青海阿尔茨托山地区地球化学（异常）场的多重分形研究

以研究区成矿地质背景为基础，将其划分为4个地球化学区，从多重分形理论出发，应用“元素含量—面积”模型方法，对各区主要成矿元素的地球化学(异常)场进行分析研究。结果表明，由于地质构造背景和化探元素富集的成因机理不同，各区元素地球化学(异常)场具有两种不同的多重分形特征模式：只有两个无标度区的简单多重分形模式和有两个以上无标度区的高丛集多重分形模式，具有相同成因的元素组合具有相似的多重分形特征。在此基础上．探讨了各区元素的成矿富集规律和空间分布特征，进而划分了地球化学背景和异常，经检验对比，证明了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

乌拉苔草光合速率日变化及日同化量

乌拉苔草沼泽是长白山沟谷湿地的重要类型 ,对其光合速率研究的结果表明 ,乌拉苔草光合速率日变化呈单峰曲线 ,最高峰出现在 1 0时 ,最大值是 1 8.0 7μmol(CO2 ) / (m2 ·s) ;与其该群落伴生的修氏苔草光合速率日变化出现“午休”现象。影响光合速率最大的环境因素是光量子通量密度和叶温 ,呈极显著的正相关 ,其他因素亦多呈正相关 ,环境因子综合影响了乌拉苔草的光合日进程。乌拉苔草光合作用的日总同化量为 1 896 0 1 .2 μmol(CO2 ) /m2 ,是光合能力较强的一种沼泽植物     

应用多传感器目标跟踪融合技术实现滑坡多点监测数据综合信息的提取

目前的滑坡预报模型只能利用一个关键监测点的监测数据，而不能同时利用多个监测点的监测信息，即只能处理一维时间序列问题.为了解决这个技术难题，本文将滑坡视为一个机动目标，将对滑坡的监测视为对机动目标的跟踪，提出了利用多传感器目标跟踪融合技术来处理滑坡多个点的监测数据的方法，分析了其可行性，并用实例说明了本文提出的方法在实际应用中是有效的.     

2-D crustal Poisson's ratio from seismic travel time inversion in Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic region

Based on the inversion method of 2D velocity structure and interface, the crustal velocity structures of P-wave and S-wave along the profile L1 are determined simultaneously with deep seismic sounding data in Changbaishan Tianchi volcanic region, and then its Poisson's ratio is obtained. Calculated results show that this technique overcomes some defects of traditional forward calculation method, and it is also very effective to determine Poisson's ratio distribution of deep seismic sounding profile, especially useful for study on volcanic magma and crustal fault zone. Study result indicates that there is an abnormally high Poisson's ratio body that is about 30 km wide and 12 km high in the low velocity region under Tianchi crater. Its value of Poisson's ratio is 8% higher than that of surrounding medium and it should be the magma chamber formed from melted rock with high temperature. There is a high Poisson's ratio zone ranging from magma chamber to the top of crust, which may be the uprise passage of hot substance. The lower part with high Poisson's ratio, which stretches downward to Moho, is possibly the extrusion way of hot substance from the uppermost mantle. The conclusions above are consistent with the study results of both tomographic determination of 3D crustal structure and magnetotelluric survey in this region.     

Impacts of groundwater flow on the evolution of a thermokarst lake in the permafrost–dominated region on the Qinghai–Tibet plateau

As a result of global warming induced permafrost degradation in recent decades, thermokarst lakes in the Qinghai–Tibet plateau (QTP) have been regulating local hydrological and ecological processes. Simulations with coupled moisture–heat numerical models in the Beiluhe basin (located in the hinterland of permafrost regions on the QTP) have provided insights into the interaction between groundwater flow and the freeze–thaw process. A total of 30 modified SUTRA scenarios were established to examine the effects of hydrodynamic forces, permeability, and climate on thermokarst lakes. The results indicate that the hydrodynamic condition variables regulate the permafrost degradation around the lakes. In case groundwater recharges to the lake, a low–temperature groundwater flow stimulates the expansion of the surrounding thawing regions through thermal convection. The thawing rate of the permafrost underlying the lake intensifies when groundwater is discharged from the lake. Under different permeability conditions, spatiotemporal variations in the active layer thickness significantly influence the occurrence of an open talik at the lake bottom. A warmer and wetter climate will inevitably lead to a sharp decrease in the upper limit of the surrounding permafrost, with a continual decrease in the duration of open talik events. Overall, our results underscore that comprehensive consideration of the relevant hydrologic processes is critical for improving the understanding of environmental and ecological changes in cold environments.     

表面多次波衰减技术在渤海海峡应用效果

浅水地震勘探对于了解近海底地质构造具有重要意义,目前已被广泛用于油气开发、近岸工程等领域。表面多次波的存在干扰了有效波信息,影响了资料品质,造成解释假象,如何有效地压制多次波,已成为浅水地震勘探中的关键问题。表面多次波衰减方法(SRME)是一种去除海面相关多次波效果较好的技术方法,但是,一般认为SRME技术并不适合于浅水区域。分析了SRME去除多次波的基本原理,并将其应用于海洋高分辨率浅水区域多次波的去除。实际处理效果表明,使用SRME技术处理后的叠加剖面多次波去除效果明显,剖面基底清楚,断面清晰。通过对SRME技术应用于浅水区域的探讨,证实了SRME技术在海洋高分辨率地震勘探浅水区域应用效果较好。     

粤北下庄矿田太平庵地区闪长玢岩的发现及其年代学特征

粤北下庄矿田是我国南方重要的花岗岩型铀矿产地,矿田内部基性岩脉与铀矿成矿具有密切关系,侵位于产铀岩体-下庄岩体。野外地质接触关系表明,下庄岩体侵位较早,晚期NNE向岩脉在下庄岩体内部侵位,两者呈侵入接触关系。通过对太平庵地区岩脉的野外地质特征和岩石薄片镜下特征,认为岩脉多具杏仁构造,为斑状结构,斑晶主要为角闪石和斜长石,定名为闪长玢岩。本次研究团队通过锆石U-Pb年代学测试表明下庄岩体侵位时间为245Ma,矿田内部近EW向分布的五组辉绿岩脉侵位时间为193±4Ma(王连训等,2011),本人结合NNE向岩脉的锆石CL图像、U-Pb年龄分析了岩脉的年代学特征,认为样品的206Pb/238U年龄介于231～253 Ma之间(MSWD=0.77),加权平均结果为242±2Ma (MSWD=8.9),代表了太平庵地区NNE向中性岩脉闪长玢岩的侵位结晶年龄。     

西藏拿若铜(金)矿床隐爆角砾岩流体包裹体研究

隐爆角砾岩是西藏拿若矿床的重要组成部分,赋存厚大的铜矿体。笔者将隐爆角砾岩中流体分成两个主要期次,并对这两期流体开展包裹体研究。通过包裹体岩相学和显微测温认为:角砾中的石英(早期)包裹体形状均匀呈椭圆形,大小主要在2~5μm;胶结物中石英(晚期)包裹体形状可见椭圆状、长条状和近方形,大小主要在2~7μm。早期流体的包裹体可分为两个阶段,均一温度分别为早阶段280~368℃和晚阶段208~305℃,盐度分布为(4.65~12.73)%Na Cleq。晚期流体的包裹体同样可分为两个阶段,其均一温度分别为早阶段309~588℃和晚阶段232~335℃,盐度变化为(3.55~12.51)%Na Cleq,两个阶段的流体分别属于高温、中低盐度和中高温、中低盐度流体。L-V型包裹体激光拉曼分析显示:包裹体中气泡成分主要为气态H2O和少量CO2。拿若矿床至少经历两次隐爆作用,由晚期沸腾热液引起,并未成矿。成矿作用发生于隐爆角砾岩形成之后。     

南秦岭石泉-汉阴北部煌斑岩脉特征及与金矿化的关系

羊坪湾矿区位于南秦岭南部逆冲推覆系迎丰-搁河口推覆体。北邻留凤关-金鸡岭褶皱束,西邻扬子准地台汉南凸起,南接北大巴山弧形褶皱带。矿区出露地层由南西向北东依次为洞河群（Z2-O）和下志留统梅子垭组（S1m）。其中洞河群分布于矿区的西南部,呈北西向展布,总体北东倾,倾角15°～45°,主要为硅质板岩,板岩中局部夹薄层炭质绢云石英片岩。下志留统梅子垭组倾向北东,倾角一般15°～50°,局部倾角最高可达75o,地层沿倾向及走向具波状起伏特征。梅子垭组以绢云石英片岩、二云石英片岩、含炭绢云石英片岩为主,以及夹有少量灰岩、大理岩条带等。金矿均赋存于志留系梅子垭组二云母石英片岩和含炭二云石英片岩中,以前者为主,约占90%以上。黄龙金矿区出露地层为下志留统梅子垭组,岩性为一套巨厚的浅变质细碎屑岩系,主要为绢云石英片岩、变砂岩、含黑云母变斑晶绢云石英片岩、含炭绢云石英片岩、含石榴子石黑云母变斑晶绢云石英片岩等。其中与矿（化）体关系最为密切的岩性为含炭绢云石英片岩、含黑云母变斑晶绢云石英片岩、含石榴子石黑云母变斑晶绢云石英片岩。