基于HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB 途径探讨藿胆鼻渊丸抑制急性鼻窦炎大鼠炎症反应的研究

目的：观察藿胆鼻渊丸对急性鼻窦炎大鼠炎症的影响及其分子机制。方法：将36只SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为正常组,模型组,阳性药物组,藿胆鼻渊丸低、中、高剂量组,每组各6只。采用鼻腔填塞联合鼻腔滴注脂多糖（LPS）法建立急性鼻窦炎大鼠模型。造模完成后,阳性药物组以阿莫西林克拉维酸钾（4∶1）干混悬剂灌胃（98.4375 g/kg）,低、中、高剂量组予藿胆鼻渊丸灌胃（1.26 g/kg、2.52 g/kg、5.04 g/kg）,正常组和模型组予0.9%氯化钠注射液灌胃,每只SD大鼠灌胃总体积为3 ml/次,2次/d,连续干预21 d。采用苏木精-伊红染色法（HE）观察大鼠鼻窦黏膜炎症变化;酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）测定大鼠血清中白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）含量;免疫组化（IHC）和蛋白质印迹法（WB）检测IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α蛋白表达情况;WB检测HMGB1、TOLL样受体4重组蛋白（TLR4）、核转录因子-κB p65（NF-κB p65）和磷酸化NF-κB p65（p-NF-κB p65）蛋白表达情况。结果：与正常组比较,模型组鼻窦黏膜组织中炎症细胞浸润明显,阳性药物组和藿胆鼻渊丸不同剂量组炎症细胞聚集减少。与正常组比较,模型组血清中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量及IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α蛋白表达均明显升高（P<0.05）,鼻窦黏膜组织中的HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB p65和p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达均明显升高（P<0.05）。与模型组比较,阳性药物组、藿胆鼻渊丸不同剂量组血清中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量及IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α蛋白表达均明显降低（P<0.05）,鼻窦黏膜组织中的HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB p65和p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达均下降（P<0.05）。与阳性药物组比较,高剂量组IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α含量及IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α蛋白表达均明显降低（P<0.05）,HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB p65和p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达下降（P<0.05）。结论：藿胆鼻渊丸可以有效抑制急性鼻窦炎大鼠炎症反应,其机制可能是通过下调HMGB1分子,抑制TLR4/NF-κB信号通路,减少IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α释放,从而达到抑制炎症的作用。     

Impact of Land Use Changes on Habitat Quality in Altay Region

Altay region is located in the northern part of Xinjiang, and has complex and diverse internal geomorphic types, undulating terrain and a fragile ecosystem. Studying the impact of land use changes on habitat quality is of great significance to regional ecological protection and development, rational planning and utilization, and ensuring the sustainable development of the ecological environment. Based on the InVEST model, combined with land use panel data and topographic relief data of the Altay region, this paper studied the habitat quality from 1995 to 2018. The results show that cultivated land, water area and construction land increased gradually from 1995 to 2018, while grassland and unused land decreased. Forestland remained stable in the first five periods, but increased significantly in 2018. During 1995-2018, all land use types were transferred, mainly between cultivated land, forestland, grassland and unused land in the flat and slightly undulating areas. Poor habitat quality was dominant during 1995-2018. Habitat quality decreased significantly in 2015, which was related to the rapid expansion of cultivated and construction land as threat sources, as well as the decrease of forest and grassland as sensitive factors. However, habitat quality improved significantly in 2018, because a large amount of cultivated land and unused land were converted into forest land and grassland with high habitat suitability. Land use type has an important influence on habitat quality. The distribution characteristics of habitat quality for topographic relief types from good to bad were: large undulating area>medium undulating area>small undulating area>flat area>slightly undulating area. The findings of this study are of great significance for coordinating social, economic, and ecological development in this region and in similar areas.     

一种视点相关球面地形LOD算法

在地形可视化领域,基于海量数据的全球地形3维可视化已经得到广泛关注和研究。在经典ROAM算法的基础上,提出了一种视点相关全球地形LOD模型SROAM。该算法采用正方体作为网格细分的顶层,正方体上每一个面分裂成两个三角形作为ROAM算法二又树的根节点。给出了高程数据球面映射的方法,在动态误差计算过程中,考虑了地平线约束条件,进一步对网格进行简化。实验结果表明,此算法能实时动态地生成全球地形LOD模型,实现全球地形场景的平滑绘制。     

分形城市研究进展：从几何形态到网络关联

城市是人类文明最主要的聚集地,也是一个开放复杂演化巨系统,认识其空间复杂性成为城市科学研究的热点和前沿。城市研究正呈现“从位置和场所向关联和流,从物质空间向城市网络空间”的转向。人类对城市的认识也从“空间是机器”转向“城市有机生命体”。分形是大自然的语言和地理学第四代语言,是挖掘城市空间自组织规律的有效工具,在揭示城市有机体复杂演化机制方面发挥重要作用。目前分形城市研究以指标构建和实证分析为主,缺乏系统的梳理和回顾;内容上侧重几何分形,复杂城市网络视角下的结构分形研究薄弱。本文简要回顾了近30余年来分形城市研究的发展历程,梳理了分形城市研究脉络：从城市形态的几何分形到城市结构与关联的网络分形,从静态分形特征到动态异速生长,并展望了分形城市未来研究方向。     

弱震条带对2001年首都圈地区中等地震活动的指示意义

比较系统分析总结了2001年首都圈及邻近地区中等地震发生前小震活动特征及所形成的弱震条带，6次中等地震前均出现了弱震活动有序分布现象，由2～3级地震组成的弱震条带后发生中等地震的可能性更大，但条带长度和持续时间与地震震级关系不甚明显，这些规律特点可为日常短临跟踪及分析预报提供借鉴资料。     

The relationship between ENSO cycle and high and low-flow in the upper Yellow River

Firstly, the hydrological and meteorological features of the upper reaches of the Yellow River above Tangnag are analyzed based on observation data, and effects of EI Nino and La Nina events on the high and low flow in the upper Yellow River are discussed. The results show El Nino and La Nina events possess consanguineous relationship with runoff in the upper Yellow River. As a whole, the probability of low flow occurrence in the upper Yellow River is relatively great along with the occurrence of El Nino event. Moreover, the flood in the upper Yellow River occurs frequently with the occurrence of La Nina event. Besides, the results also show dissimilarity of El Nino event occurring time exerts greater impact on high flow and low flow in the upper Yellow River, that is, the probability of drought will be greater in the same year if El Nino event occurs in spring, the high-flow may happen in this year if El Nino occurs in summer or autumn; the longer the continuous period of El Nino is, the lower the runoff in the upper Yellow River is.     

领域专家知识及其在空间数据挖掘中的作用

根据空间数据挖掘的需要，提出把领域专家知识分为3类，即，属性划分规则(Attribute Partition Rule)、概念层次树(Concept Hierarchical Trees)和约束条件(Constraints)。文中详细介绍了领域专家知识和领域专家在空间数据挖掘各个阶段的作用。领域专家知识的表示方法也是一个非常值得重视的问题，文中给出了常用的表示模型。     

基于三角形折叠的连续多分辨率LOD算法

LOD技术是从软件方面提高大范围场景3维渲染速度的有效手段之一。文中在基于三角形折叠的LOD简化算法的基础上，针对在3维景观绘制中模型数据需实时简化的特点，提出了一种基于三角形折叠的连续LOD算法，即预先对模型的几何数据进行简化预处理，并记录每一步的简化操作，以便于在3维景观绘制时，根据要求实时显示不同分辨率的模型数据。最后通过实验数据验证了该算法的正确性和实用性。     

基于LiDAR的煤矿地表沉陷监测方法研究

传统的矿区地表变形监测获取数据量少、监测周期长、效率不高;结合LiDAR及RTK技术应用到煤矿区地表沉陷监测工作中,进行外业数据采集与内业数据处理,对得到的点云数据和生成的DEM进行煤矿区沉降变形分析,并以贵州某煤矿区为例进行了地表沉陷监测试验,满足精度要求,验证了该方法的可行性。     

多尺度面实体的匹配方法研究

从多尺度面实体匹配的需要出发,分析地图综合所引起的一对多、多对多匹配关系,以及不同地图综合算子给同名实体所造成的差异,将一对一匹配关系的几何相似性度量模型和非一对一匹配关系的基于重叠度的面实体匹配方法相结合,采用指标阈值自动确定方法,建立一种新的适用多尺度变化的面实体匹配方法。最后以多个比例尺的居民地为实验对象,验证本方法的可行性和有效性。