Changes in phytoplankton communities along nutrient gradients in Lake Taihu: evidence for nutrient reduction strategies

An annual investigation on phytoplankton communities was conducted to reveal the effects of nutrients on phytoplankton assemblages in Lake Taihu,East China. A total of 78 phytoplankton taxa were identified. Phytoplankton biomass was higher in the northern part of the lake than in the southern part. Cyanobacteria and Bacillariophyta alternated dominance in the northern area,where algal blooms often appear,and co-dominated in the southern area. In the northern part,the proportions of cyanobacteria and Bacillariophyta varied significantly in total biovolume,both along the phosphorus(P) gradient,and between total nitrogen levels(≤3 mg/L and 3 mg/L TN). The proportions of cyanobacteria and Bacillariophyta had no signif icant variations in total biovolume along P and N(nitrogen) gradients in the southern part. Correlation analysis and CCA results revealed that P was the key factor regulating phytoplankton community structure. Nitrogen was also important for the phytoplankton distribution pattern. It was concluded that nutrient structure was heterogeneous in space and shaped the distribution pattern of phytoplankton in the lake. Both exogenous P and internally sourced Prelease needs to be considered. N reduction should be considered simultaneously with P control to efficiently reduce eutrophication and algal blooms.     

辽东青城子白云金矿床成矿期构造特征分析

辽东青城子金矿集区位于华北克拉通北缘东段古元古代辽吉裂谷带内,是我国重要的金富集区之一。白云金矿床是青城子金矿集区中具有代表性的矿床,其储量大、开采浅,具有较大的找矿潜力。通过野外勘察、井下观察、资料收集及室内测试等方法,并采用野外情况与室内分析相结合、宏观与微观相结合的研究方法,对矿体的分布形态、围岩蚀变及成矿期的构造特征进行了研究。研究表明：该矿床主要发育于辽河群盖县组云母片岩、变粒岩中,为热液蚀变岩型金矿床,矿体主要受断裂构造控制,主体走向为EW向,向南中等-低角度倾斜,呈舒缓波状,具有尖灭再现等特点;矿体围岩蚀变发育并受断裂控制,主要为硅化、绢英岩化、石墨化、绿泥石化等;导矿和容矿构造主要为近EW向逆冲断裂及其派生的次级构造。通过对成矿期控矿断裂解析及Au品位分布特征,厘定其成矿期构造应力场为NW-SE方向挤压,矿体向SW侧伏。     

New insights into lake responses to rapid climate change: the Younger Dryas in Lake Gościąż, central Poland

The sediment profile from Lake Gościąż in central Poland comprises a continuous, seasonally resolved and exceptionally well-preserved archive of the Younger Dryas (YD) climate variation. This provides a unique opportunity for detailed investigation of lake system responses during periods of rapid climate cooling (YD onset) and warming (YD termination). The new varve record of Lake Gościąż presented here spans 1662 years from the late Allerød (AL) to the early Preboreal (PB). Microscopic varve counting provides an independent chronology with a YD duration of 1149+14/–22 years, which confirms previous results of 1140±40 years. We link stable oxygen isotopes and chironomid-based air temperature reconstructions with the response of various geochemical and varve microfacies proxies especially focusing on the onset and termination of the YD. Cooling at the YD onset lasted ~180 years, which is about a century longer than the terminal warming that was completed in ~70 years. During the AL/YD transition, environmental proxy data lagged the onset of cooling by ~90 years and revealed an increase of lake productivity and internal lake re-suspension as well as slightly higher detrital sediment input. In contrast, rapid warming and environmental changes during the YD/PB transition occurred simultaneously. However, initial changes such as declining diatom deposition and detrital input occurred already a few centuries before the rapid warming at the YD/PB transition. These environmental changes likely reflect a gradual increase in summer air temperatures already during the YD. Our data indicate complex and differing environmental responses to the major climate changes related to the YD, which involve different proxy sensitivities and threshold processes.     

Study on Shear Strength of Cement Face Between Rock and Concrete

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The samples of slightly weathered granite drilled before the construction of Runyang suspended bridge's north anchorage are used as the research object...     

Closed-Form Solution of Critical Inclination for Rock Slope with Weak Plane

Plane failure of rock slope is highly related to the inclination of the weak plane. The inclination of the weak plane is a general function of factors including: height of slope, factor of safety, horizontal coefficient of earthquake influence, inclination of slope, unit weight of rockmass, cohesion and friction angle on the plane. The closed-form solution of the critical inclination of the weak plane corresponding respectively is derived under two conditions (i.e., without earthquake and with earthquake), because the critical height of slope and the critical factor of safety are considered to and are easy to be adjusted in engineering practice. In the end, the relations between derived critical closed-form solution and each parameter are illustrated with an example.

     

Cerium and Ytrium in apatite as records of magmatic processes: Insight into fractional crystallization,magma mingling and fluid saturation

Apatite is a versatile mineral crystallizing at different stages of silicic magma evolution. Its composition may record that of magma, but could also be affected by interaction with fluids. The focus of this study is the well-recognized magma mingling process that was previously detected using plagioclase composition and in this study complementary record is sought in apatite. The apatite was analysed in two dioritic enclaves (primitive and hybrid) and host quartz monzonite, which is an igneous rock emplaced at ca. 340 Ma in mylonitized Góry Sowie gneisses (NE Bohemian Massif). The apatite was analysed in-situ by microprobe that allowed for chemical characterization of different apatite populations in quartz monzonite and analyses of thin acicular apatite in the enclaves. Apatite population in the quartz monzonite was chemically distinct from that in both enclave types and characterized by higher Y and lower Ce contents, such values are usually typical for peraluminous magmas. As such, the apatite transfer from felsic to mafic magma should be well recorded in apatite composition, which was not the case. Monzonite apatite composition was not commonly observed in the hybrid enclave despite massive plagioclase transfer and only rare resorbed cores with low Ce and Y contents were present. However, such low Ce and Y cores crystalized at the latest stage of apatite crystallization in the quartz monzonite, whereas the plagioclase transfer was an early episode. Therefore, we conclude that apatite transfer was limited during mingling and the apatite composition in the quartz monzonite is best explained by an early Cl-Ce-rich fluid removal and then fractional crystallization, while apatite in the primitive enclave is affected only by fractional crystallization. Altogether, Ce and Y composition of apatite is a valuable tool to record diverse magmatic processes such as fluid removal and precipitation from fluid in addition to fractionation of different REE phases and should be further explored.     

山东半岛全新世近岸泥质区沉积过程与沉积记录*

中国东部陆架边缘海发育多个全新世泥质区,是研究古海洋和古气候的理想区域。本研究从现代沉积过程和全新世沉积记录的视角,对山东半岛近岸泥质区的前人研究结果进行总结梳理,为后续相关研究提供参考。山东半岛近岸泥质区位于山东半岛沿岸,主要是来自黄河的沉积物在沿岸流、上升流、潮汐等相互作用下沉积而成,呈现独特的“Ω”形沉积模式。山东半岛近岸泥质区形成于全新世,物质来源主要是黄河,近岸侵蚀和当地小河流也贡献一定的物质来源。山东半岛近岸泥质区的形成和演化与古海洋条件、海平面升降、内陆古气候演变等多种因素有关,蕴藏着丰富的环境演化信息。山东半岛近岸泥质区沉积能够快速记录东亚季风的演变,其较高的沉积速率为研究黄河流域的古气候和古生态演化提供高分辨率的材料,可为预测未来全球变化背景下黄河流域的发展趋势提供参考。虽然前人对现代沉积过程进行了大量工作,但仍需加强现代观测和数值模拟等方面的工作,为更好地重建研究区的沉积动力过程提供数据和理论支撑。此外,该区在长时间尺度上的沉积物和有机质的沉积过程对古海洋和古气候的响应机制也亟待开展研究。     

甘肃省水资源利用上线分区管控体系初步研究

通过分析梳理近五年甘肃省及各市州水资源开发利用情况,依据甘肃省水资源禀赋、生活用水和生产用水需求等现状因素,并充分衔接水资源管理制度,初步确定全省用水总量、万元工业增加值用水量、农田灌溉有效利用系数等水资源开发利用管理要求,作为水资源利用上线管控目标;根据水资源评价结果,初步划定水资源重点管控区,提出了相应管控要求。     

Response of reinforced mortar-less interlocking brick wall under seismic loading

Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering - Mortar-less construction with interlocking bricks has many advantages, such as improved construction efficiency and relatively low requirements on labour...     

Patterns of cornulitid encrustation on the Late Devonian brachiopod shells from Russia

Upper Devonian brachiopods from the Central Devonian Field, Russia have been investigated with respect to encrustation patterns of cornulitids. These Palaeozoic encrusters were very characteristic component of shelly substrates during the Devonian and may serve as valuable objects for palaeoecological studies, especially those concerning the encrusters-host relationships. On the basis of rich material, it has been shown that cornulitid abundance significantly increased in the lower Famennian. Their disparity also increased from one morphotype (robust) present in the upper Frasnian to two distinct morphotypes (robust and slender, presumably representing two different species) in the lower Famennian. The analysis of the spatial occurrence of cornulitids on two dominant lower Famennian brachiopod species (Cyrtospirifer zadonicus and Ripidiorhynchus huotinus) showed, that these encrusters preferred the marginal parts of the shells. This, together with a dominant directional growth of cornulitids toward the commissure, indicates that cornulitids benefited from food brought by feeding currents produced by the brachiopod’s lophophore. The unequivocal evidence for syn vivo association of the cornulitids and their brachiopod hosts is the presence of distinct shell malformations caused by cornulitid growth affecting the host’s shell-secreting epithelium, preserved on some lower Famennian specimens. Interestingly, these malformations were caused by a slender cornulitid morphotype only. Thus, it is evident that during food gathering from the inhalant currents, this cornulitid species exerted a distinct, negative effect on the brachiopod – a deviation of its shell growth. In this case, we may consider this particular cornulitid species as ectoparasite rather than commensal with respect to its host.