塔北西部英买力地区英买2工区古生界盐构造样式研究

盐构造研究对于油气勘探和理论研究均有着重要的意义。塔北隆起是塔里木盆地的重要勘探区块。根据地震及钻井资料,研究了塔北隆起西部英买力地区英买2 工区古生界盐构造样式、形成机制及其对区域构造的影响。塔北隆起西部古生界发育了与中寒武统膏盐岩有关的盐构造样式,包括盐丘、盐上逆断层、盐上正断层。通过相干图分析可见盐丘从底到顶展示出有规律的变化,盐底变形强的地区在顶部变形弱,而盐底变形弱的地区在顶部变形强;变形强弱的不同在相干图上表现为与周围不协调的椭圆,从盐丘底部到顶部,椭圆的长轴方向逆时针旋转了30°,反映了变形时有走滑运动的分量存在。通过演化剖面恢复,认为古生界盐构造在古生代末基本形成了现在的形态,在三叠纪断裂重新活动,伴随着生长地层发育。膏盐层的分隔作用造成了构造层次之间构造样式的不协调及其分层性特征,盐构造形成的构造裂隙控制了后期火成岩的发育部位。     

郑州市区断裂深循环型地热资源计算与评价

地热资源是一利用前景广阔的新型清洁环保能源。对郑州市区断裂深循环型热储模型进行了分析,采用积存热量法（体积法）对断裂深循环型地热资源进行了计算与评价,最后提出建议：建议河南省加大地热资源勘查投入力度,严格执行有关行业标准,进行系统的地热勘查评价工作。     

南阳盆地新野县地裂缝现状分析

对南阳盆地新野县地裂缝发生的地质环境背景、发育现状、成因及防治对策进行了论证;确定膨胀土为引发地裂缝的主要因素;分析了膨胀土的分布规律、岩性特征、埋藏深度、土体性质及气象条件等因素;对膨胀势进行评价,判定为弱膨胀土,具蒙脱石含量较高,具高塑限、高液限,高收缩性的特点;并提出了地裂缝的防治对策。     

Vertical variations and composition of dissolved free amino acid in the seawater of the Yap Trench in the western Pacific Ocean

The composition and concentration of dissolved free amino acid (DFAA) of seawater samples collected in May 2016 from the surface to the hadal zone of the northern region of the Yap Trench were analyzed by pre-column derivatization of o-phthalaldehyde. Results show that the average concentration of DFAA in the study area was 0.47±0.36 µmol/L. In different sampling stations, the concentrations of DFAA with water depth showed complex variation patterns. At the sediment-seawater interface, the concentrations of DFAA in the western side of the trench were obviously higher than that in its eastern side. In the study area, there were no significant correlations between the concentrations of DFAA and the environmental parameters such as concentrations of chlorophyll a (Chl a), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), indicating that the concentrations of DFAA in seawater of the trench are affected by many factors, such as photosynthesis, respiration, temperature, pressure, illumination, and circulation. The dominant DFAA are similar in different water layers of sampling stations, including aspartic acid (Asp), glutamic acid (Glu), glycine (Gly), and serine (Ser). The composition of different amino acids, and the relative abundance of acidic, basic, and neutral amino acids might be related to the sources and consumption of various amino acids. Nine pairs of amino acids in the DFAA showed significantly positive relationship by correlation matrix analysis, suggesting that they might share similar biogeochemical processes. The degradation index (DI) of the DFAA in seawater of the Yap Trench could reflect the degradation, source, and freshness of DFAA in the trench to some extents. This is a preliminary study of amino acids from sea surface to hadal zone in the ocean, more works shall be done in different trenches to reveal their biogeochemical characteristics in extreme marine environments.

     

Effect of compressive strength on the performance of the NEMO-LIM model in Arctic Sea ice simulation

Satellite records show that the extent and thickness of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean have significantly decreased since the early 1970s. The prediction of sea ice is highly important, but accurate simulation of sea ice variations remains highly challenging. For improving model performance, sensitivity experiments were conducted using the coupled ocean and sea ice model (NEMO-LIM), and the simulation results were compared against satellite observations. Moreover, the contribution ratios of dynamic and thermodynamic processes to sea ice variations were analyzed. The results show that the performance of the model in reconstructing the spatial distribution of Arctic sea ice is highly sensitive to ice strength decay constant (C^rhg). By reducing the C^rhg constant, the sea ice compressive strength increases, leading to improved simulated sea ice states. The contribution of thermodynamic processes to sea ice melting was reduced due to less deformation and fracture of sea ice with increased compressive strength. Meanwhile, dynamic processes constrained more sea ice to the central Arctic Ocean and contributed to the increases in ice concentration, reducing the simulation bias in the central Arctic Ocean in summer. The root mean square error (RMSE) between modeled and the CryoSat-2/SMOS satellite observed ice thickness was reduced in the compressive strength-enhanced model solution. The ice thickness, especially of multiyear thick ice, was also reduced and matched with the satellite observation better in the freezing season. These provide an essential foundation on exploring the response of the marine ecosystem and biogeochemical cycling to sea ice changes.

     

山东济宁金乡大蒜产地重金属在土壤—农作物中迁移转化特征研究

基于金乡县南部地区土地质量地球化学调查与评价项目,系统采集表层土壤和大蒜样品,对As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn共8种重金属元素全量及形态数据进行深入分析,研究发现,土壤重金属形态除Cd、Hg外以残渣态占绝对优势;重金属生物可利用系数与SOM、pH、CEC均呈负相关;大蒜植株不同部位对元素的富集特征具有明显差异性,As、Cd、Cr、Pb、Ni、Cu、Zn表现为须根>叶身>假茎>蒜头;蒜头Cd与土壤Cd全量呈显著性正相关,其余元素与对应土壤中全量相关关系不明显。     

面向山地徒步应急救援路径规划的改进蚁群算法研究

当消防事故发生在无明显道路或道路稀疏的野外复杂山区时,如何在复杂山地环境中规划安全、快速通过的路线至关重要。针对蚁群算法在复杂山地路径规划中容易陷入局部最优以及搜索时间较长的问题,本文提出一种适用于细粒度野外山地环境的徒步应急救援路径规划算法。本文首先根据已有文献分析地表信息与人类运动速度之间的关系,综合地表灌木盖度与地形坡度因素设计寻优算法的目标函数和启发函数;接着采用定向范围视野的蚂蚁搜索方式,决定蚁群算法寻优过程中每一步的网格选择;最后采用拉普拉斯分布调整初始信息素、添加隔离信息素、融合遗传算子与分组更新常规信息素的方法改进蚁群算法。将算法应用到400×400、1000×1000、5000×5000、10 000×10 000网格数的野外山地环境进行实验对比,实验结果表明,采用定向范围视野与优化启发函数的各蚁群算法在四组实验中均能得到可行路径,验证了方法的有效性;本文算法求解的路径质量优于另外三种算法,在四组实验中分别提高了0.52%～4.95%、4.71%～5.39%、2.26%～13.11%、3.84%～9.16%;此外,在野外三维山地环境中,定向范围视野的搜索方式缩减了搜索...     

正二十面体六边形全球离散格网编码运算

全球离散格网系统是指把地球表面按照一定规则离散分割成多分辨率层次结构的格网单元,广泛应用于海量多源空间数据的组织、管理和分析中。六边形全球离散格网具有优良的几何特性,非常适合于空间数据的处理,如何进一步提高六边形全球离散格网编码运算的效率仍是当前研究的重点。本文采用正二十面体施耐德投影四孔径六边形全球离散格网模型,基于六边形三轴坐标与编码的二进制数的对应关系构建四孔六边形的基础编码结构,将二十面体划分为32个基础六边形,并将之分为3种基础六边形剖分瓦片,在每个六边形剖分瓦片采用基础编码结构进行编码,建立了四孔六边形全球离散格网编码,同时设计了并实现了四孔六边形编码与六边形三轴坐标之间的快速转换,基于此构建了一种高效的四孔六边形全球离散格网编码运算方案,包括编码的算数运算、空间拓扑运算和邻域检索运算及跨面运算。与现有的六边形全球离散格网编码运算方案相比,本文的方案进一步提高了编码算数运算、空间拓扑运算和邻域检索运算的效率,编码加法运算是HLQT的2～3倍,邻域检索运算分别是HLQT的3～5倍和H3的2～3倍,且受格网编码层次的影响较小,编码的跨面邻域检索运算时间略高于面内的运算,可以为全...     

The evolution of the z distribution of normal neutron stars in the Galaxy

Under the two initial 1‐D one parameter velocity distribution forms (one is normal, the other is exponential), the z direction scale height evolution of normal neutron stars in the Galaxy is studied by numerical simulation. We do statistics for the cases at different time segments, also do statistics for the cumulative cases made of each time segment. The results show in the cumulative cases the evolution curves of the scale heights are smoother than in the each time segment, i.e., the cumulation improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio. Certainly the evolution cases are different at different Galactic disk locations, which also have very large difference from the average cases in the whole disk. In the initial stages of z evolution of normal neutron stars, after the beginning transient states, the cumulative scale heights increase linearly with time, and the cumulative scale height increasing rates have linear relationship with the initial velocity distribution parameters, which have larger fluctuation in the vicinity of the Sun than in the whole disk. We utilize the linear relationship of the cumulative scale height increasing rates vs. the initial velocity distribution parameters in the vicinity of the Sun to make comparison with the observation near the Sun. The results show if there is no magnetic decay, then the deserved initial velocity parameters are obvious lower than the present well known results from some authors; whereas if introducing magnetic decay, for the 1‐D normal case we can make consistence among concerning results using magnetic decay time values which are supported by some authors, while for the 1‐D exponential case the results show the lackness of young pulsar samples in the larger z in the vicinity of the Sun (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

The “Same Side – Opposite Side Effect” of the Heliospheric Current Sheet in Ionospheric Negative Storms

Using 141 CME-interplanetary shock (CME-IPS) events and foF2 from eight ionosonde stations from January 2000 to September 2005, from the statistical results we find that there is a “same side?–?opposite side effect” in ionospheric negative storms, i.e., a large portion of ionospheric negative disturbances are induced by the same-side events (referring to the CMEs whose source located on the same side of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS) as the Earth), while only a small portion is associated with the opposite-side events (the CMEs source located on the opposite side of the HCS as the Earth); the ratio is 128 vs. 46, and it reaches 41 vs. 14 for the intense ionospheric negative storms. In addition, the ionospheric negative storms associated with the same-side events are often more intense. A comparison of the same-side event (4 April 2000) and the opposite-side event (2 April 2001) shows that the intensity of the ionospheric negative storm caused by the same-side event is higher than that by the opposite-side event, although their initial conditions are quite similar. Our preliminary results show that the HCS has an “impeding” effect to CME-IPS, which results in a shortage of energy injection in the auroral zone and restraining the development of ionospheric negative perturbations.