成层场地基本周期简化计算方法研究

从波动问题物理本质出发,提取阻抗比和周期比作为表征不同土层条件下场地周期变化规律的基本特征量。提出了子层周期贡献系数的概念,并指出其可由阻抗比和周期比唯一确定,建立了周期贡献系数与阻抗比和周期比一般关系。采用子层周期加权累加方式形成一套简单实用且具有明确物理意义的成层场地基本周期估算方法,以传递函数法结果为标准,就240种工况算例与现有简化方法进行对比,给出各方法偏差分析和适用性评价。主要结论为:阻抗比和周期比作为场地周期研究的基本特征量,结果具有完备性;传统法无法反映土层结构对场地周期的影响,对最普遍的渐硬型场地,偏差也有可能达到40%以上,对存在极端软夹层情况其偏差极易大于20%;Hadjian法精度明显优于传统法,但方法和参数本身缺乏明确的物理意义;新方法在一般和极端两种情况下最大偏差均不超过8%,偏差小于5%和2%工况数占比分别达到85%和60%以上,高于Hadjian简化法,可以在实际工程中推广应用。     

基于探地雷达属性分析的典型岩溶不良地质识别方法

采用探地雷达进行岩溶隧道超前地质预报时,受现场探测环境、岩溶地质的复杂性以及解译技术制约,多解性问题一直未能得到很好解决。从依托工程中选取代表性的案例,分析总结隧道建设中常见的几种典型岩溶不良地质的属性特征,结果表明岩溶不良地质类型与探地雷达属性参数有很好相关性,其中:空腔型溶洞、干燥松散黏土夹碎石充填型溶洞和无水破碎带雷达反射波中心频率随时间衰减较慢,分布范围分别为90~105、85~100、70~110MHz;软塑状黏土充填型溶洞和富水破碎带雷达反射波中心频率随时间衰减较快,分布范围分别为60~80MHz和40~70MHz。研究属性特征定量表示方法,提出基于广义S变换及子波谱模拟的雷达波吸收衰减参数计算方法。实际数据分析结果表明:每种属性都能从某些角度反映岩溶不良地质体雷达反射波的特征,在综合多个特征参数后,可以较好地区分不同的岩溶不良地质类型,从而提高探地雷达目标识别精度。     

Characteristics,differences and main controlling factors of source rocks in the central‐southern South China Sea Basins

The South China Sea is rich in oil and gas resources. With the increasing exploration of oil and gas resources in the northern South China Sea and the increasing demand for energy in the world, The central‐southern South China Sea have become important constituencies for oil and gas resources. The central‐southern basins of South China Sea can be divided into three types of basin groups, namely, the southern basin group (Zengmu Basin, Brunei‐Sabah Basin), the western basin group (Wan'an Basin, Zhong jiannan Basin) and the Central Basin Group (Liyue Basin, Beikang Basin, Nanweixi Basin and Palawan Basin). At present, the degree of exploration is relatively low, and the source rock has not yet formed a understanding of the system. The main source rock development time, source rock characteristics, hydrocarbon generation potential and control factors of each basin group are still unclear, which seriously restricts the exploration of oil and gas. Based on the sedimentary facies distribution and sedimentary filling evolution, combined with the geoche mical characteristics of the source rocks, the source age, organic matter type, hydrocarbon generation potential and main controlling factors of the basins in the central‐southern basins are discussed. By the detailed research on delta scale, provenance system, paleoclimate conditions, ancient vegetation development and hydroca rbon generation parent material, the main controlling factors of hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks in each basin group are revealed.     

开放洞穴环境变化特征及其影响因素:以桂林凉风洞为例

通过对桂林凉风洞洞穴内、外温湿度、pCO2进行连续高频监测,发现洞穴温度受大气度温影响呈现出季节性变化规律。由于受到洞穴结构的阻隔作用影响,洞穴由外向里的温度变化幅度逐渐变小,并且响应的时间存在季节性差异。监测数据表明:洞穴内部温度的季节性变化幅度明显低于洞外气温变化幅度。比较洞内、外温度的时间序列发现,在季节尺度上洞穴温度升温阶段滞后时间长（与外部通风的气温流动交换慢）,降温阶段滞后时间短（与外部通风的气温流动交换快,呈现突变特征）,这可能与不同季节洞穴内部结构的“缓冲作用”的强弱变化有关。该洞穴空气中pCO2存在明显的夏季高、冬季低的季节性变化特征。并且外界大气环境季节性变化和洞穴上覆动植物的季节性活动,使得洞穴pCO2主控因素也存在季节性差异。      

隧道三维点云孔洞修复方法

针对隧道三维激光扫描点云中的孔洞,设计一种基于断面轮廓的孔洞修复方法。隧道具有深长性与截面恒定性两大特征,文中基于这两大特征,利用间邻稳定轮廓拟合完整隧道修复孔洞。该方法能够对三维激光扫描点云进行圆柱投影,利用Delaunay三角构网,提出基于隧道表面三角网的孔洞识别方法,最后根据相邻隧道轮廓相似的特点,利用相邻的轮廓对孔洞进行修复。该方法能很好的修复孔洞并保留隧道结构细节,并以真实的隧道扫描数据验证算法的有效性和可靠性。     

Effects of Enclosure on Plant and Soil Restoration in the Junggar Desert

Enclosure is commonly used in the restoration of degraded grasslands. However, the effects of enclosure on grassland plant and soil restoration remain controversial, particularly in deserts. To assess the effects of enclosure on desert plants and soil properties, using high throughput sequencing, the differences between plants and soil were systematically analyzed before and after enclosure construction. The soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents of the three desert flora increased and decreased, but the difference was not significant; enclosure increased plant height, coverage, aboveground biomass, and species richness by 58.99%, 59.35%, 33.29%, and 51.21%, respectively, in a Seriphidium transiliense formation; by 15.49%, 33.52%, 20.85%, and 5.13%, respectively, in a Haloxylon persicum formation; and by 83.80%, 31.51%, 76.66% and 33.33%, respectively, in an Anabasis salsa formation. For soil bacteria, enclosure significantly increased the average number of operational taxonomic units and Shannon-Wiener index by 12.74% and 2.92%, respectively, under S. transiliense formation and by 17.08% and 3.17%, respectively, under H. persicum formation. However, enclosure had no significant effect on the average number of operational taxonomic units or Shannon-Wiener index under A. salsa formation. Enclosure significantly increased desert plants, soil bacterial diversity, and desert plant community productivity; however, the increase in soil nutrient content was not significant. These results demonstrate that enclosure is effective for restoring desert ecosystems but may have little effect on the soil nutrient content.     

ENSO与西北太平洋强TC相关关系年代际变化研究

利用美国联合台风警报中心(Joint Typhoon Warning Center,JTWC),中国气象局(China Meteorological Administration,CMA)上海台风所,日本气象厅(Japan Meteorological Agency,JMA)的台风最佳路径资料以及美国NCAR/NCEP再分析资料等,深入研究厄尔尼诺—南方涛动(El Ni1o-Southern Oscillation,ENSO)与西北太平洋强热带气旋(Tropical Cyclone,TC),即1 min最大风速大于等于114 kn相关关系的变化。结果表明,ENSO与热带西北太平洋(Western North Pacific,WNP)强TC频数之间的相关关系存在明显年代际变化。在1960—1971年期间(前一阶段),强TC年频数与Ni1o3. 4(11月—次年1月平均)相关性较弱;而在1983—2014年期间(后一阶段)两者的相关性则为强的正相关。并且强TC的年频数、生命史以及生成位置在后一阶段El Ni1o和La Ni1a年之间的差异相比前一阶段都有明显的增大。进一步分析发现:热带太平洋海温异常(Sea Surface Temperature Anomaly,SSTA)的西移是造成后一阶段Ni1o3. 4指数与强TC年频数相关性提高的关键因素。在后一阶段的El Ni1o(La Ni1a)年,SSTA的西移使得WNP东南象限的相对湿度明显增加(减少),从而有利于(不利于) TC在此象限生成。又因为位于东南象限的TC比较容易发展成强TC,因此导致后一阶段的El Ni1o(La Ni1a)年有更多(更少)的强TC在西北太平洋的东南象限生成。     

菲律宾蛤仔肉不同提取物呈味特性

【目的】系统评价菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)肉不同提取物的呈味物质含量和呈味特征差异。【方法】以新鲜菲律宾蛤仔肉为原材料,采用水煮和酶解的不同提取方式,制得两种冻干粉,比较分析两者游离氨基酸、呈味核苷酸、有机酸、有机碱和无机离子含量的差异,通过滋味活性值(Taste Activity Value,TAV)评价其对滋味的贡献,并结合感官评价法和电子舌检测法考察其整体呈味特征。【结果】感官评定结果表明,水煮提取物鲜味和甜味强于酶解提取物;鲜味、甜味和苦味是酶解提取物的重要味觉特征;电子舌主成分分析结果亦表明水煮提取物更接近谷氨酸钠的呈鲜特性。水煮和酶解提取物中游离氨基酸、呈味核苷酸、有机酸、有机碱和无机离子的含量均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。不同的呈味物质由于含量的差异及呈味组分间的相互作用导致水煮和酶解提取物的整体滋味存在差异。【结论】菲律宾蛤仔的呈味特性与其水溶性呈味物质密切相关,酶解提取物虽增加了氨基酸等的总体含量,但对鲜味、甜味的贡献不大。     

不同方法提取马氏珠母贝外套膜胶原蛋白理化性质比较

【目的】系统分析不同方法提取的马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii)外套膜胶原蛋白的理化性质及生物学功能。【方法】分别采用酸-酶法和热水法从外套膜中提取得到两种胶原蛋白(A-PSC(Pm)和HSC(Pm)),对其氨基酸组成、微观结构及热变性温度等理化特性进行比较分析。【结果】HSC(Pm)提取率高于A-PSC(Pm);HSC(Pm)中,Gly、Glu与Arg相对含量较高,分别为20.16%、17.57%和10.07%;而A-PSC(Pm)中,Glu、Asp与Arg相对含量为19.67%、11.63%和10.07%;紫外光谱和红外光谱分别显示,两种胶原蛋白均在220 nm左右有强吸收峰,且具有典型的胶原蛋白特征带(酰胺A、B、Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ带);扫描电镜结果显示,A-PSC(Pm)呈致密多孔网状结构,HSC(Pm)则基本为薄片状;DSC分析结果表明,HSC(Pm)具有更好的热稳定性。【结论】酸-酶法及热水法提取的胶原蛋白均具有类V型胶原蛋白特性,其结构特征及其理化性质均存在差异,可根据需求选择特定的胶原蛋白提取方法用以开发不同类型的产品。     

Kalman滤波方法在黑河出山径流年平均流量预报中的应用

应用Kalman滤波方法,以流域平均降水量、气温、太阳黑子相对数及莺落峡站6年显著周期序列等为控制参数,对黑河出山径流年平均流量的预测问题进行了初步研究和探讨。