Meso‐Cenozoic Tectonothermal History of Permian Strata,Southwestern Weibei Uplift: Insights from Thermochronology and Geothermometry

This study provides an integrated interpretation for the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonothermal evolutionary history of the Permian strata in the Qishan area of the southwestern Weibei Uplift, Ordos Basin. Apatite fission-track and apatite/zircon(U-Th)/He thermochronometry, bitumen reflectance, thermal conductivity of rocks, paleotemperature recovery, and basin modeling were used to restore the Meso-Cenozoic tectonothermal history of the Permian Strata. The Triassic AFT data have a pooled age of ～180±7 Ma with one age peak and P(χ2)=86%. The average value of corrected apatite(U-Th)/He age of two Permian sandstones is ～168±4 Ma and a zircon(U-Th)/He age from the Cambrian strata is ～231±14 Ma. Bitumen reflectance and maximum paleotemperature of two Ordovician mudstones are 1.81%, 1.57% and ～210°C, ～196°C respectively. After undergoing a rapid subsidence and increasing temperature in Triassic influenced by intrusive rocks in some areas, the Permian strata experienced four cooling-uplift stages after the time when the maximum paleotemperature reached in late Jurassic:(1) A cooling stage(～163 Ma to ～140 Ma) with temperatures ranging from ～132°C to ～53°C and a cooling rate of ～3°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～1900 m and an uplift rate of ～82 m/Ma;(2) A cooling stage(～140 Ma to ～52 Ma) with temperatures ranging from ～53°C to ～47°C and a cooling rate less than ～0.1°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～300 m and an uplift rate of ～3 m/Ma;(3)(～52 Ma to ～8 Ma) with ～47°C to ～43°C and ～0.1°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～500 m and an uplift rate of ～11 m/Ma;(3)(～8 Ma to present) with ～43°C to ～20°C and ～3°C/Ma, an erosion thickness of ～650 m and an uplift rate of ～81 m/Ma. The tectonothermal evolutionary history of the Qishan area in Triassic was influenced by the interaction of the Qinling Orogeny and the Weibei Uplift, and the south Qishan area had the earliest uplift-cooling time compared to other parts within the Weibei Uplift. The early Eocene at ～52 Ma and the late Miocene at ～8 Ma, as two significant turning points after which both the rate of uplift and the rate of temperature changed rapidly, were two key time for the uplift-cooling history of the Permian strata in the Qishan area of the southwestern Weibei Uplift, Ordos Basin.     

Dual Control of Depositional Facies on Uranium Mineralization in Coal‐bearing Series: Examples from the Tuanyushan Area of the Northern Qaidam Basin,NW China

The uranium deposits in the Tuanyushan area of northern Qaidam Basin commonly occur in coal-bearing series. To decipher the U-enrichment mechanism and controlling factors in this area, a database of 72 drill cores, including 56 well-logs and 3 sampling wells, was examined for sedimentology and geochemistry in relation to uranium concentrations. The results show that coal-bearing series can influence uranium mineralization from two aspects, i.e., spatial distribution and dynamic control. Five types of uranium-bearing rocks are recognized, mainly occurring in the braided river and braided delta sedimentary facies, among which sandstones near the coals are the most important. The lithological associations of sandstone-type uranium deposits can be classified into three subtypes, termed as U-coal type, coal-U-coal type, and coal-U type, respectively. The coal and fine siliciclastic rocks in the coalbearing series confined the U-rich fluid flow and uranium accumulation in the sandstone near them. Thus, the coal-bearing series can provide good accommodations for uranium mineralization. Coals and organic matters in the coal-bearing series may have served as reducing agents and absorbing barriers. Methane is deemed to be the main acidolysis hydrocarbon in the U-bearing beds, which shows a positive correlation with U-content in the sandstones in the coal-bearing series. Additionally, the δ13 C in the carbonate cements of the U-bearing sandstones indicates that the organic matters, associated with the coal around the sandstones, were involved in the carbonation, one important component of alteration in the Tuanyushan area. Recognition of the dual control of coal-bearing series on the uranium mineralization is significant for the development of coal circular economy, environmental protection during coal utilization and the security of national rare metal resources.     

青藏高原冻土区活动层厚度分布模拟

活动层夏季融化、冬季冻结的近地表土(岩)层,是冻土地区热力动态最活跃的岩层,在冻土研究中有着重要意义.根据青藏高原地区80个气象观测台站1991-2000年的地面温度观测资料结合数字高程模型,计算出青藏高原冻土区的地面冻结指数和地面融化指数,然后应用斯蒂芬公式分别得到多年冻土区的季节融化深度和季节冻土区的季节冻结深度.     

PCR-SPA-MC模型在滑坡稳定性分析中的应用

破坏概率与随机模拟理论在滑坡稳定性分析中得到了广泛地应用。然而,通过对传统破坏概率与随机模拟方法的具体操作发现,其没有考虑到因素相关性的影响,由此笔者引入主成分-逐步回归算法, 建立了PCR-SPA-MC耦合模型。并结合巴东县赵树岭滑坡研究,进行了工程实例分析。分析表明,PCR-SPA-MC模型给出的结果比传统破坏概率法得出的结果更为理想。     

应用Adobe Photoshop定量分析岩石结构

岩石薄片定量研究中常用的有肉眼估计、比较图表估计、数点法和图像分析四种定量或半定量分析方法,但Adobe Photoshop比一般的图像分析软件更能迅速、详细和准确地对岩石结构进行定量。其原理是利用Photoshop软件强大的选取功能,对各结构组分进行精细选取,查看选区像素值和总像素值的比值即可得到各自所占百分含量。因此,能定量分析碳酸盐岩中的颗粒、胶结物和孔隙含量,及各种矿物含量和各类孔隙的面积百分含量,继而可定量化分析碳酸盐岩的成岩和孔隙演化历史。其它岩石类型与此类似。川东北PG2井的实例分析表明,Photoshop定量分析法具有很强的实用性和准确性,可广泛应用于各类岩石结构的定量化研究。     

滇东北DD1井五峰组—龙马溪组地层界线划分及沉积环境演变

DD1井上奥陶统临湘组泥灰岩之上发育大套粉砂质泥岩,笔石化石缺乏,也未发现观音桥段含赫南特贝灰岩标志层,O-S界线通过生物地层和岩石地层方法难以确定.微量、稀土元素分析表明,粉砂质泥岩中部(1288.3 m)的Th、Sr、Y、Th/U以及Cen、Eun、δCe、δEu曲线均呈现尖锐的异常峰,该处∑REE含量显著高于上下...     

The Major Two-stage Shortening Deformation of the Northern Tibet and Tian Shan Area Since the Latest Oligocene

It seems to be progressively recognized that the stress of the India-Asia convergent front can be transferred rapidly through the southern and central Tibetan lithosphere to the northern Tibet, hence leading to the crustal thickening deformation there during or immediately after the onset of the India-Asia collision(ca.55 Ma).This study focuses on the late Cenozoic deformation and tectonic uplift of the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area.Detailed compilations of a variety of proxy data from sediments and bedrocks suggest that the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area underwent one stage of approximately synchronous widespread contractile deformation since 25–20 Ma, which seemed to decrease at circa 18 Ma as revealed by low-temperature thermochronological data.The latest Oligocene-early Miocene was also significant basin-forming episodes when many intermontane subbasins began to receive syntectonic sedimentation in the northeastern Tibet.Subsequently, the other phase of compressional deformation began to encroach more widely into the northern Tibet and Tian Shan area in episodic steps or continuously from 16–12 Ma to present.     

岩土材料极限分析上界法的讨论

现行的极限分析上界法,尽管求解结果合理,但理论上却存在一些矛盾：如试验证明,关联流动法则不适用于岩土材料,而现行解法却采用了关联流动法则;传统分析中假设体积不变,但计算中却出现大于实际的体积剪胀变形;按关联流动法则,应力特征线与速度滑移线重合,但在分析中却采用速度方向与应力特征线方向成 角;实际土体破坏时,破坏面上同时存在着剪切力 和正应力 ,但在计算中却反映不出摩擦功。近年在中国日益兴起的广义塑性力学理论为岩土材料的极限分析方法提供了科学的理论基础。作者提出了基于广义塑性力学的极限分析上界法,消除了上述矛盾,并获得了正确的计算结果。通过同经典算法的比较,证明了两种方法的计算结果几乎是一致的,但现行方法计算简便,因而,可作为一种实用的计算方法。论文还对上述两种算法作了系统的分析与比较,指出了它们求解的相同点与不同点。     

西藏谢通门县雄村铜金矿主要地质体形成的时限：锆石U-Pb、辉钼矿Re-Os年龄的证据

雄村超大型铜金矿床的主要成矿作用发生在具眼球状石英斑晶的石英闪长玢岩及其外接触带强蚀变中细粒凝灰岩中,由产于斑岩体内的细脉浸染型矿体和产于凝灰岩中的细脉浸染型矿体、脉状矿体组成.文章在对含矿岩系及其侵位于含矿岩系的浅成岩和穿切矿体的花岗闪长岩等地质体进行详细的地质填图基础上,对雄村Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号矿体含矿围岩(暂定为雄村组J1-2x)、最早侵位的浅成岩-角闪石英闪长玢岩(J2δομ1)、含矿斑岩--具眼球状角闪石英闪长玢岩(J2δομ)、穿插矿体的黑云母花岗闪长岩(E2γδβ)(谢通门大岩基的一部分)、Ⅱ号矿体矿石中的辉钼矿等,开展了系统的成岩成矿年代学研究.锆石的U-Pb同位素测年结果表明,含矿围岩凝灰岩加权平均年龄为(176±5)Ma(MSWD=0.63;n=9);与成矿有关的含眼球状石英斑晶的石英闪长玢岩加权平均年龄为(173±3)Ma(MSWD=1.16;n=16);穿插侵吞矿体的谢通门大岩基花岗闪长斑岩加权平均年龄为(46.5±1.1)Ma(MSWD=0.83;n=14);所有锆石均显示岩浆成因锆石的特点.锆石U-Pb同位素研究显示含矿围岩形成于早中侏罗世,偏中性的含矿岩体侵位于中侏罗世,而侵吞穿插矿体的大岩基形成时代为始新世.雄村铜金矿Ⅱ号矿体4件辉钼矿样品的Re-Os同位素测定结果显示,辉钼矿w(187Re)为1 269～1 354μg/g,w(187Os)为3 587～3 993 ng/g.辉钼矿的模式年龄为169.5～176.8 Ma,平均模式年龄为(173.2±4.7)Ma(MSWD=5.6),显示成矿年龄为中侏罗世早期.结合多个岩体和岩脉的Ar-Ar同位素年龄测定结果和其他研究者的成果,认为雄村铜金矿属于岛弧型斑岩铜金矿床,由新特提斯洋的早期俯冲所致.雄村岛弧型斑岩铜金矿的发现和勘探、外围找矿的突破及本次系统年代学研究,提供了特提斯洋俯冲阶段成矿的信息,拓宽了西藏冈底斯成矿带新的找矿方向.     

高光谱遥感卫星技术及其地质应用

在收集国内外高光谱技术发展、地质应用与研究实例资料的基础上,主要介绍了国内外高光谱地质应用的现状及其主要进展,并简要介绍了高光谱地质应用的主要技术.结合地质应用成功的实例.分析了高光谱遥感卫星技术在矿物识别与填图、岩性填图、矿产资源勘探、矿业环境监测、油气渗漏监测等地学方面的应用优势与前景,同时指出了目前高光谱遥感卫星技术地质应用存在的主要问题与发展趋势.