全文获取类型
收费全文 | 560篇 |
免费 | 8篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 10篇 |
大气科学 | 7篇 |
地球物理 | 151篇 |
地质学 | 243篇 |
海洋学 | 39篇 |
天文学 | 63篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
自然地理 | 56篇 |
出版年
2019年 | 6篇 |
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 10篇 |
2016年 | 9篇 |
2015年 | 4篇 |
2014年 | 17篇 |
2013年 | 26篇 |
2012年 | 15篇 |
2011年 | 24篇 |
2010年 | 22篇 |
2009年 | 22篇 |
2008年 | 22篇 |
2007年 | 16篇 |
2006年 | 25篇 |
2005年 | 10篇 |
2004年 | 9篇 |
2003年 | 15篇 |
2002年 | 11篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 5篇 |
1999年 | 9篇 |
1998年 | 6篇 |
1997年 | 9篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 8篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 7篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 9篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 5篇 |
1974年 | 8篇 |
1973年 | 4篇 |
1968年 | 4篇 |
1965年 | 6篇 |
1964年 | 4篇 |
1962年 | 4篇 |
1953年 | 5篇 |
1952年 | 4篇 |
1951年 | 5篇 |
1950年 | 4篇 |
1949年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有570条查询结果,搜索用时 140 毫秒
411.
412.
JuliaBoike OlafIppisch 《冰川冻土》2002,24(5):538-543
Mud boils, classified as non-sorted circles, are a common patterned ground phenomenon of permafrost areas. They typically consist of a bare circle center of cryoturbated soil and are surrounded by vegetation on more stable soil. The objectives are to examine differences in seasonal hydrologic and thermal dynamic across this gradient of cryoturbation, i.e. the region below the organic border and the mud center. We installed instruments in a mud boil at a site close to Ny-@lesund, Spitsbergen, in September 1998. The bare soil circle center ranges about 1 m in diameter and is surrounded by a vegetated border consisting of a mixture of low vascular plants, mosses and lichens. Fine soil (>95% clay and silt) in the lower part of the profile is overlain by coarser grained material (silt and sand). The grain size distribution also suggests an upwelling of fine material in the center of the circle. Temperature and moisture sensors were installed over a vertical 1 m×1 m profile and hourly data recording started in September 1998. Surface irregularities, as well as variations of grain size and moisture, create a non-uniform thermal and hydrologic dynamic. We qualitatively analyze this dynamic with respect to the mud boils physical stability. 相似文献
413.
Minimal and maximal models of Late Pleistocene Glaciation on the Tibetan Plateau are considered. The large ice sheet models indicate that disintegration of the ice sheet could have contributed up to 7 mm/yr of present vertical uplift and 2 mm/yr of horizontal extension. The former value can account for more than 50% of the observed uplift in central Tibet. The peak free-air gravity anomaly arising from the deglaciation would be around −5.4 mGal. In contrast, the smaller ice sheet models do not contribute significantly to the signals of present uplift and gravity anomalies. Modern geodetic measurements therefore have the potential to constrain the Late Pleistocene glaciation of the Tibetan Plateau. Assuming a large ice sheet over the Tibetan Plateau, the disintegration can contribute up to 6 m of eustatic sea-level rise. 相似文献
414.
415.
Thermodynamic pseudosections portray those parts of a petrogenetic grid that are relevant to a given bulk composition and
the reactions appearing on them can therefore be used directly to infer the PT path that the rock followed. However, for many ‘normal’ bulk compositions the use of pseudosections is hampered by the fact
that they display only few large fields of high thermodynamic variance in the PT range of interest. Here it is discussed how modal information on reaction progress within these fields can be used to determine
PT path information for thermodynamically high variant metamorphic assemblages. We use this information on reaction progress
to contour pseudosections for modal proportions of minerals using the software package THERMOCALC. The approach is applied
to di- tri- and quadrivariant assemblages from the Koralm complex in the eastern Alps. A PT path for these rocks is derived from modal considerations and compared with interpretations of mineral composition contours
on the same pseudosection and with conventional thermobarometry. It is shown that at least part of the complex must have cooled
initially near isobarically from prevalent peak conditions around 700°C and 14 kbar before the rocks commenced a Barroviantype
decompression path. 相似文献
416.
Kurt A. Refsnider Benjamin J.C. Laabs David M. Mickelson Marc W. Caffee 《Quaternary Research》2008,69(1):130-144
During the last glacial maximum (LGM), the western Uinta Mountains of northeastern Utah were occupied by the Western Uinta Ice Field. Cosmogenic 10Be surface-exposure ages from the terminal moraine in the North Fork Provo Valley and paired 26Al and 10Be ages from striated bedrock at Bald Mountain Pass set limits on the timing of the local LGM. Moraine boulder ages suggest that ice reached its maximum extent by 17.4 ± 0.5 ka (± 2σ). 10Be and 26Al measurements on striated bedrock from Bald Mountain Pass, situated near the former center of the ice field, yield a mean 26Al/10Be ratio of 5.7 ± 0.8 and a mean exposure age of 14.0 ± 0.5 ka, which places a minimum-limiting age on when the ice field melted completely. We also applied a mass/energy-balance and ice-flow model to investigate the LGM climate of the western Uinta Mountains. Results suggest that temperatures were likely 5 to 7°C cooler than present and precipitation was 2 to 3.5 times greater than modern, and the western-most glaciers in the range generally received more precipitation when expanding to their maximum extent than glaciers farther east. This scenario is consistent with the hypothesis that precipitation in the western Uintas was enhanced by pluvial Lake Bonneville during the last glaciation. 相似文献
417.
Ultra-high degree spherical harmonic analysis and synthesis using extended-range arithmetic 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
We present software for spherical harmonic analysis (SHA) and spherical harmonic synthesis (SHS), which can be used for essentially
arbitrary degrees and all co-latitudes in the interval (0°, 180°). The routines use extended-range floating-point arithmetic,
in particular for the computation of the associated Legendre functions. The price to be paid is an increased computation time;
for degree 3,000, the extended-range arithmetic SHS program takes 49 times longer than its standard arithmetic counterpart.
The extended-range SHS and SHA routines allow us to test existing routines for SHA and SHS. A comparison with the publicly
available SHS routine GEOGFG18 by Wenzel and HARMONIC SYNTH by Holmes and Pavlis confirms what is known about the stability of these programs. GEOGFG18 gives errors <1 mm for latitudes [-89°57.5′, 89°57.5′] and maximum degree 1,800. Higher degrees significantly limit the range
of acceptable latitudes for a given accuracy. HARMONIC SYNTH gives good results up to degree 2,700 for almost the whole latitude range. The errors increase towards the North pole and
exceed 1 mm at latitude 82° for degree 2,700. For a maximum degree 3,000, HARMONIC SYNTH produces errors exceeding 1 mm at latitudes of about 60°, whereas GEOGFG18 is limited to latitudes below 45°. Further extending the latitudinal band towards the poles may produce errors of several
metres for both programs. A SHA of a uniform random signal on the sphere shows significant errors beyond degree 1,700 for
the SHA program SHA by Heck and Seitz. 相似文献
418.
Late Cretaceous exhumation history of an extensional extruding wedge (Graz Paleozoic Nappe Complex, Austria) 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Krenn Kurt Fritz Harald Mogessie Aberra Schaflechner Johannes 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2008,97(6):1331-1352
Late Cretaceous structures within the eastern Graz Paleozoic Nappe Complex define an extruding wedge with north-eastward directed
thrusting in eastern portions and strike-slip shear along the margins. Stacking structures are overprinted by south-westward
directed extension with low-grade metamorphic rocks in the hangingwall and high-grade basement rocks in the footwall. Pressure–temperature
and structural data are obtained from successively opening quartz veins that record various stages of progressive deformation
and metamorphism. Fluid inclusion data and related structures show that during extension isothermal decompression from ca.
550°C and 8 kbar down to ca. 450°C and 2 kbar was related to exhumation of rocks from deep crustal levels. The data point
to a high geothermal gradient and explain condensed paleo-isotherms due to ductile normal faulting in the eastern areas of
the Graz Paleozoic Nappe Complex. The investigated Late Cretaceous structural elements suggest that the Graz Paleozoic Nappe
Complex decoupled from the surrounding basement units and operated as a large-scale extension–extrusion corridor that evolved
prior to Miocene extrusion tectonics in the Eastern Alps. 相似文献
419.
I. M. Golinskaya V. G. Kurt T. A. Miziakina A. I. Rutkovskii A. C. Smirnov V. M. Shamolin E. Yu. Shafer E. K. Sheffer Yu. N. Gnedin V. V. Kir'yan V. A. Krat G. V. Khozov V. M. Larionov 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1985,115(2):393-397
X-ray bursts of the source A 0535+262 with a characteristic time-scale 5 min have been discovered using the observational data of the Soviet Astron satellite obtained on 7 April, 1983. Similar temporal variations were observed in the IR range on 26 September, 1981, 26–27 October and 16–17 December, 1983. The presence of such bursts gives evidence of strong inhomogeneity in the electron shell around the optical component and an accreting flow of matter in the vicinity of the neutron star. The parameters of the inhomogeneities are estimated. 相似文献
420.
Johannes?Horak Ivo?Schmerold Kurt?Wimmer Günther?SchaubergerEmail authorView authors OrcID profile 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2017,130(1-2):107-118
In vehicles that are parked, no ventilation and/or air conditioning takes place. If a vehicle is exposed to direct solar radiation, an immediate temperature rise occurs. The high cabin air temperature can threaten children and animals that are left unattended in vehicles. In the USA, lethal heat strokes cause a mean death rate of 37 children per year. In addition, temperature-sensitive goods (e.g. drugs in ambulances and veterinary vehicles) can be adversely affected by high temperatures. To calculate the rise of the cabin air temperature, a dynamic model was developed that is driven by only three parameters, available at standard meteorological stations: air temperature, global radiation and wind velocity. The transition from the initial temperature to the constant equilibrium temperature depends strongly on the configuration of the vehicle, more specifically on insulation, window area and transmission of the glass, as well as on the meteorological conditions. The comparison of the model with empirical data showed good agreement. The model output can be applied to assess the heat load of children and animals as well as temperature-sensitive goods, which are transported and/or stored in a vehicle. 相似文献