鞍子河电站隧洞泥石流治理方法探讨与实践

通过隧洞泥石流成因及形成条件的探讨，采用了“封堵隔离、排水卸荷、注浆加固、超探预报”的综合治里方案，从治本入手，有效防止了泥石流的发生。     

Micro-properties of coal aggregates: Implications on hyperbaric filtration performance for coal dewatering

The recovery of ultrafine coal can be enhanced significantly by flocculating the particles prior to dewatering. It is thus crucial to be able to quantify the effects of aggregated particles on the separation efficiency, of which they are still not fully understood. This study focused on the relationship between the micro-properties (size, structure, and strength) of flocculated coal particles and the characteristics of filter cakes obtained through hyperbaric filtration. Tools such as small angle light scattering and confocal scanning laser microscopy were used to determine the aggregate structure. The comparative bond strength of aggregates generated under different flocculation conditions was measured through a non-dimensional approach. The effects of these properties on specific cake resistance, saturation, and moisture content, as indicative of the filtration performance, were observed. It was found that flocs generated using a moderate amount of flocculant dosage (60–100 g of polymer/tonne of coal) for this ultrafine coal (97% < 35 μm) optimised the properties of dewatered filter cakes. Although cakes composed of larger and stronger aggregates with more flocculant were found to have higher porosity, the effects on specific cake resistance and cake saturation were detrimental, possibly due to the increasing proportion of intra-aggregate pores that were harder to dewater. The trend was less noticeable at low filtration pressures where most of the dewatering occurred within the larger capillaries of the inter-aggregate zones. In addition, the presence of polymer molecules was responsible in absorbing residual moisture that could not be removed through mechanical means. Through a series of tests using pre-formed filter cakes, the amount of moisture retained by the flocculant was quantified to be approximately 10.2 mg of water for every addition of 1 g of polymer/tonne of coal, calculated per 100 g of filter cake produced from hyperbaric filtration in this case.     

基于监测数据的几种地铁施工变形预测方法

地铁工程施工引起的地表沉降常常危及周边建筑物或地下管线的安全,如何有效预测和控制地表沉降已成为工程中亟待解决的问题。论述了三种常用的变形预测方法——回归分析法、指数平滑法和灰色理论分析法,分别利用这三种方法对广州地铁土建工程盾构法施工、矿山法施工和明挖法施工引起的地表沉降进行了预测分析,并与工程实测监测数据进行了对比分析,论证了各种预测方法适用的施工工法、地质条件范围以及使用时应注意的问题。     

黄骅坳陷中区古近系东营组沉积特征及有利勘探区带预测*

综合岩心、钻井、地震等资料,运用层序地层学、现代沉积学的思路和方法,对黄骅坳陷中区古近系东营组的沉积体系特征进行了分析,指出东营组沉积时期处于盆地断—拗转化阶段,主要发育湖泊三角洲和湖泊体系,局部地区发育扇三角洲和浊积体系等。沉积体系的时空分布和演化特征受控于构造背景和层序结构样式的差异,表现为东三段层序（SQEd3）以低位域三角洲和范围扩大的高位域三角洲为主;东二段层序（SQEd2）、东一下段层序（SQEd1x）以板桥次凹等局部地区发育的低位域三角洲和普遍发育的高位域三角洲为主;东一上段层序（SQEd1s）低位域三角洲和高位域三角洲主要分布于歧南次凹和歧北次凹,总体形成了缓坡背景、断控斜坡背景和多级断阶背景下的3类沉积模式。基于上述研究,认为研究区发育5类有利圈闭区：坡折带附近的隐蔽圈闭区、越过凹陷中心的上超尖灭圈闭区、构造—岩性复合圈闭区、低位域和高位域浊积砂体形成的岩性圈闭区、下切谷充填岩性圈闭区,构成了6个有利的勘探区带,这对于指导研究区东营组的油气勘探具有重要意义。     

Hyperaccumulation of lead,zinc, and cadmium in plants growing on a lead/zinc outcrop in Yunnan Province,China

A field survey was conducted to identify potential hyperaccumulators of Pb, Zn or Cd in the Beichang Pb/Zn mine outcrop in Yunnan Province, China. The average total concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Cd in the soils were up to 28,438, 5,109, and 52 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. A total of 68 plant species belonging to 60 genera of 37 families naturally colonizing the outcrop were recorded. According to metal accumulation in the plants and translocation factor (TF), Silene viscidula was identified as potential hyperaccumulator of Pb, Zn, and Cd with mean shoot concentrations of 3,938 mg kg⁻¹ of Pb (TF = 1.2), 11,155 mg kg⁻¹ of Zn (TF = 1.8) and 236 mg kg⁻¹ of Cd (TF = 1.1), respectively; S. gracilicanlis (Pb 3,617 mg kg⁻¹, TF = 1.2) and Onosma paniculatum (Pb 1,837 mg kg⁻¹, TF = 1.9) were potential Pb hyperaccumulators. Potentilla griffithii (Zn 8,748 mg kg⁻¹, TF = 1.5) and Gentiana sp. (Zn 19,710 mg kg⁻¹, TF = 2.7) were potential Zn hyperaccumulators. Lysimachia deltoides (Cd 212 mg kg⁻¹, TF = 3.2) was a potential Cd hyperaccumulator. These new plant resources could be used to explore the mechanisms of Pb, Zn and/or Cd hyperaccumulation, and the findings could be applied for the phytoremediation of Pb, Zn and/or Cd-contaminated soils.     

Stable carbon isotopic fractionation of individual n-alkanes accompanying primary migration: Evidence from hydrocarbon generation–expulsion simulations of selected terrestrial source rocks

The effect of isotopic fractionation during primary migration of hydrocarbons from coals is rarely noticed because it overlaps with the isotopic effects of maturation. In this research, geological chromatography-like effects and possible physical isotopic fractionation effects on n-alkanes during primary migration from four coals and one mudstone were studied through two types of generation–expulsion simulations (generation–expulsion simulations I and II). In order to monitor the kinetic isotopic fractionation effect during primary migration and to differentiate the isotopic effects of primary migration from the isotopic effects of maturation, generation–expulsion simulation was upgraded in two aspects, source rock was separated into at least five layers, and deuterated n-C₁₅D₃₂ was added to the initial layer of the source rock (simulation II). The experimental results suggested that all terrestrial source rocks exhibit significant geological chromatography-like effects in generation–expulsion simulation. Expulsion efficiencies shown by vitrinite-rich coals are much lower than algal cannel, fusinite-rich coal and mudstone. There also exist significant physical isotopic fractionation effects in hydrocarbon primary migration processes from vitrinite-rich coals, but there is no significant isotopic fractionation effect from fusinite-rich brown coal and mudstone. Pore structure and specific surface area of source rock samples were measured by gas adsorption of both N₂ and CO₂. This indicated that vitrinite-rich coals have a higher proportion of microporosity. The differences in pore structure and adsorptive capacity of source rocks may be responsible for differences in expulsion efficiencies and isotopic fractionation effects in generation–expulsion simulations. The isotopic fractionation effect due to primary migration should be considered in making oil-source correlation when vitrinite-rich coals are concerned.     

Laboratory investigation on strengthening behavior of frozen China standard sand

Acta Geotechnica - In this paper, a series of triaxial cyclic loading–unloading (L–U-C), triaxial cyclic loading–unloading–holding (L–U–H-C) and triaxial cyclic...     

Risk assessment of snowmelt-induced landslides based on GIS and an effective snowmelt model

Natural Hazards - In early 2008, southern China experienced a severe freezing snow event, causing many geological disasters (such as landslides). Based on combining the infinite slope model and the...     

CuNi-VTiFe复合型矿化镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体岩相学及岩石地球化学特征:以新疆北部为例

铜镍硫化物矿床和钒钛磁铁矿矿床是镁铁-超镁铁杂岩重要的矿床类型,但二者共生的情况在国内还不多见。新疆北部这类铜镍-钒钛铁复合型矿化岩体较为发育,目前已发现有香山、牛毛泉、土墩南和哈拉达拉等4个岩体属于此类。它们的成岩时代多集中在早二叠世,出露面积在2.8～22km~2,介于通道型铜镍矿化小岩体和大型层状岩体之间,韵律构造发育;岩石组合为超基性-基性-中性岩类,以出现浅色的闪长岩或淡色辉长岩为特点,岩石中金属矿物氧化物(钛铁矿、磁铁矿)和硫化物(黄铁矿、磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿,有时有镍黄铁矿)共存和共生;含矿岩石组合和岩石化学特征与典型铜镍硫化物矿床和钒钛磁铁矿矿床相比,具有重叠和过渡特征;稀土和微量元素特征反映出杂岩体不同岩石类型可能具有相同或相似岩浆来源,是经过强烈分异和演化的产物。新疆北部这类复合型矿化,与北疆地区典型铜镍矿床和典型钒钛磁铁矿矿床,共同构成了新疆北部后碰撞幔源岩浆矿床成矿谱系。