Quantitative assessment of gas washing of oils in the Tazhong area of the Tarim Basin,Northwest China

Gas washing has been known in the Tazhong area of the Tarim Basin, but its quantitative assessment has not yet been reported. Here the influence of gas washing fractionation in the area was discussed based on the gas chromatogram data of 68 oils and the results of the mixing experiments of a black oil and a condensate. The results show that the intensity of gas washing fractionation decreased generally from northern to southern part and vertically from deep reservoirs to shallow reservoirs. The gas washing fractionation was mainly controlled by fault systems in this area, with the increase of n-alkane mass depletion positively correlated to the number and scale of faults. Gas washing fractionation appears to have affected the hydrocarbon property, and as a result the diversity of the crude oils is markedly controlled by gas washing. In addition, the occurrence of waxy oil in this area may be resulted from multiple factors including gas washing, mixed filling and migration fractionation. Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB202303) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40672091)     

Stramonita haemastoma as a bioindicator for organotin contamination in coastal environments

Stramonita haemastoma was investigated as a suitable bioindicator of TBT and TPhT contamination in the tropical Atlantic Ocean by: 1. Imposex induction in healthy females after inoculation with TBT and TPhT in the laboratory; and 2. Determining incidence of imposex in S. haemastoma collected from areas with various levels of tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPhT) and determining the concentrations of these chemical in its tissues and that of its prey, the mussell Perna pernas. Imposex intensities and organotin concentrations in tissues showed good correlation, indicating S. haemastoma as a reliable bioindicator of TBT and TPhT contamination in coastal waters. Body burden threshold of TBT and TPhT for imposex induction was estimated to be 10-20 ng g(-1).     

女山地幔橄榄岩捕虏体Re-Os同位素地球化学

Re-Os同位素体系可以为大陆岩石圈地幔形成和演化提供重要制约.在近百个女山地幔橄榄岩捕虏体样品经不同程度的岩石学、岩石化学、矿物化学、单斜辉石微量元素等岩矿和地球化学研究基础上,选择了12个有代表性的样品作Re-Os同位素地球化学研究.其中有5个尖晶石二辉橄榄岩;1个尖晶石方辉橄榄岩;2个角闪石-尖晶石二辉橄榄岩;1个金云母-尖晶石二辉橄榄岩;3个石榴石-尖晶石二辉橄榄岩.     

回顾30年来的油气地球化学勘探

在美国采用地球化学方法勘探油气已有30年了,已经取得了大量的成果。壤中吸附烃抽提技术以及其测量分析都已得到了发展提高。实验表明,在首次测量后数年重新采样,异常可以重现;另一方面,随着油田的开采,烃异常逐渐变弱,最后趋于消失。尽管与大型油气藏相联系的晕圈(halo)这种基本异常模式继续被发现,亦已认识到其他类型的烃分布模式。烃测量技术有助于评价穹隆构造翼部的含油性,在获得适当的资料后,可以在构造顶部布钻。如例案所述,烃测量后指出在刺穿型穹隆构造的翼部有一油气藏分布。     

环太平洋带构造地层地体

引言近年来,北美克迪勒拉是通过分离的构造地层地体增生而形成的这一认识已经得到可资利用的新的地质、地球物理和古生物资料的支持(Jones等,1981;Jonts等,1983;Coney等,1980;Davis等,1978;Balke等,1983)。同样的增生过程似乎也影响了环太平洋边缘的大部分地区。为了探讨这一假说,我们已经编制了初步的环太平洋地体图。本文的目的是回顾Coney等(1980)和Jones等(1983)所提出的地体分析     

北美1987年的化探工作及学术交流情况回顾

1987年的找矿勘探仍侧重在贵金属,特别是金。加拿大继续开展铂族矿产的勘探工作。化探技术是上述这些矿产勘探与评价的基本方法。 采样及元素分布模式是普查勘探设计与解释的关键。近来,关于采集适宜的代表性样品问题正愈来愈多地引起人们的关注。在野外工作中,采样、样品加工与化学分析是影响贵金属勘探与开发的重要环节。     

地质样品中贵金属的等离子体原子荧光光谱分析

本文评述了等离子体原于荧光光谱(ICP-AFS)技术,它是作为测定地质样品中金、铂、钯的一种方法。金、铂、钯的检出限分别是1,12和0.5ng/ml。校正曲线在五个数量级内是线性的,可以不用稀释而只用一条分析曲线测定ppb级和ppm级的含量。本文研究了基体效应和光谱干扰,公认的参考物质分析表明准确度高,四个月的室内参考物质分析表明长期精密度为±5％。     

热带大草原和半干旱气候条件下红壤中金的地球化学和形态

文章以西非、西澳三个不同气候和地貌环境的红土型金矿床为例,阐述了微粒金在红土风化壳中的分布、组成、形态及其在红土化过程中的变化情况。     

反演的可靠性

虽然最小平方反演是数据分析常用的工具,而非单性问题是不可避免的问题;不过,这个问题通过考查模型响应对参数估算的灵度敏可以进行分析,这种灵敏度分方法还可产生只满足某些分解(或稳定度)准则的极值解。产生这种解的两种非常相似的的方法为“边界弯曲(Edgehog)”法和“最大平方法”,这两种方法是Jackson(1973、1976)提出来的。最小平方反演测定“非单值性度”的这些方法只需要奇异值分解(SVD)解中计算的数据。“边界弯曲”和“最大平方”方法在数学上是相似的,“最大平方”估算在计算上比较简单。这两方法都说明,一种反演的可靠性取决于特殊的误差准则以及与最小平方解有关的雅科毕(Jacobian)矩阵的特征等两个方面。两种相似方法的相似性由合成和实际垂直地震剖面(VSP)的旅行时间反演得到了证明。反演问题的灵敏度分析还提供了解的可靠性的定量测量值。