地气耦合与灾害的某些讨论

地气耦合是未来灾害学中进一步要研究的问题,下面列举某些问题的讨论。1.冷空气活动朔、望和弦时冷空气活动较多。前人用月球对大气的引力来解释其相关性。我们从地气耦合的观点认为应补充以下的相关机制。月亮的引潮力在中低纬度较大,据观测,在朔望时地下气体易于逸出,故朔望时在中低纬度地区可能有地下热气逸出使中低     

浙江象山海滩岩的发现及其意义

作者于浙江象山爵溪首次发现了全新世海滩岩,并对其岩石学特征、同位素年龄、形成环境等进行了初步研究。爵溪海滩岩目前是我国分布位置最北的全新世海滩岩,据14C年龄测出该地3400多年来海岸的相对沉降速率为0.51mm/a     

临界乳光和λ型在地震预报中的重要意义

1991年在海南岛海口举行的全国地震学专业委员会会议上,我们曾提出了统计物理学中的“临界乳光”和λ型在地震预报中的重要意义。现以短文作简要论述。1、临界乳光临界乳光是指透明液体和气体在临界点时因密度产生巨涨落(即涨落关     

1988年澜沧—耿马大震序列剪切应力值随时间的变化与强余震预报

1988年11月6日澜沧——耿马大震后,在地震现场,利用澜沧地震台记录的2.5≤M_L≤4.9级地震,以清晰的直达P波初动半周期及时估算剪切应力强度,追踪它们随时间的调整变化,并直接用于对后续强余震的预测和序列发展趋势估计。     

动态应力与地震图像变化的相关性初探

列举11个大地震震例研究了发震断层面剪切运动方向与地震活动特征的相关性,提出由震后地震活动条带判断发震断层面走向的方法,结果表明,动态法判定的发震断层面与其它方法判定的发震断层面非常一致。探讨了动态应力场范围、传播和对基本应力场的加强作用,以及动态应力场展布范围与大面积宏观前兆等问题。     

人工重矿物组份的研究法在岩相古地理研究中的应用——以厂坝王家山组浅变质岩系为例

人工重矿物组份的研究,在变质岩地区是一种经常使用的工作方法。因为它对变质岩地区的地层划分与对比、确定母岩区等是十分有效的。此外,在变质岩地区进行沉积相和再造古地理的研究中,它也有不可忽视的作用。这是由于变质岩区的许多原始沉积构造标志大多遭受改造和破坏。有些标志虽尚能辩认,但毕竟有其一定的局限性。而人工重矿物的研究,可以对沉积相观察和分析的结果进行检验和补充。西秦岭大陆边缘沉积学专题组,在对厂坝矿区王家山组的一套浅变质岩系沉积相观察中,利用了人工重砂组份的研究,三年来已取得了不少的成果。一、王家山组沉积和区域古地理的变化特征厂坝矿区,系由一套浅变质岩系组成的含矿地层。根据浅变质岩系的岩性、沉积学及地球化学组合特征,自下而上可划分为三个组。下部为王家山组陆源碎屑岩,中、上部为结晶灰     

A model for solar radio pulsations at short centimetric band

In this paper, the observed solar radio pulsations during the bursts at 9.375 GHz are considered to be excited by some plasma instability. Under the condition of the conservation of energy in the wave-particle interaction, the saturation time of plasma instabilities is inversely proportional to the initial radiation intensity, which may explain why the repetition rate of the pulsations is directly proportional to the radio burst flux at 9.375 GHz as well as 15 GHz and 22 GHz. It is also predicted that the energy released in an individual pulse increases with increasing the flux of radio bursts, the modularity of the pulsations decreases with increasing the flux of radio bursts, these predictions are consistent with the statistical results at 9.375 GHz in different events. The energy density of the non-thermal particles in these events is estimated from the properties of pulsation. For the typical values of the ambient plasma density (10⁹ cm^–3) and the ratio between the nonthermal and ambient electrons (10^–4), the order of magnitude of the energy density and the average energy of the nonthermal electrons is 10^–4 erg/cm³ and 10 kev, respectively. It is interesting that there are two branches in a statistical relation between the repetition rate and the radio burst flux in a special event on March 11–17, 1989, which just corresponds to two different orders of magnitude for the quasi-quantized energy released in these five bursts. This result may be explained by the different ratios between the thermal and the nonthermal radiations.     

基于客流特征的北京地铁站点类型识别

地铁站点是城市各种社会经济活动的关键节点,不同类型的地铁站点在城市中的区域条件、交通功能、土地利用类型等方面均存在差异,科学的站点分类有助于了解城市功能分区及评价轨道交通基础设施建设状况。本文基于2013年3月份14天工作日地铁刷卡客流量数据,运用引入客流特征的时间序列聚类方法,对北京市195个地铁站点进行分类。研究表明：①地铁站点客流量存在时空差异,也是城市功能分区时空差异的表现之一。②通过引入客流特征的时间序列方法,将地铁站点分为居住导向型、就业导向型、职住错位型、错位偏居住型、错位偏就业型、混合型、综合型及其他型8种不同类型。③利用地铁站点客流量数据,是将空间行为和实体空间进行关联比较的有效途径。     

Spatial and temporal variation of drought index in a typical steep alpine terrain in Hengduan Mountains

This study describes the spatial and temporal variation of a drought index and makes inferences regarding the environmental factors that influence this variability in the Hengduan Mountains. A drought index is typically used to determine the moisture conditions and the magnitude of water deficiency in a given area. Based on data from 26 meteorological stations over the period 1960-2012, the spatial and temporal variations of the drought index were analyzed using a thin plate smoothing splines method that considered elevation as a covariate. The drought index was estimated based on the potential evapotranspiration (E₀) as defined by the Penman Monteith model modified by FAO (1998). The results of the reported analysis showed that the drought index in the Hengduan Mountains has been decreasing since 1960 at a rate of -0.008/a. This represented a progressive shift from the "sub-humid" class, which typified the wider area in the Hengduan Mountains, toward the "humid" class, which appeared in the Hengduan Mountains areas. The drought index was relatively high in the north and low in the south and the variation of the drought index varied with seasons. The drought index showed increasing trends in summer and autumn and it is greater in autumn than in summer, while it showed a decreasing trend in spring and winter. Drought index is inversely proportional to the soil relative humidity and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI).