加拿大海盆北部营养盐限制作用研究

利用2008年夏季中国第三次北极科学考察获得的营养盐、叶绿素a、温度和盐度等数据资料,结合现场营养盐添加实验的结果讨论西北冰洋加拿大海盆北部营养盐对浮游植物生长的限制作用。结果表明:由于融冰水稀释作用,加拿大海盆B80站约20m深度存在较强的盐跃层,阻碍了水体上下混合。较低浓度的溶解无机氮(DIN)和硅酸盐(分别为0.31μmol/L和0.94μmol/L)以及严重偏离Redfield比值的N/P、N/Si比值(分别为0.42和0.32)表明加拿大海盆表层水体存在N和Si限制。根据现场营养盐加富实验各培养组叶绿素a浓度变化、营养盐吸收总量差异和浮游植物种群结构,进一步表明氮是北冰洋海盆首要限制营养盐,而Si则抑制了硅质生物的生长。同时,较小的硝酸盐半饱和常数(Ks)证明即使在营养盐充足的情况下北冰洋海盆浮游植物生长速率也处于较低水平。计算得到各培养组营养盐吸收比例(N/P比值)均大于Redfield比值,可能是培养实验过程中以微型、微微型浮游植物为主,硅藻等小型浮游植物为辅造成的。     

Simulation of the extreme waves generated by typhoon Bolaven (1215) in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea

Record-breaking high waves occurred during the passage of the typhoon Bolaven (1215) (TYB) in the East China Sea (ECS) and Yellow Sea (YS) although its intensity did not reach the level of a super typhoon. Winds and directional wave measurements were made using a range of in-situ instruments mounted on an ocean tower and buoys. In order to understand how such high waves with long duration occurred, analyses have been made through measurement and numerical simulations. TYB winds were generated using the TC96 typhoon wind model with the best track data calibrated with the measurements. And then the wind fields were blended with the reanalyzed synoptic-scale wind fields for a wave model. Wave fields were simulated using WAM4.5 with adjustment of C_d for gust of winds and bottom friction for the study area. Thus the accuracy of simulations is considerably enhanced, and the computed results are also in better agreement with measured data than before. It is found that the extremely high waves evolved as a result of the superposition of distant large swells and high wind seas generated by strong winds from the front/right quadrant of the typhoon track. As the typhoon moved at a speed a little slower than the dominant wave group velocity in a consistent direction for two days, the wave growth was significantly enhanced by strong wind input in an extended fetch and non-linear interaction.     

Analytical and Experimental Studies on Hydrodynamic Performance of Semi-Immersed Jarlan-Type Perforated Breakwaters

The present study proposes a new semi-immersed Jarlan-type perforated breakwater including a perforated front wall, a solid rear wall, and a horizontal perforated plate connecting the lower tips of the two walls. An analytical solution is developed to estimate the hydrodynamic performance of the new breakwater. The analytical solution is confirmed by solutions for special cases, an independently developed multi-domain boundary element method solution and experimental data. Numerical examples based on the analytical solution indicate that compared with previous semi-immersed breakwaters, the new breakwater may have better wave-absorbing performance and smaller wave forces. Some useful results are presented for practical designs of semi-immersed Jarlan-type perforated breakwaters.     

面向城市导游的无缝服务研究

智能导游服务已从传统的单一景区导游发展为城市多景区导游,因此包含了景区间导游和景区内导游两大部分;表现为更加注重面向散客服务、兼容多移动智能终端以应用程序(App)的方式运行。由于景区间导游和景区内导游往往自成系统,在游客进出景区的过程中存在着两种系统的切换,且主要采用手动方式完成,尚没有实现城市多景区导游过程的无缝衔接。为了应对这个挑战,本文设计了一个面向城市多景区的无缝导游服务模式,分析了其架构以及工作机制;并着重讨论了城市无缝导游服务的关键技术,如系统间无缝切换的条件,包含判断游客进入、离开景区等;以及导游服务过程无缝衔接的机制,包含导游动态数据结构的设计,游客游览需求、导游过程状态在多导游系统间的传递等。最后通过实例验证了该方法的有效性,作为新的导游服务模式,同时为动态集成已有的导游App提供了解决方法。     

A Comparative Study of Fish Assemblages Near Aquaculture,Artificial and Natural Habitats

Habitat plays a critical role in regulating fish community structure. Using the data collected from a monthly trammel net survey in Ma’an archipelago off the east coast of China, we evaluated impacts of five different habitats(artificial reefs, mussel farms, cage aquaculture, rocky reefs and soft bottom) on fish assemblages. This study suggests that artificial reefs(AR) have significantly higher species richness, abundance and diversity than mussel farms(MF) or soft bottom(SB) habitats during most seasons, and that fish taxa in the AR habitats are similar to those in the rocky reef(RR) habitats. Two different fish assemblage patterns were revealed in the study area using non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination: an assemblage dominated by reef fishes(especially by Scorpaenidae species) in AR, RR and cage aquaculture(CA) habitats and an assemblage dominated by Sciaenidae species in MF and SB habitats. We suggest that reef fishes play a key role in differentiating fish community structures in the study area. Although few differences in fish abundance and diversity were found between the CA and SB habitats, a more diverse age structure was observed in the CA habitats. A much more complex fish assemblage and enhanced population of local species were established as a result of the presence of both floating and fixed artificial structures, probably through improved survival rates.     

川西北塔公石英闪长岩地球化学特征和岩石成因

川西北塔公地区位于青藏高原东部,属于松潘—甘孜造山带的东南部边缘。塔公石英闪长岩侵位于晚三叠世地层中,岩体的K-Ar同位素年龄为134~136Ma,形成于早白垩世。岩石SiO2质量分数为61.37%~62.25%,铝饱和指数为0.93~0.95,全碱质量分数为5.46%~5.77%,里特曼指数为1.62~1.74,样品属于亚碱性准铝质高钾钙碱系列石英闪长岩。岩石Mg#值较高,总体具有高Sr含量、低Nd含量的同位素地球化学特征。N(87Sr)/N(86Sr)值为0.712 589~0.713 009,初始N(87Sr)/N(86Sr)值为0.709 503~0.709 878,N(143 Nd)/N(144 Nd)值为0.512 135~0.512 196,εNd(t)值均为负(-8.6~-7.5),Nd模式年龄为1.33~1.41Ga,Hf模式年龄为1.13~1.37Ga。该岩体是早白垩世期间,川西北地区陆缘-陆内造山环境下由松潘—甘孜造山带古老的下地壳镁铁质物质局部熔融形成的晚碰撞-碰撞后非分异Ⅰ型花岗岩类。     

地磁适配性分析方法研究

针对地磁适配性分析中,单一的特征指标不能满足适配性精度要求的问题,该文提出一种多指标综合评价体系方法,建立以地磁标准差、地磁信息熵、相关系数及粗糙度为一体的综合评价模型;在确定权重方面,由于主观赋权法及客观赋权法各有优缺点,提出利用主、客观加权赋权法组合权重来确定每个指标的权重系数.能够较好地利用地磁的各种特征信息对地磁基准图候选区域进行综合分析,实现分析结果的全面性.基于多指标融合的地磁适配性分析的MATLAB仿真结果表明:运用此方法能够直观地反映出各候选区域适配性能的好坏,该方法在评价地磁适配性方面有效,其方法可应用于地磁匹配导航领域的研究.     

北京市房地产价格空间分布变化研究

针对北京市主城区房地产价格长区间的空间分布变化及其成因进行研究,为北京市房价的空间分布规律提供参考.采用空间相关性分析方法中的平均最近邻分析、全局Moran'sI指数、Moran散点图和LISA集聚图等分析工具结合空间自相关理论对北京市主城区房地产价格的空间分布变化进行分析,通过克里金插值分析方法验证房价的空间特征,分析空间分布的变化及其成因.得出北京市主城区房地产价格20152019年,空间集聚特征不变,正向空间自相关增强,价格中心由单中心变为中心—副中心的多中心形式,区位因素和交通可达性条件是影响房价空间分布变化的重要因素.     

基于GIS的镇海区河长制智慧管理平台建设探究

基于镇海区河长制工作开展的实际需求,根据区域内河道分级分区分段的管理思想,建设以河段为核心的河长制智慧管理平台.实践表明:镇海区河长制智慧管理平台通过电脑Web端和手机APP两者联动工作,能有效规范河长巡河工作,便于发现、处理河道问题,提高工作效率,实现了信息和工作的智慧管理,达到了实用、便捷、高效、实时的目标.     

中国区域CODE全球电离层地图精度分析

电离层延迟是精密单点定位的主要误差源,双频用户可利用组合观测值消除其影响,单频用户只能利用电离层模型对其加以改正.因此电离层模型的精度对单频精密单点定位(single-frequency precise point positioning,SF-PPP)的精度至关重要.为分析欧洲轨道确定中心(Center Orbit Determination Europe,CODE)提供的全球电离层地图(global ionospheric map,GIM)在中国区域内的精度,在不同纬度范围内选取25个均匀分布的陆态网基准站,从STEC(slant total electron content,STEC)精度及单频动态定位精度两个角度对CODE GIM进行精度评估.结果表明STEC均方根(root mean square,RMS)7天内的平均值为6.38 TECU,应用CODE GIM进行单频动态精密单点定位的精度在水平方向达到亚米级,高程方向达到米级,在高纬度地区CODE GIM精度更高.