2020年1月19日新疆伽师MS6.4地震InSAR同震形变场特征及发震构造初步探讨

基于Sentinel-1 SAR升、降影像,利用D-InSAR技术获取新疆伽师M S6.4地震的同震形变场,结果表明,本次地震引起的同震形变场整体呈近椭圆状分布,形变区东西长约66 km,南北宽约40 km,整个形变场由南部隆升区和北部沉降区组成,南部最大隆升量约7 cm,北部最大沉降量约3 cm。本次地震发生在块体俯冲界面处的低倾角逆冲推覆构造带上,隆升和沉降两个中心均位于逆冲推覆体的上盘,形变主要以隆升形变为主,符合低倾角逆断层中强震的变形特征。在沉降区与隆升区之间干涉条纹连续分布,未出现表征地表破裂位置的空间失相关带,表明地震未引起明显的地表破裂。结合震源机制、余震精定位及区域构造特征,初步推断认为伽师地震的发震构造可能为柯坪塔格推覆构造前缘的N倾的柯坪断裂。     

基于系统动力学的巢湖流域水资源承载力动态预测与调控

湖泊流域水资源承载能力动态预测与调控是维护湖泊生态安全、保障社会经济健康持续发展的重要基础和手段.本文以巢湖流域为研究对象,提出基于系统动力学的湖泊流域水资源承载力动态预测技术和试验优化调控方法.首先以县(市)为基本单元构建水资源承载力系统动力学模拟与动态预测模型;再从空间上将各县(市)耦合为流域系统整体模型,并通过敏感性分析筛选量质要素调控指标;最后采用正交试验设计确定流域水资源承载力优化调控方案.结果表明:由于流域内产业规模的扩大以及城镇化率的提升,20172050年巢湖流域水资源承载状态值整体呈恶化趋势,并于2030年以后将长期处于超载状态,通过对影响要素针对性优化调控后,20172050年流域水资源承载状态均达到临界或可载.研究表明本文提出的方法对于促进区域社会经济环境协调发展和改善流域水资源承载力具有较好的实际应用价值.     

含油岩石弹性特征及其与油气的关系

本文用准噶尔盆地东部油区58口井共2257块油气储层岩芯标本,在常温常压和模拟地下温度压力下对V_P/V_S及衰减系数进行了精确测量,结合密度、孔隙度及岩石学研究获得个同岩性地层含油、水、气不同流体的V_P/V_S比、泊松比及不同深度的速度校正曲线;用回归分析获得V_P-V_S,密度-速度,密度-孔隙度的相关关系式;用数学统计获得稠油地区岩芯砂岩的速度特征值;用AVO技术进行模型计算和实例验证.为油气碳氢检测,测井速度标定,声阻抗及演,模型正演等提供了有价值的数据.     

数字编码日历钟

在地震观测中发展了一种石英日历钟。这个钟的时间精度为≤3×10-9/天。它是采用MOS集成电路制成的,并使用荧光数码管作为日历和时钟的显示。时标输出除有常规的时、分和秒号外,还将日历和时钟数据以串行编码方式输出。     

2014 年于田MS 7. 3 地震产生的静态库仑应力变化及对周边断层的影响

计算了2008 年以来于田地区4 次MS5. 5 以上地震产生的同震静态库仑破裂应力场变化,分析它们之间的应力触发效应、4 次地震产生的应力变化与余震分布的关系及其对周边主要断层的影响。结果表明,2011 年MS5. 5、2014 年MS7. 3 地震均处于之前地震产生的库仑破裂应力增加区,增加值分别为0. 004、0. 021MPa,说明这两次地震明显受到之前强震触发作用的影响;而2012 年MS6. 2 地震位于之前地震产生的应力影区内,对其发生有延缓作用。此次MS7. 3 地震产生的库仑破裂应力场图像与目前余震空间分布特征较为吻合;但主震破裂面上部分应力增强区几乎没有余震发生,这些地区未来存在发生强余震的可能。距此次震中最近的贡嘎错断裂中段上不同断层段库仑应力扰动值变化很大,计算结果可能会受有限断层震源模型的一定影响,依然存在较强的地震危险性。此外,贡嘎错断裂东北段、普鲁断裂中西段及龙木错-邦达错断裂带西段受2008 年以来地震的累积库仑应力增加的影响也较为明显,其应力扰动最大值均超过0. 002MPa,同样存在一定地震危险性。     

强震下地铁车站结构动力响应特性

研究地下结构在地震中的动力响应,对地铁的建设和安全运营有重要的现实意义.根据试验条件和Bockingham定理,作者确定了试验相似比,针对北京地区的地质条件和典型的地铁车站结构进行了大型振动台试验,并对得到的加速度时程进行了分析.通过分析,发现土与地下结构间存在相互作用,但地下结构不会表现出其自振频率,而是随着土体一起振动;在低强度地震下,地下结构对土体影响较小;在高强度地震下,地下结构对土体影响较大;峰值加速度的放大倍数不会超过2,且同一点的放大倍数基本保持不变;随埋深的增加,卓越频率和其振幅会减小,且加速度峰值也有相似的规律.     

地下爆炸地震耦合效应的静态分析

首先修正了地下爆炸地震耦合效应的准静态理论,然后利用改进之后的理论对剪切模量、材料强度、围压以及孔隙率不同的介质中地下爆炸的震源强度进行了分析.分析结果表明,对于密实硬岩介质来说,在其它条件不变的情况下,介质的剪切模量越大,震源强度越低;介质的强度越大,震源强度越低;震源强度随着埋深的增加而降低.而干燥多孔介质中的干孔隙率也对震源强度有重要影响.     

乌什地震台伸缩仪资料影响因素分析

通过对乌什台伸缩仪资料的分析,总结了现阶段伸缩仪资料的影响因素,其中气压变化对观测数据有明显的干扰,两者呈正相关关系;仪器自身工作状态不正常、仪器间的相互检修也会影响数据稳定;突然停电、电压波动、瞬间的强雷电干扰等都会对仪器的工作状态产生较大的影响。     

Wheat straw burning and its associated impacts on Beijing air quality

Based on MODIS images, large-scale flow field charts and environmental monitoring data, we thor- oughly analyzed the spatial distribution of wheat straw burning in North China, with focus on its envi- ronmental impacts on the air quality of Beijing and pollution transport paths. And we anatomized changes of air quality in Beijing under the impacts of pollution generated by wheat straw burning around. The results indicate that: (1) The North China Plain, a winter-wheat growing area, is the main source of pollutants induced by wheat straw burning in Beijing. The direction of south-west is the dominant heavy pollution transport path. (2) Impacts of wheat straw burning on air quality are mainly manifested by significantly increasing CO concentration. (3) Precursors of O3 generated by wheat straw burning, combining with favorable meteorological conditions, can induce increasing O3 concentration greatly. NO concentration will be greatly increased due to decreasing O3 concentration at night. (4) Atmospheric particles, especially the fine ones, from wheat straw burning exert considerable influ- ence on Beijing air quality. (5) Different contributions of wheat straw burning to pollutants are identified. Ratios of PM10/SO2, CO/SO2, etc., can be applied to indicate pollution extent of wheat straw burning. High ratios of PM10/SO2 and CO/SO2 show that the air quality was heavily impacted by wheat straw burning and these ratios can be employed as indicators of contribution of wheat straw burning to the degradation of Beijing air quality. (6) Randomness of wheat straw burning activities renders random outbreak of air pollution of this type. Regional and extensive wheat straw burning activities can cause serious air pollution event.     

The generation and its sealing condition of natural gas in the Tadong area

Focusing on the two natural gas exploration geological problems with abundant source of oil cracking gas in the late stage and the sealing condition of the oil cracking gas reservoir, the kinetics of oil cracking gas and the evaluation parameters of gas cap rock are adopted to the study on the natural gas accumulation conditions in the Tadong area. Both the study on the kinetics of oil cracking gas and the statistical results of reservoir bitumen reveal that the geological formation of oil cracking gas in the Tadong area is located in the top of Cambrian. Two kinds of oil cracking gas geological models at least, namely well Mandong-1’s early rapid generation model (Middle Ordovician-end Silurian) and peak cracking model (with the natural gas conversion rate >90%), namely well Yingnan-2’s two-stage generation model of oil cracking gas, have been set up. The oil cracking gas of Yingnan-2 in the late stage is very significant in the evaluation of natural gas exploration in the Tadong area. The evaluation results of the cap rock show that the microscopic parameters of cap rock from the lower assemblage of Cambrian-Ordovician are better than those from the upper assemblage. The former has strong capillary sealing ability and higher cap rock breakthrough pressure than the upper assemblage, with strong sealing ability, so that natural gas dissipates mainly by diffusion. According to the above investigations, the lower assemblage Cambrian-Ordovician natural gas of Kongquehe slope, Tadong low uplift and Yingjisu depression in the Tadong area prospects well.