灌河口近岸海域春季海洋环境现状调查

【目的】调查灌河口邻近海域生态环境状况。【方法】2016年5月对该海域进行水质、沉积物和生物生态现状调查。【结果与结论】水质主要超标因子为无机氮、磷酸盐;沉积物质量监测项目全部符合一类沉积物质量标准。浮游植物生物多样性指数丰富(3.11),浮游动物、游泳动物的生物多样性指数较丰富(大于2),底栖生物较贫乏(0.97)。底栖生物密度与沉积物硫化物显著正相关。浮游植物密度与叶素绿a显著正相关。小型网浮游动物密度与水温、化学需氧量显著负相关,其种类与营养盐、化学需氧量显著负相关,二者均与盐度显著正相关。     

Properties and organic activation of ocean clay in the East Pacific

In order to make use of ocean clay reasonably and excavate its potential applications the properties of ocean clay in Chinese investigating area of the East Pacific have been tested with the chemical analysis, XRFS, ICP/MAS, granulometry and SSA, etc. The results show that the clay sediments of this area are rich in clay minerals, fine granularity, bigger SSA, bigger water absorbability and lower ion changing ability etc. To improve the adaptability of ocean clay and macromolecule materials, using the dry milling method with silane, aluminate, stearic acid coupling agents etc the properties of ocean clay are improved. The effect has been evaluated by testing the water absorbing of the modified ocean clay and their dispersing in paraffin liquid. The result is that KH550 is better than any other active reagents, and the best activation technics is that 1.5% (volume) of KH550 quantity, 20min of milling time. The DTA, XRD, SEM and IR analyses and SSA testing show that the organic activation can not change the mineral structure but can densify the structure of clay, and activation mechanism is chemical covered mainly and chemical combined secondly.     

Life's origin: the cosmic, planetary and biological processes

From elements formed in interstellar furnaces to humans peering back at the stars, the evolution of life has been a long, intricate and perhaps inevitable process. Life as we know it requires a planet orbiting a star at just the right distance so that water can exist in liquid form. It needs a rich supply of chemicals and energy sources. On Earth, the combination of chemistry and energy generated molecules that evolved ways of replicating themselves and of passing information from one generation to the next. Thus, the thread of life began. This chart traces the thread, maintained by DNA molecules for much of its history, as it weaves its way through the primitive oceans, gaining strength and diversity along the way. Organisms eventually moved onto the land, where advanced forms, including humans, ultimately arose. Finally, assisted by a technology of its own making, life has reached back out into space to understand its own origins, to expand into new realms, and to seek other living threads in the cosmos.     

A Measurement of Omega from the North American Test Flight of Boomerang

We use the angular power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background, measured during the North American test flight of the Boomerang experiment, to constrain the geometry of the universe. Within the class of cold dark matter models, we find that the overall fractional energy density of the universe Omega is constrained to be 0.85相似文献   

Large Magellanic Cloud Planetary Nebula Morphology: Probing Stellar Populations and Evolution

Planetary nebulae (PNe) in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) offer the unique opportunity to study both the population and evolution of low- and intermediate-mass stars, by means of the morphological type of the nebula. Using observations from our LMC PN morphological survey, and including images available in the Hubble Space Telescope Data Archive and published chemical abundances, we find that asymmetry in PNe is strongly correlated with a younger stellar population, as indicated by the abundance of elements that are unaltered by stellar evolution (Ne, Ar, and S). While similar results have been obtained for Galactic PNe, this is the first demonstration of the relationship for extragalactic PNe. We also examine the relation between morphology and abundance of the products of stellar evolution. We found that asymmetric PNe have higher nitrogen and lower carbon abundances than symmetric PNe. Our two main results are broadly consistent with the predictions of stellar evolution if the progenitors of asymmetric PNe have on average larger masses than the progenitors of symmetric PNe. The results bear on the question of formation mechanisms for asymmetric PNe-specifically, that the genesis of PNe structure should relate strongly to the population type, and by inference the mass, of the progenitor star and less strongly on whether the central star is a member of a close binary system.     

Supranova Events from Spun-up Neutron Stars: An Explosion in Search of an Observation

We consider a formation scenario for supramassive neutron stars (SMNSs) that takes place through mass and angular momentum transfer from a close companion during a low-mass X-ray binary phase, with the ensuing suppression of the magnetic field. After the end of the mass transfer phase, SMNSs will lose, through magnetic dipole radiation, most of their angular momentum, triggering the star's collapse to a black hole. We discuss the rate of occurrence of these collapses and propose that these stars, because of the baryon-clear environment in which the implosion/explosion takes place, are the originators of gamma-ray bursts.     

Estimation of transition redshift based on Reinsch splines

Many schemes have been proposed to define a model-independent constraint on cosmological dynamics, such as the nonparametric dark energy equation of state ω(z) or the deceleration parameter q(z). These methods usually contain derivatives with respect to observational data with noise. However, there can be large uncertainties when one estimates values with numerical differentiation, especially when noise is significant. We introduce a global numerical differentiation method, first formulated by Reinsch, which is smoothed by cubic spline functions, and apply it to the estimation of the transition redshift ztwith a simulated expansion rate E(z) based on observational Hubble parameter data. We also discuss some deficiencies and limitations of this method.     

主动-被动式雷达探测雷暴源

宽波段主动－被动式雷达探测雷暴云是获得云中电状态信息的新手段,它不仅可用来确定雷暴前期大气电的发展程度,还可确定威胁飞机 (或飞行器等 )的雷暴云危险程度。在雷暴期间可确定不同尺度雷电产生的时刻和部位以及它们维持的时间。根据当时得到的资料可确定雷电活动的时空状态,并可预测雷电发展的趋势。 随着人类在空中活动的不断增多,飞机尺度和飞行速度的明显增大,飞机遭受意外雷击的飞行事故也相应增多。不仅产生过非雷暴云对邻近飞机的雷击,甚至在冬季也产生过雷击现象。这些现象产生原因与常规气象探测手段不能足够客观地评价…     

回顾30年来的油气地球化学勘探

在美国采用地球化学方法勘探油气已有30年了,已经取得了大量的成果。壤中吸附烃抽提技术以及其测量分析都已得到了发展提高。实验表明,在首次测量后数年重新采样,异常可以重现;另一方面,随着油田的开采,烃异常逐渐变弱,最后趋于消失。尽管与大型油气藏相联系的晕圈(halo)这种基本异常模式继续被发现,亦已认识到其他类型的烃分布模式。烃测量技术有助于评价穹隆构造翼部的含油性,在获得适当的资料后,可以在构造顶部布钻。如例案所述,烃测量后指出在刺穿型穹隆构造的翼部有一油气藏分布。