变渗透系数软土一维非线性固结沉降数值模拟

固结沉降计算是工程建筑中的重要内容之一。传统的固结沉降计算多是基于渗透数为常数的Terzaghi模型,这与实际的固结过程有较大的差别。采用Carman—Koze模型与一维非线性固结沉降模型进行耦合来模拟固结沉降过程。结果表明,固结导致的渗透系数的变化对固结有较大的影响,特别是在后期这种影响会越来越大。     

WEP模型全局参数敏感性分析及其在汉江上游流域的应用

水文模型敏感性分析是用来确定控制模型效率关键参数非常有效的过滤工具之一,并可以帮助理解模型结构,乃至发现模型的结构缺陷,从而有可能改善模型结构.本文通过将全局敏感性分析方法的LH-OAT方法应用到WEP-L模型.并在汉江上游向家坪以上流域进行了成功应用.研究发现.通过LH-OAT方法分析,对于汉江上游向家坪以上流域,河道曼宁糙率和坡面曼宁糙率是影响NaSh效率系数最重要的参数.通过对这两个参数的手动调参,模拟的日Nash效率系数从0.35提高到0.75.     

宜昌砾石层的沉积环境及地貌意义

宜昌砾石层上覆中更新世网纹红土,下伏白垩纪红层,共有22个岩性层组成,总厚超过100m。通过对宜昌地区剖面出露砾石层的沉积相分析表明,善溪窑和云池剖面由下至上出现冲积扇扇中-扇根亚相;李家院剖面与上述两剖面间有沉积间断,由下至上出现冲积扇扇端-扇中亚相。粒度分析也证明了该砾石层中的砂体属冲积扇中的辫状水道沉积,与沉积相分析所得结论一致。研究认为,宜昌砾石层具有典型的冲积扇沉积环境特征,主要为冲积扇扇顶部分。该冲积扇在宜昌东南地区如此大规模的发育,显示其形成时具有强大的水动力条件,通过对其形成的地貌环境意义进行探讨,初步认为,该冲积扇为长江三峡贯通的产物。据前人研究推断,宜昌砾石层的形成时代应该在1.08～0.73MaB.P.,三峡贯通应在1.0MaB.P.之前。     

大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)致病性维氏气单胞菌的分离鉴定及其特性分析

大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)是我国重要的淡水养殖经济鱼类品种,目前包括细菌性疾病在内的诸多因素影响了其养殖业的健康发展。维氏气单胞菌是引起淡水鱼败血症和溃疡综合征的重要病原菌。从患病大口黑鲈肝脏组织中分离到1株病原菌,通过形态学观察、生理生化特性分析、16S rRNA序列和特定毒力基因分析对其进行鉴定,并通过人工回归感染试验和药敏试验分析其致病性和耐药性。结果表明该菌为致病性维氏气单胞菌(Aeromonas veronii),含有aer、act、lip、fla、gcaT和OMPA I等毒力基因;药敏试验显示其对头孢曲松、氯霉素、氟苯尼考、强力霉素、四环素、多粘菌素、复方新诺明、左氟沙星等8种抗生素高度敏感,对新霉素、恩诺沙星、庆大霉素、链霉素、阿齐霉素、环丙沙星等6种抗生素中度敏感,对其他8种抗生素具有一定耐药性;人工回归感染实验表明该菌具有较高的致病性,对大口黑鲈的半致死浓度为1.4×10⁶ CFU/mL。维氏气单胞菌是水产养殖中的条件性致病菌,研究结果揭示了该菌株的部分生物学特性,有利于丰富维氏气单胞菌属的基础数据,同时也为鲈鱼养殖过程中的病害防控提供了一定的参考依据。     

Relationship between surface pollen assemblages and vegetation in Luonan Basin,Eastern Qinling Mountains,Central China

The catchment of South Luohe River in Central China is an important region for investigating modern pollen-environment relationship, because it is located in the transitional zone between south and north China, an environment which is sensitive to climate changes. In this study, 40 surface samples under ten vegetation types were collected to reveal the relationship between pollen assemblages and vegetation. The results show that the surface pollen assemblages reflect the vegetation quite well. In forest topsoils, the average of arboreal pollen content is greater than 40%, and the Selaginella sinensis spore is high. As to sparse forest grassland and shrub community, the average arboreal pollen is 13.2% and 16.6% respectively, and the shrub pollen is relatively higher than that of grassland samples. The grassland and farmland are characterized by low percentage of tree and shrub pollen (<10% and <1%), and high percentage of herbs (>80%). Pinus, Quercus and some other arboreal pollen can indicate the regional vegetation because of their dispersal ability. Quercus pollen is under-representative and so is Pinus. Artemisia pollen is significantly over-represented, has poor correlation with the plant coverage, and may reflect human disturbance. Gramineae can indicate plant quite well, but with low representation. High content of Chenopodiaceae probably suggests human impact. Predominant Selaginella sinensis can be used as an indicator of forest environment. Cluster analysis and principal components analysis of pollen assemblages can distinguish forest and non-forest vegetation well. The former method is better at separating pine and mixed forests, while the latter is more stable and could better differentiate farmland and other non-forest area. The first axis of PCA mainly reflects the humidity.     

Thermodynamic properties of snow cover on sea ice during the austral summer in Prydz Bay,East Antarctica

The thermodynamic properties of snow cover on sea ice play a key role in the ice-ocean-atmosphere system and have been a focus of recent scientific research. In this study, we investigated the thermodynamic properties of snow cover on sea ice in the Nella Fjord, Prydz Bay, East Antarctica(69°20′S, 76°07′E), near the Chinese Antarctic Zhongshan Station. Our observations were carried out during the 29th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. We found that the vertical temperature profile of snow cover changed considerably in response to changes in air temperature and solar radiation during the summer. Associated with the changes in the temperature profile were fluctuations in the temperature gradient within the upper 10 cm of the snow cover. Results of previous research have shown that the thermal conductivity of snow is strongly correlated with snow density. To calculate the thermal conductivity in this study, we measured densities in three snow pits. The calculated thermal conductivity ranged from 0.258–0.569 W?m-1?K-1. We present these datasets to show how involved parameters changed, and to contribute to a better understanding of melting processes in the snow cover on sea ice.     

3S技术在辽宁省海岛地名普查中的应用

3S技术因具有快速、准确、实时的导航定位、对地实测和强大的空间信息加工、处理和分析能力,在国防、气象、灾害监测与环境保护、能源、交通、土地资源勘察等领域得以广泛应用。辽宁省海岛地名普查首次采用了3S技术,实现了海岛地名信息和海岛地理基础数据调查与管理的一体化,达到了海岛地理实体、数据信息、外业调查照片的一致性,建立了海岛地名信息系统。详细介绍了辽宁省海岛地名调查中,3S技术在数字化、导航定位和信息识别、提取、勘测、分析、处理以及数据集成等环节中的应用。     

青海德尔尼铜(锌钴)矿床硫化物Cu同位素组成及矿床成因探讨

青海德尔尼铜(锌钴)矿床产出在北西或北西西向超镁铁质岩带中,对其矿床成因长期以来一直存在争议。文中对德尔尼矿床主矿体不同类型硫化物矿石的Cu同位素组成进行了分析,通过与现代海底正在形成的赋存在超镁铁质岩(蛇纹石化橄榄岩)中的块状硫化物矿床进行类比,从构造背景和矿床地质角度探讨了矿床成因,得出以下主要认识:(1)阿尼玛卿构造带可能存在大型拆离断层,超镁铁质岩体和硫化物矿体的产出均与北西向发育的长期活动拆离断层有关;(2)德尔尼矿床属古代海相火山成因块状硫化物矿床,为赋存在超镁铁质岩体中的一个特殊类型(或称为"德尔尼型");(3)硫化物原生矿石Cu同位素组成均为负值,呈富轻Cu同位素特征,表明矿床经历了广泛的后期热液叠加过程。德尔尼矿床控矿构造、岩体特征和后期叠加成矿过程的深入研究不仅对矿床成因认识和找矿具有重要意义,而且为现代海底慢速-超慢速扩张洋中脊超镁铁质岩热液系统成矿研究提供了参考。     

吉林东部延边地区二长花岗岩年代学、岩石成因学及其构造意义研究

高岭岩体位于吉林省延边地区和龙市东侧,大地构造位置上位于华北板块北缘东段,岩性主要为似斑状二长花岗岩,基质为中粒-中细粒结构。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年结果显示,样品YH04和N-5的加权平均年龄分别为172.25±0.97Ma和170.9±0.68Ma,表明岩体侵位时代为中侏罗世。岩石地球化学特征上,高岭岩体样品具有高硅(69.60%~74.30%)、富铝(13.90%~15.80%)、富钾(3.05%~4.50%)和低镁(0.22%~0.82%)及Mg#(26~37)的特点。样品富集轻稀土元素,相对亏损重稀土元素(LREE/HREE=13~21),具有微弱的负Eu到正Eu异常(δEu=0.78~2.14),其稀土元素配分模式图与埃达克岩稀土元素配分模式图类似。高岭岩体样品富集大离子亲石元素Cs、Rb、Ba、K、Sr和高场强元素Th、U和Zr,同时亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta以及P元素。同时样品具有较低的初始87Sr/86Sr值(0.7039~0.7051)和负的εNd(t)值(-0.6~-0.3),且其t DM1和t DM2模式年龄分别为922~928Ma和984~1011Ma,表明研究区新元古代存在地壳增生事件。Sr-Nd同位素特征及岩石地球化学特征表明高岭岩体母源岩浆来源于加厚下地壳基性岩石部分熔融且受到了新元古代增生物质的影响。结合区域构造演化,中侏罗世高岭岩体侵位构造环境可能受到环太平洋构造体系和华北板块与西伯利亚板块持续碰撞的叠加影响。