突出地震标准波的方法

本文分析了DZ-57-1地震仪使用不同的自动振幅控制器因素、炸药量、放大倍数等对标准波波形的影响.对自动振幅控制器作用减弱后,兼顾深、浅层反射波的方法进行了讨论.最后给出突出标准波后所获得的地质效果.     

EVOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF LANDSLIDES TRIGGERED BY 2008 MS8.0 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE IN YINGXIU AREA

Strong earthquakes can not only trigger a large number of co-seismic landslides in mountainous areas, but also have an important impact on the development level of geological hazards in the disaster area. Usually, geological hazards caused by strong earthquakes will significantly increase and continue for a considerable period of time before they recover to the pre-earthquake level. Therefore, studying the evolution characteristics of landslides triggered by earthquake is particularly important for the prevention of geological disaster. In this paper, a 66km² region in Yingxiu near the epicenter of the 2008 M_S8.0 Wenchuan earthquake, which was strongly disturbed by the earthquake, was investigated. Firstly, one high-resolution satellite image before the earthquake(April, 2005) and five high-resolution satellite images after the earthquake(June, 2008; April, 2011; April, 2013; May, 2015; May, 2017)were used to interpret and catalog multi-temporal landslide inventories. Secondly, seven primary factors were analyzed in the GIS platform, including elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, stratum, lithology, and the distance from the nearest water system and the distance from seismogenic faults. Finally, the evolution of the landslide triggered by earthquake in this region was analyzed by comparing the landslide activity intensity in different periods, using the methods of correlation analysis, regression analysis, and single-factor statistical analysis. It was found that the total area of landslides in the study region decreased sharply from 2008 to 2017, with the area of the co-seismic landslide reducing from 21.41km² to 1.33km². This indicates that the magnitude of the landslides has recovered or is close to the pre-earthquake level. Moreover, correlation analysis shows that the elevation has a strong positive correlation with the distance from the nearest water system, and a weak positive correlation with the area. Meanwhile, there is a weak negative correlation between the distance from the nearest water system and the distance from seismogenic faults. Overall, the degree of landslide activity in the study region decreased over time, as well as the number of reactivated landslides and new landslides. The region where the area of earthquake triggered landslides decreased mainly concentrated at an elevation of 1 000m to 2 100m, a slope of 30° to 55°, an aspect of 40° to 180°, and a curvature of -2 to 2. In addition, the lithology of the Pengguan complex in the Yingxiu study region is more conducive to the occurrence of landslides, while the sedimentary rock is more conducive to the landslide recovery. When the distance from the nearest water system is more than 1 600m, the effect of the water system on the landslides gradually decreases. Also, the landslides triggered by Wenchuan earthquake in this area have the characteristics of the hanging wall effect, which means, the number of landslides in the northwestern region is much higher than that in the southeast side.     

遥感卫星区域覆盖实时分析与可视化

空间对地观测需求的增长和任务的多样性导致卫星区域覆盖分析变得越来越复杂。当前的遥感卫星区域覆盖算法与应用无法提供实时响应和应对高并发请求的在线服务,并且分析结果不能做到实时可视化,增加了数据的认知难度。针对于此,本文结合流式处理技术,提出一种高效的遥感卫星区域覆盖实时分析方法与可视化服务。首先,采用一种多模式判断策略,实现遥感卫星区域覆盖相关参数的高效计算;然后,对持续流入的数据进行实时分块,实现数据实时处理;最后,结合流式处理技术,提供实时响应和可视化的在线服务。利用多星多地面区域数据进行试验验证,结果表明,本文方法在保证传感器任意指向下遥感卫星区域覆盖参数计算精度的同时,效率得到较大提升,并且能够及时高效地通过数据流的方式,实现分析结果的实时可视化。     

春季滇东南强对流天气的高空环境场分析

应用云南蒙自探空站2001～2004年的高空风、特性层资料分析了滇东南上空冬、春季副热带急流的时空分布特点及其对大气层结的影响,结合蒙自711数字化雷达站在其春季(3～4月)中观测到的强冰雹云回波进行分析。结果表明,春季高空副热带急流是造成滇东南地区大气不稳定层结的重要因子之一,天气系统触发不稳定大气层结产生强冰雹云,副热带急流具有加强、维持发展的作用。     

新疆测震台站仪器标定常数数据库查询软件

为方便研究人员使用测震台站仪器标定常数,编制了新疆测震台站仪器的标定常数数据库查询软件。该查询软件以Access为数据库环境,用VB编写查询程序设计了用户界面。     

山西洪洞ML5.0地震应急反应时间序列与启示

以第一手资料按时间顺序记载了2003年11月25日山西省洪洞ML5.0地震发生后,各级地震工作部门对地震应急反应所作出的决定和采取的措施,总结了这次地震应急工作的经验和教训,认为要搞好地震应急工作需要全社会的通力协作方能奏效.     

喀斯特石漠化景观及其土地的生态效应——以贞丰县为例

利用喀斯特石漠化生态脆弱区贵州贞丰县2004年的ASTER遥感影像,解译了全县的喀斯特石漠化现状,并从景观生态学的角度指出轻、中、强、极度石漠化存在不同的空间分布格局.与此同时,作者还把石漠化的景观格局和其土地生态价值的分布频率结合起来,并从生态系统服务功能的角度定量计算了相应喀斯特石漠化土地的相对生态价值,评价了研究区石漠化土地的生态效应.结果表明,贞丰县270个村的生态价值整体偏低,全县极大值为1.016,极小值为0.286;不同区域之间的总体生态价值差异较大,生态价值相对较好的地区主要集中在非喀斯特地带,而在中度、强度、极强度石漠化地区生态价值很低.     

软土深层搅拌桩的水泥土抗腐蚀性室内试验

结合深港西部通道填海区深层搅拌桩在滨海地下水环境中施工的需要,对水泥土在自来水、地下水、海水及Na2SO4溶液环境下的抗腐蚀性进行了室内研究,研究表明以纯水泥为固化剂的水泥土在腐蚀性地下水环境中的抗腐蚀性能较差,增加矿渣、粉煤灰的含量,能增强水泥土抗腐蚀性;分析了固化剂中矿渣、粉煤灰掺入量对水泥土抗压强度及抗腐蚀性的影响规律,即固化剂掺入比不变的情况下,用矿渣、粉煤灰替代部分水泥能大幅度提高水泥土的抗压强度,同时改善其抗腐蚀性;得出了抗腐蚀性能良好的水泥土配方,即矿渣、粉煤灰的质量占固化剂的40%～60%,可供同类工程借鉴.     

GML空间数据查询与索引机制研究

由于传统GIS数据模型的差异，导致空间数据难以集成与共享。各GIS软件厂商及第三方软件厂商提出了利用空间数据转换的解决方案，但是它还是不能很好地解决空间数据集成与共享存在的问题。地理标记语言GML的出现，为GIS空间数据建模、集成与共享提供了统一的标准与框架。GML已经成为事实上的空间数据编码、传输、存储和发布的国际标准，大量GML格式的空间数据开始涌现。如何有效地存储管理GML空间数据，已经成为GIS研究的热点问题。本文结合XML数据库技术和传统的空间数据库技术，对GML空间数据的查询、索引进行了深入的研究。以XML标准查询语言XQuery为基础，提出了XQuery空间扩展的内容，开发了GML空间数据查询语言，实现了GML空间数据的本原查询；结合XML文档编码和传统的空间数据索引，提出了基于空间索引的GML一体化索引机制，并以R树索引为例，对一体化索引的查询处理性能进行了实验分析。实验结果表明，本文提出的基于空间索引的GML一体化索引机制是可行的、高效的。     

远程教育系统中卫星小站的防雷电设计

分析了雷电引入卫星小站系统的途径,阐述了卫星小站系统的防雷电措施,提出了构筑完整防雷体系保护系统设备的方法.