Seasonal Variation of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet and Its Association with the Heating Field over East Asia

The structure and seasonal variation of the East Asian Subtropical Westerly Jet （EAWJ） and associations with heating fields over East Asia are examined by using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data. Obvious differences exist in the westerly jet intensity and location in different regions and seasons due to the ocean-land distribution and seasonal thermal contrast, as well as the dynamic and thermodynamic impacts of the Tibetan Plateau. In winter, the EAWJ center is situated over the western Pacific Ocean and the intensity is reduced gradually from east to west over the East Asian region. In summer, the EAWJ center is located over the north of the Tibetan Plateau and the jet intensity is reduced evidently compared with that in winter. The EAWJ seasonal evolution is characterized by the obvious longitudinal inconsistency of the northward migration and in-phase southward retreat of the EAWJ axis. A good correspondence between the seasonal variations of EAWJ and the meridional differences of air temperature （MDT） in the mid-upper troposphere demonstrates that the MDT is the basic reason for the seasonal variation of EAWJ. Correlation analyses indicate that the Kuroshio Current region to the south of Japan and the Tibetan Plateau are the key areas for the variations of the EAWJ intensities in winter and in summer, respectively. The strong sensible and latent heating in the Kuroshio Current region is closely related to the intensification of EAWJ in winter. In summer, strong sensible heating in the Tibetan Plateau corresponds to the EAWJ strengthening and southward shift, while the weak sensible heating in the Tibetan Plateau is consistent with the EAWJ weakening and northward migration.     

核电站前期建设工程项目中的综合防雷技术与应用

根据湖北省防雷中心对我国已建核电站前期工程中雷击灾害所作的调查及分析,指出了核电厂选址的基本要求与防雷之间的关系;概述了核电厂厂址专用气象观测站建设项目及设备布设情况;重点从直击雷防护、地网建设、弱电设备雷电防护这三方面对核电站前期建设工程项目中防雷系统建设进行了探讨;最后,联系实际,简要分析了核电厂前期工程综合防雷的效果。     

“圣帕”与“桑美”台风成功决策服务对比分析

从台风影响长沙前的气候背景、预报服务背景、预报依据结论、决策服务及效果等方面分析了"圣帕""桑美"影响期间的决策服务情况.结论表明:两个台风影响前气候背景不同,但预报服务背景相似;对长沙造成的影响、决策气象服务的重点不同;把握好当前的气候背景与预报服务背景,做好做准台风预报,是台风决策服务的关键.     

信阳市渔业气象服务效益分析

对信阳市南湾水库渔业气象服务效益调查分析结果表明:在亲鱼培育、种苗繁殖、苗种培育、成鱼养殖、捕捞等主要生产阶段,成鱼养殖阶段服务效益最大,为21.98万元;繁殖、亲鱼培育阶段服务效益占该阶段渔业总产值的比例分别列第一和第二,说明这两个生产阶段气象服务尤为重要.由于对渔业气象服务还不够重视,加之还缺乏渔业与气象条件关系的研究,目前渔业气象服务层次较低,渔业气象服务效益贡献率也较低.     

Forced response of the East Asian summer rainfall over the past millennium: results from a coupled model simulation

The centennial?Cmillennial variation of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation over the past 1000?years was investigated through the analysis of a millennium simulation of the coupled ECHO-G model. The model results indicate that the centennial?Cmillennial variation of the EASM is essentially a forced response to the external radiative forcing (insolation, volcanic aerosol, and green house gases). The strength of the response depends on latitude; and the spatial structure of the centennial?Cmillennial variation differs from the interannual variability that arises primarily from the internal feedback processes within the climate system. On millennial time scale, the extratropical and subtropical precipitation was generally strong during Medieval Warm Period (MWP) and weak during Little Ice Age (LIA). The tropical rainfall is insensitive to the effective solar radiation forcing (insolation plus radiative effect of volcanic aerosols) but significantly responds to the modern anthropogenic radiative forcing. On centennial time scale, the variation of the extratropical and subtropical rainfall also tends to follow the effective solar radiation forcing closely. The forced response features in-phase rainfall variability between the extratropics and subtropics, which is in contrast to the anti-correlation on the interannual time scale. Further, the behavior of the interannual?Cdecadal variation in the extratropics is effectively modulated by change of the mean states on the millennial time scale, suggesting that the structure of the internal mode may vary with significant changes in the external forcing. These findings imply that on the millennial time scale, (a) the proxy data in the extratropical EA may more sensitively reflect the EASM rainfall variations, and (b) the Meiyu and the northern China rainfall provide a consistent measure for the EASM strength.     

机场净空区建筑物的识别与监测

目前,在建筑物识别与监测方面,基于单幅高分辨率遥感影像的阴影测高法和基于多视角影像的立体像对法将建筑物轮廓或名称识别与高度监测相独立,因此导致其自动化水平较低、数据冗余度与成本较高。基于数字表面模型(DSM)和兴趣点(POI)数据,本文提出了一种机场净空区建筑物识别与监测集成的方法,并以某国际机场为试验区对该方法的可行性进行了验证。试验结果表明:①该方法在建筑物识别与监测方面的准确率只取决于DSM的精度,而对DSM的数据来源没有限制;②以潜在危险建筑物高程变化速率为依据进行不定期的动态监测,在确保监测间隔期间机场净空区安全的同时可以降低数据成本和重复识别与监测所有建筑物造成的数据冗余度。     

Subglacial Meltwater Recharge in the Dongkemadi River Basin,Yangtze River Source Region

Glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau play an important role in the local hydrological cycle. However, there are only few studies on groundwater in the alpine basins in the Tibetan Plateau which considered the effects of glaciers. Glaciers are extensively distributed in the Dongkemadi River Basin, which is a representative alpine basin in the Yangtze River source region. This study focuses on building a numerical groundwater flow model with glaciations using HydroGeoSphere (HGS) to simulate subglacial meltwater recharge to groundwater in the Dongkemadi River Basin in response to future climate changes. Effects of hydraulic conductivity, precipitation, and temperature on subglacial meltwater recharge to groundwater were discussed. Glacier changes in the future 50 years were predicted under different climate change scenarios. Results show that: (1) the average thickness of the glacier will change significantly; (2) the simulated rate of annual mean subglacial meltwater recharge to groundwater is 4.58 mm, which accounts for 6.33% of total groundwater recharge; and (3) hydraulic conductivity has the largest influence on subglacial meltwater recharge to groundwater, followed by temperature and precipitation. Results of this study are also important to sustainable water resource usage in the Yangtze River source region.     

武汉东湖不同营养型子湖的水生生物与水域功能

于１９９１－１９９３年研究了武汉东湖４个营养型不同的子湖中水生生物与水域功能,表明各子湖之间各类水生生物的生态特征存在明显差异,茶港湾的ＨＢＣ和ＦＣ的数量,藻类的细胞密度和初级生产量,浮游动物和底栖动物的个体密度等均居４个子湖之首,其水质已达到了超富营养水平,将该湖区的作为污水天然净化区进行管理,可望对东湖的主体湖区起到缓冲和保护作用,郭郑湖的水质状况仅次于茶港湾湖区,处于富营养阶段,该湖区多项生     

Singularity-free expression of magnetic field of cuboid under undulating terrain

Most of the current computing methods used to determine the magnetic field of a uniformly magnetized cuboid assume that the observation point is located in the upper half space without a source. However, such methods may generate analytical singularities for conditions of undulating terrain. Based on basic geomagnetic field theories, in this study an improved magnetic field expression is derived using an integration method of variable substitution, and all singularity problems for the entire space without a source are discussed and solved. This integration process is simpler than that of previous methods, and final integral results with a more uniform form. ΔT at all points in the source-free space can be calculated without requiring coordinate transformation; thus forward modeling is also simplified. Corresponding model tests indicate that the new magnetic field expression is more correct because there is no analytical singularity and can be used with undulating terrain.     

A comparison of the effectiveness of the roots of two grass species in reducing soil erosion on alluvial fans in south-east China

The effects of root systems on soil detachment by overland flow are closely related to vegetation types. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of two gramineous roots (Paspalum mandiocanum with shallow roots and Pennisetum giganteum with deep roots) on soil detachment capacity, rill erodibility, and critical shear stress on alluvial fans of benggang in south-east China. A 4-m-long and 0.12-m-wide flume was used. Slope steepness ranged from 9% to 27%, and unit flow discharge ranged from 1.39 × 10⁻³ to 4.19 × 10⁻³ m² s⁻¹. The mean detachment capacities of P. mandiocanum and P. giganteum lands were 18% and 38% lower than that of bare land, respectively, and the effects of root on reducing soil detachment were mainly reflected in the 0- to 5-cm soil layer. The most important factors in characterizing soil detachment capacity were root length density and soil cohesion, and soil detachment capacity of the two grass lands could be estimated using flow shear stress, soil cohesion, and root length density (NSE = 0.90). With the increase in soil depth, rill erodibility increased, whereas shear stress decreased. The mean rill erodibilities of P. mandiocanum and P. giganteum lands were 81% and 61% as much as that of bare land, respectively. Additionally, rill erodibilities of the two grass lands could be estimated as an exponential function by root length density and soil cohesion (NSE = 0.88). The mean critical shear stress of P. mandiocanum and P. giganteum lands was 1.29 and 1.39 times that of bare land, respectively, and it could be estimated with a linear function by root length density (NSE = 0.76). This study demonstrated that planting of the two grasses P. mandiocanum and P. giganteum could effectively reduce soil detachment and enhance soil resistance to erosion on alluvial fans, with the deep roots of P. giganteum being more effective than the shallow roots of P. mandiocanum. The results are helpful for understanding the influencing mechanism of root systems on soil detachment process.