculating the random temperature field of seasonal frozen soil is suggested by the Neumann stochastic finite element method, and here we provide the computational formulae of mathematical expectation, variance and variable coefficient. As shown in the calculation flow chart, the stochastic finite element calculation program for solving the random temperature field, as compiled by Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) software, can directly output the statistical results of the temperature field of frozen soil. An example is presented to demonstrate the random effects from random field parameters, and the feasibility of the proposed approach is proven by comparing these results with the results derived when the random parameters are only modeled as random variables. The results show that the Neumann stochastic finite element method can efficiently solve the problem of random temperature fields of frozen soil based on random field theory, and it can reduce the variability of calculation results when the random parameters are modeled as spatially random fields.     

香花岭矿田地质特征与地球化学的关系

通过对香花岭矿田地质特征、地球化学资料的综合研究,总结了香花岭矿田地球化学特征及成矿模式,指明了找矿方向.     

Study on characteristics and regeneration rules of Salix gordejevii in Hunshandak Sandland, China

Salix gordejevii, a species of dune-fixing pioneer shrub in the Hunshandak Sandland in China, plays a vital role in maintenance and improvement of the local ecological environment. Salix gordejevii has an r-type reproductive countermeasure, which means it produces large quantities of seeds that have a high germination rate but relatively low seedling viability. Our research on the seed regeneration and sprouting regeneration characteristics of Salix gordejevii shows that its sprouting regeneration process is more productive and efficient than its seed regeneration process. At the same time, growth of Salix gordejevii would decline when the drifting sand dune was fixed. To assess its sprouting regeneration process, we analyzed the number, length, and diameter of new shoots under different cutting treatments, and found significant differences based on various cutting heights and different cutting times (April vs. October). We conclude that cutting measures which take advantage of this species’ robust sprout tillering can increase the biomass of this shrub and also can improve its canopy density and its forage properties for livestock grazing, with the added benefits of improved sand-fixing and prevention of wind erosion.     

青藏高原云的研究进展

青藏高原东侧九龙地区是西南涡多发区,利用该地区新型探测设备开展云探测,有助于增强对西南涡多发区云特征的认识。利用2018—2019年6—8月九龙站地基微波辐射计资料,分析了该地区夏季非降水云的出现率、液态水路径及过冷水路径的观测特征。结果表明：九龙夏季非降水云出现率月均值在67%~82%之间,以低云和中云为主,高云较少;低云出现率表现为白天低、夜间高,而中云和高云则相反;云出现率的垂直分布表现为单峰形态,在约2 km高度存在云出现率峰值8.1%;受大气热力层结日变化影响,云出现率的单峰垂直分布呈现日夜差异。另外,九龙夏季非降水云的液态水路径均值为0.433 kg·m^-2,其中低云、中云、高云的液态水路径均值分别为0.665、0.240、0.102 kg·m^-2;低云的液态水路径日变化特征与其出现率相似,而中云和高云的液态水路径日变化特征不明显。此外,九龙夏季非降水云中冷云的过冷水路径均值为0.154 kg·m^-2,其中低云、中云、高云的过冷水路径均值分别为0.065、0.166、0.102 kg·m^-2;总体上过冷水路径在液态水路径中的占比约为34.3%~38.8%,过冷水路径占比随云的高度而增大,这使得中云和高云的过冷水路径日变化与其液态水路径相似。与同纬度华中地区相比,九龙夏季非降水云具有明显不同的特征,这与两地之间的大气水汽特征差异密切相关。