平端深海偏顶蛤(Gigantidas platifrons)实验室蓄养过程鳃部含菌上皮细胞超微结构动态变化研究

平端深海偏顶蛤(Gigantidasplatifrons)是南海台西南冷泉区的典型优势物种,鳃丝上皮细胞内共生大量甲烷氧化菌,通过甲烷有氧氧化合成有机物为共生体系提供物质能量,是平端深海偏顶蛤赖以生存的重要能量来源器官,溶酶体在共生体系的营养互作和稳态维持中可能发挥重要作用,本研究使用电镜技术观测了常压培养过程中(0d,30d,90d)平端深海偏顶蛤共生体系中共生菌和溶酶体的动态变化,通过鳃上皮含菌细胞超显微结构的变化研究常压培养对深海共生体系的影响,并探讨溶酶体在宿主—共生菌营养传递和共生菌群稳态维持中的关键作用。研究发现,在原位状态样品中(0d)共生菌和溶酶体呈极化分布,细胞结构完整清晰;蓄养30d后,含菌细胞出现明显破碎,共生菌数量大幅降低,溶酶体数量、范围和消化程度大幅增加,对细胞顶端的甲烷氧化菌进行分解;而90d后,共生菌在溶酶体的作用下消失殆尽,鳃部有明显细胞脱落后留下的坑洞,细胞呈现空泡状,无法明确区分各种细胞组分。上述结果展示了长期常压蓄养过程中鳃上皮含菌细胞中溶酶体与甲烷氧化菌的动态变化,推测当共生菌丢失后溶酶体也同步降低活跃度,平端深海偏顶蛤在共生互作中通过溶酶体主导消化和调控共生菌。     

基于水边线等高的海岸带卫星影像定位方法

针对海岸带和海岛(礁)稀少地面控制区域控制条件不足和定位精度较低等情况,将水边线等高条件与有理函数模型(RFM)相结合,充分利用海岸带卫星影像的特点,将水边线等高点引入平差,提出了一种基于水边线等高的海岸带稀少地面控制卫星影像定位方法。实验结果表明,在同样稀少地面控制情况下,该方法与未加入等高控制条件的海岸带卫星影像定位方法相比,高程定位精度有了明显的提高;在离海岛较近的大陆岸边布设控制点,利用本文方法同样可以在海岛获取较高的定位精度。这对于稀少地面控制条件下海岸带、海岛(礁)地理信息的精确获取,具有重要意义。     

基于最近邻支撑向量特征线融合算法的核爆地震识别

为增强核爆地震模式分类器的泛化能力以提高对核爆炸事件的准确识别能力,论文提出了一种选择支撑向量样本集来表征训练样本集的最近邻支撑向量特征线分类算法,用以训练时扩展核爆地震的训练样本库,提高分类器的泛化能力.该算法用于核爆炸和地震的识别结果发现,和最近邻特征线分类器相比,提出的算法降低了计算复杂度,但识别能力却有些许降低.对新算法的分析发现,纯粹的支撑向量集不能完全代表原始样本空间集,支撑向量比例在其中有重要作用,为发挥支撑向量比例的作用以提高核爆分类器的识别能力,提出了最近邻支撑向量特征线融合算法.最后以核爆地震数据库对上述算法进行了检验和分析,理论分析和识别结果证实,在相同的训练样本选择条件下,最近邻支撑向量特征线融合算法对于核爆炸的识别来说具有较好的泛化能力,正确识别率达到90.3%,且优于支持向量机算法和最近邻特征线算法.     

构造沉降是控制近代洞庭湖演变的关键因素吗?——评《洞庭湖地质环境系统分析》

本文对以研究近代洞庭湖演变趋势为主要内容的《洞庭湖地质环境系统分析》的系列研究成果进行评论 ,认为采用“假设 -演绎法”研究洞庭湖演变得出的结论 ,依然建立在假设的基础上 ,并不可靠。文中还对该系列成果提出的“构造沉降是控制洞庭湖演变的关键因素”的论点和一些所谓的“构造沉降”表现及其计算数据提出质疑 ,认为近代洞庭湖的演变不是由内动力“构造沉降”控制 ,而是主要受入湖水沙条件变化、人工围垦湖滩和湖面———基面上升等外动力的作用和影响。     

一次雷击事故成因分析及其防御措施

通过对2007年8月7日钦州市某制药厂综合楼遭受一次严重的雷击事故的成因分析,找出其存在的问题和误区,并针对发现的问题提出有效的整改防御措施。     

基于SGOG瓦块的数字地球真三维可视化技术与应用

以Google Earth为代表的第一代数字地球平台,利用球面剖分瓦片,构建了2.5维静态的数字地球表面,实现了地表空间数据的集成、建模和应用,但没有涉及地表上下的空间。本文阐述了球体大圆弧QTM八叉树剖分的规则、瓦块体系的几何特征及其编码原理,设计并实现了瓦块编码到空间直角坐标之间的互换算法,并利用C++和OSG等主流语言,构建了真三维数字地球可视化平台的雏形框架;实现了球面和球体的任意剖分、地表上下空间实体的可视化建模及简单三维空间分析。初步展示了球体瓦块的新一代数字平台在天地一体化空间大数据集成、管理、建模与应用中的优势及前景。研究表明,球体大圆弧QTM八叉树网格,具有简单、规整、几何特征明晰、适宜作为全球离散空间的坐标基准,利于空间实体建模与可视化等特点,可作为构建新一代数字地球平台的数据模型基础。     

Responses of soil moisture to vegetation restoration type and slope length on the loess hillslope

Soil moisture, a critical variable in the hydrologic cycle, is highly influenced by vegetation restoration type. However, the relationship between spatial variation of soil moisture, vegetation restoration type and slope length is controversial. Therefore, soil moisture across soil layers (0-400 cm depth) was measured before and after the rainy season in severe drought (2015) and normal hydrological year (2016) in three vegetation restoration areas (artificial forestland, natural forestland and grassland), on the hillslopes of the Caijiachuan Catchment in the Loess area, China. The results showed that artificial forestland had the lowest soil moisture and most severe water deficit in 100-200 cm soil layers. Water depletion was higher in artificial and natural forestlands than in natural grassland. Moreover, soil moisture in the shallow soil layers (0-100 cm) under the three vegetation restoration types did not significantly vary with slope length, but a significant increase with slope length was observed in deep soil layers (below 100 cm). In 2015, a severe drought hydrological year, higher water depletion was observed at lower slope positions under three vegetation restoration types due to higher transpiration and evapotranspiration and unlikely recharge from upslope runoff. However, in 2016, a normal hydrological year, there was lower water depletion, even infiltration recharge at lower slope positions, indicating receiving a large amount of water from upslope. Vegetation restoration type, precipitation, slope length and soil depth during a rainy season, in descending order of influence, had significant effects on soil moisture. Generally, natural grassland is more beneficial for vegetation restoration than natural and artificial forestlands, and the results can provide useful information for understanding hydrological processes and improving vegetation restoration practices on the Loess Plateau     

Relationship between surface pollen assemblages and vegetation in Luonan Basin,Eastern Qinling Mountains,Central China

The catchment of South Luohe River in Central China is an important region for investigating modern pollen-environment relationship, because it is located in the transitional zone between south and north China, an environment which is sensitive to climate changes. In this study, 40 surface samples under ten vegetation types were collected to reveal the relationship between pollen assemblages and vegetation. The results show that the surface pollen assemblages reflect the vegetation quite well. In forest topsoils, the average of arboreal pollen content is greater than 40%, and the Selaginella sinensis spore is high. As to sparse forest grassland and shrub community, the average arboreal pollen is 13.2% and 16.6% respectively, and the shrub pollen is relatively higher than that of grassland samples. The grassland and farmland are characterized by low percentage of tree and shrub pollen (<10% and <1%), and high percentage of herbs (>80%). Pinus, Quercus and some other arboreal pollen can indicate the regional vegetation because of their dispersal ability. Quercus pollen is under-representative and so is Pinus. Artemisia pollen is significantly over-represented, has poor correlation with the plant coverage, and may reflect human disturbance. Gramineae can indicate plant quite well, but with low representation. High content of Chenopodiaceae probably suggests human impact. Predominant Selaginella sinensis can be used as an indicator of forest environment. Cluster analysis and principal components analysis of pollen assemblages can distinguish forest and non-forest vegetation well. The former method is better at separating pine and mixed forests, while the latter is more stable and could better differentiate farmland and other non-forest area. The first axis of PCA mainly reflects the humidity.     

断裂输导油气的机制及侧向分流控制因素探讨

断裂是具有复杂内部结构的地质体,是地下油气运移的重要通道。断裂可向空间各个方向输导油气,其中,纵向输导加侧向分流是断裂输导油气成藏的基本方式。在断裂活动周期的不同阶段,断裂输导油气的机制存在差异,特点也不尽相同;用圈闭充满度作为评定侧向分流强度的依据,分别比较储层、上覆泥岩、断层各要素与其相关性,综合评定认为上覆泥岩厚度是控制侧向分流的主要因素,储层厚度次之;总结认为,断裂输导具有“断-盖”联控的特点;珠一坳陷断裂输导成藏具有“双峰型”特征,区域性盖层与输导机制耦合控制了充注高峰分布。