川滇地区地震活动单键群分析

利用单键群（即ＳＬＣ）分析方法,通过有关ＳＬＣ特征参量的时间滑移分析,结合１９７０年以来的区域地震活动和构造环境,分析了川滇西部地区的地震活动。较之７０年代和８０年代,９０年代的地震活动在总体上是处于中等强度的活动水平。文章认为,ＳＬＣ方法考虑了地震事件的时空关联性,可以用来分析地震活动趋势,是研究地震活动性的有用工具。     

新疆地震活动区的地磁观测与研究

新疆地区是中国最活跃的地震区之一.为了监测新疆地区潜在的强烈地震,2003年在该地区建立了N和S两个地磁测网并进行了地磁三分量测量.在N和S两个测网所选建的51个测点周围环境良好,地磁梯度小,适宜地磁测量.在野外测量中,使用性能稳定可靠的G-856磁力仪、DI磁力仪与GPS仪器,应用GPS测定方位角,DI磁力仪测量地磁偏角D与倾角I,G-856磁力仪测量总强度F.应用新疆地区乌鲁木齐与喀什地磁台站的资料,分别通化了N和S两个测网的地磁测量资料.该地磁通化值的平均标准偏差σ为:F的σf=0.20 nT;D的σd=0.06′;I的σI=0.03′,表明地磁测量资料准确可靠.根据上述地磁测量资料,应用精度高的spline方法,得到了N与S测网地磁场及其异常场的分布.结果表明,该地磁场及其异常场的分布,可以准确地描述N与S测网的地磁场及其地磁异常场.该地磁分布为今后在新疆地区的震磁研究与地震监测提供了良好的地磁参考场.     

GeoPW: Laying Blocks for the Geospatial Processing Web

Recent advances in Web‐related technologies have significantly promoted the wide sharing and integrated analysis of distributed geospatial data. Geospatial applications often involve diverse sources of data and complex geoprocessing functions. Existing Web‐based GIS focuses more on access to distributed geospatial data. In scientific problem solving, the ability to carry out geospatial analysis is essential to geoscientific discovery. This article presents the design and implementation of GeoPW, a set of services providing geoprocessing functions over the Web. The concept of the Geospatial Processing Web is discussed to address the geoprocessing demands in the emerging information infrastructure, and the role of GeoPW in establishing the Geospatial Processing Web is identified. The services in GeoPW are implemented by developing middleware that wraps legacy GIS analysis components to provide a large number of geoprocessing utilities over the Web. These services are open and accessible to the public, and they support integrated geoprocessing on the Web.     

A double-differenced cycle slip detection and repair method for GNSS CORS network

The difficulty to detect and repair cycle slip of carrier phase measurements is a key limit for continuously high accuracy of GNSS positioning and navigation services. We propose an automated cycle slip detection and repair method for data preprocessing of a CORS network. The method jointly uses double-differenced (DD) geometry-free (GF) combination and ionospheric-free observation corrected for the computed geometrical distance (IF-OMC) to estimate the cycle slips in dual-frequency observations. The DD GF combination, which is only affected by the ionospheric residual, can be used to detect cycle slips with high reliability except for special pairs such as (77, 60) on GPS L1/L2 frequencies. The detection principle of the IF-OMC observable is such that there is a large discontinuity related to the previous epoch when cycle slips occur at the present epoch. The disadvantages of these two combinations can be overcome employing the proposed detection method. The cycle slip pair (77, 60) has no effect on the GF combination, while a change of 14.65 m is derived from GPS L1/L2 observations using the IF-OMC algorithm. Using pre-determined station coordinates as precise values, we found that the accuracy of the DD IF-OMC combination was 18 mm for a 200-km CORS baseline. Therefore, cycle slips in dual-frequency observations can be correctly and uniquely determined using DD GF and IF-OMC equations. The proposed method was verified by adding simulated cycle slips in observations collected from the CORS network under a quiet ionosphere and shown to be effective. Moreover, the method was assessed with observations made during intense ionospheric activity, which generated extensive cycle slips. The results show that the algorithm can detect and repair all cycle slips apart from two exceptions relating to long data gaps.     

程序升温-气相色谱-同位素比值质谱法分析多环芳烃单体碳同位素组成

环境样品中PAHs的单体碳同位素比值在迁移转化过程中能基本保持稳定,是重要的溯源指标,可通过气相色谱-同位素比值质谱(GC-IRMS)分析获得。对于低PAHs含量的样品,满足GC-IRMS检出限是高精度、准确分析单体碳同位素比值的前提。本文优化了一种程序升温汽化进样(PTV)方法,通过对PTV进样模式及进样口参数进行优化调整,提高目标物谱峰强度,进而提高GC-IRMS碳同位素分析的灵敏度。实验对比研究了恒温不分流、PTV不分流和溶剂分流进样模式,并对PTV进样口参数包括进样口压力梯度、传输温度和时间、蒸发温度和时间、进样口不分流时间进行了对比优化,以选出最优的PAHs单体碳同位素分析条件。结果表明：在PTV不分流进样、进样口压力40psi—60psi—70psi梯度升高、传输温度320℃、传输时间1.0min、蒸发温度55℃、蒸发时间2.5min、不分流时间1.5min条件下,PAHs的单体碳同位素结果最优。增加预柱可以提高峰强,尤其5环PAHs的峰强度提高达50%~100%。单体碳同位素分析精度(1σ)在0.5‰以内,系统性碳同位素分馏可以采用双标法校正。优化后的PTV-GC-IRMS方法可以实现低含量PAHs单体碳同位素的高精度、准确分析,扩大了同位素溯源在环境研究中的适用性。     

中国重要生态保护区域人类干扰时空变化特征分析

构建人类干扰指数,从时间和空间双重角度,评估中国重要生态保护区域人类干扰变化特征。研究表明：① 总体来说,2018年中国重要生态保护区域人类干扰低于全国平均水平,1980―2018年,和全国平均水平相比,中国重要生态保护区域人类干扰增加幅度小、增长趋势慢,定量说明中国重要生态保护区域人类活动整体管控成效好;② 1980―2018年,3类重要生态保护区域（国家级自然保护区、生物多样性优先区、重点生态功能区）人类干扰指数均呈逐步增加趋势。以“胡焕庸线”为界,重要生态保护区域以西、以北人类干扰总体较小,增加相对缓慢;以东、以南人类干扰相对明显,增加也相对明显,今后对这些区域要重点加强管控;③ 国家级自然保护区人类干扰指数在5个监测年份均最低,增加趋势最平缓、增幅最小,人类活动实际管控成效最好;重点生态功能区和生物多样性优先区人类干扰相对较大,管控成效有待显现,结果反映中国对重要生态保护区域分类管控力度和梯度的差异;④ 重要生态保护区域内部人类干扰指数及增幅均低于外部未受保护区域,构建重要生态保护区域有效降低人类干扰。     

2.5D direct‐current resistivity forward modelling and inversion by finite‐element–infinite‐element coupled method

To reduce the numerical errors arising from the improper enforcement of the artificial boundary conditions on the distant surface that encloses the underground part of the subsurface, we present a finite‐element–infinite‐element coupled method to significantly reduce the computation time and memory cost in the 2.5D direct‐current resistivity inversion. We first present the boundary value problem of the secondary potential. Then, a new type of infinite element is analysed and applied to replace the conventionally used mixed boundary condition on the distant boundary. In the internal domain, a standard finite‐element method is used to derive the final system of linear equations. With a novel shape function for infinite elements at the subsurface boundary, the final system matrix is sparse, symmetric, and independent of source electrodes. Through lower upper decomposition, the multi‐pole potentials can be swiftly obtained by simple back‐substitutions. We embed the newly developed forward solution to the inversion procedure. To compute the sensitivity matrix, we adopt the efficient adjoint equation approach to further reduce the computation cost. Finally, several synthetic examples are tested to show the efficiency of inversion.     

莱芜市土地登记系统的设计与实现

针对现有土地登记发证业务的特点和作业方式,提出了莱芜市土地登记系统的设计思路和原则,依托莱芜市三维国土一张图管地平台开发设计了土地登记系统。总体上实现了土地登记办公的整个业务流程,为政府管理部门办理日常业务提供了新模式。     

基于“天地图”的位置服务平台的设计与实现

在位置服务平台建设过程中,为了解决全国性地图数据源、标准统一、详实性、现势性等问题,设计在地图数据源上采用国家、省、市三级的"天地图"地图服务。并且介绍了平台的分布式架构、多服务器集群服务技术、多终端协议集成服务技术及"天地图"接入实现应用的方法。