Molybdenum Mass Fractions and Isotopic Compositions of International Geological Reference Materials

The double‐spike method with multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry was used to measure the Mo mass fractions and isotopic compositions of a set of geological reference materials including the mineral molybdenite, seawater, coral, as well as igneous and sedimentary rocks. The long‐term reproducibility of the Mo isotopic measurements, based on two‐year analyses of NIST SRM 3134 reference solutions and seawater samples, was ≤ 0.07‰ (two standard deviations, 2s, n = 167) for δ^98/95Mo. Accuracy was evaluated by analyses of Atlantic seawater, which yielded a mean δ^98/95Mo of 2.03 ± 0.06‰ (2s, n = 30, relative to NIST SRM 3134 = 0‰) and mass fraction of 0.0104 ± 0.0006 μg g^?1 (2s, n = 30), which is indistinguishable from seawater samples taken world‐wide and measured in other laboratories. The comprehensive data set presented in this study serves as a reference for quality assurance and interlaboratory comparison of high‐precision Mo mass fractions and isotopic compositions.     

新疆吉木乃县塔斯特金矿成因探讨

塔斯特金矿床为一破碎带蚀变岩型金矿。通过稳定同位素、包裹体、成矿元素及成矿物理化学条件的研究,提出该矿的成矿溶液是岩浆水和大气降水之混合物。成矿元素主要来自深源侵入的二长花岗岩。成矿温度为中偏高温。成矿溶液为高盐度、高密度和高挥发份条件。为深源岩浆侵入的花岗岩中破碎蚀变岩型金矿。     

鲁西隆起区奥陶系碳酸盐岩成岩作用及其对储集性的控制作用

以鲁西隆起区奥陶系碳酸盐岩沉积旋回与不整合面分析为基础, 应用薄片、铸体和阴极发光等室内分析技术, 对其成岩作用、成岩序列、孔隙演化及其特征进行了详细研究。研究区的成岩作用分为两类: 建设性成岩作用和破坏性成岩作用, 前者包括白云石化、压溶、去石膏化、溶蚀和破裂等作用; 后者以重结晶、胶结、压实、硅化和充填作用为主。奥陶系碳酸盐岩经历了多期次和多种类型的成岩作用演化, 与马家沟组相比, 三山子组多经历了一次其沉积后的短期表生和随后的埋藏作用。三山子组白云岩、马家沟组东黄山段、土峪段和阁庄段粉细晶白云岩以及八陡段不整合面以下的溶蚀角砾岩段发育次生孔洞缝系统, 是较为有利的储集层段。     

Benthic nutrient fluxes in the intertidal flat within the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary

In an annual cycle from March 2005 to February 2006, benthic nutrient fluxes were measured monthly in the Dongtan intertidal flat within the Changjiang （Yangtze River） Estuary. Except for NH4^＋, there always showed high fluxes from overlying water into sediment for other four nutrients. Sediments in the high and middle marshes, covered with halophyte and consisting of macrofauna, demonstrated more capabilities of assimilating nutrients from overlying water than the low marsh. Sampling seasons and nutrient concentrations in the overlying water could both exert significant effects on these fluxes. Additionally, according to the model provided by previous study, denitrification rates, that utilizing NO3- transported from overlying water （Dw） in Dongtan sediments, were estimated to be from -16 to 193 μmol·h^-1·m^-2 with an average value of 63 μmol·h^-1·m^-2 （n=18）. These estimated values are still underestimates of the in-situ rates owing to the lack of consideration of DN, i.e., denitrification supported by the local NO3^- production via nitrification.     

An approach to determining the thicknesses of shear bands with an echelon‐crack structure

In this paper, the internal structure of shear band is investigated, and a model of the shear band with an echelon crack structure is developed. The model assumes the shear band to be composed of two conjugate sets of echelon cracks, such that the smaller echelon cracks are embedded in the space of the larger ones. The additional strain induced by the echelon cracks and the anisotropic development of the compliance tensor in the shear band zone are analyzed. The critical crack density at the onset of shear band is obtained by applying the bifurcation condition. Deviating from previous approaches, the new procedure evaluates the thickness of shear band based on the geometrical characteristics of echelon crack arrays and the failure probability of grain boundaries in the longitudinal direction at the onset of shear band. Parametric analysis shows that grain size, internal friction angle, dilation angle, and failure probability of grain boundaries are the dominant factors that account for the shear band thickness. The calculated results are consistent with the experimental data available in the literature. The model soundly explains that the measurements of the shear band thickness are generally scattered, ranging from 4 to 30 (or even more) times the grain size. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Geothermal potential evaluation and development prioritization based on geochemistry of geothermal waters from Kangding area,western Sichuan,China

Kangding geothermal area is located in the western Sichuan, belonging to southeastern margin of Tibetan Plateau. Similar to world-renowned south Tibetan and western Yunnan geothermal belt, western Sichuan has intensive surface thermal manifestations including boiling and hot springs. The emerging temperature of thermal waters ranges from 47 to 79 °C with total dissolved solids lying between 899 and 2550 mg/L. δ²H–δ¹⁸O isotopes indicate a meteoric source for the thermal waters and a significant positive oxygen-18 shift in the southern region. It is suggested that southern thermal waters experienced stronger water–rock interaction and are closer to thermodynamic equilibrium, which is also proved by the water type classification. The reservoir temperature calculated by empirical and theoretical chemical thermometry is 180–225 °C for the north and 225–310 °C for the south. Evidences of hydrogeochemistry, stable isotopes, geothermometry and radiocarbon dating indicate that southern region of Kangding area shows greater geothermal potential than the northern region. In addition, based on the hydrogeochemical modeling of mineral saturation, underlying problem of scaling is likely to occur in the study area. According to the results of reservoir temperature, south Kangding sub-district has greater potential in geothermal power generation and development than northern Kangding. Therefore, further exploration and drilling work should give priority to the south Kangding area.     

粤北下庄矿田太平庵地区闪长玢岩的发现及其年代学特征

粤北下庄矿田是我国南方重要的花岗岩型铀矿产地,矿田内部基性岩脉与铀矿成矿具有密切关系,侵位于产铀岩体-下庄岩体。野外地质接触关系表明,下庄岩体侵位较早,晚期NNE向岩脉在下庄岩体内部侵位,两者呈侵入接触关系。通过对太平庵地区岩脉的野外地质特征和岩石薄片镜下特征,认为岩脉多具杏仁构造,为斑状结构,斑晶主要为角闪石和斜长石,定名为闪长玢岩。本次研究团队通过锆石U-Pb年代学测试表明下庄岩体侵位时间为245Ma,矿田内部近EW向分布的五组辉绿岩脉侵位时间为193±4Ma(王连训等,2011),本人结合NNE向岩脉的锆石CL图像、U-Pb年龄分析了岩脉的年代学特征,认为样品的206Pb/238U年龄介于231～253 Ma之间(MSWD=0.77),加权平均结果为242±2Ma (MSWD=8.9),代表了太平庵地区NNE向中性岩脉闪长玢岩的侵位结晶年龄。     

游离氧化铁形态转化对红粘土工程性质的影响

本文通过模拟环境中的有机质使游离氧化铁形态转化对典型红粘土工程性质的影响试验,系统地测试了游离氧化铁的形态分布与物性指标的关系。试验结果表明,在渍水条件下,游离氧化铁的形态转化对红粘土性质的影响不显著,但在渗水条件下,由于游离氧化铁的流失使得胶结作用减弱,它对红粘土工程性质的影响逐渐明显,其潜在的危害仍然是不容忽视的。     

塔里木盆地孔雀河地区复合含油气系统与有利勘探方向

运用叠合盆地复合含油气系统的描述方法和评价思路,分析了塔里木盆地孔雀河地区含油气系统复合特征,再现从源岩到圈闭的油气地质演化过程。孔雀河地区含油气系统以断裂复合贯通为主,同时存在不整合面复合贯通,构成寒武系C—(!)—下奥陶统O1(!)—石炭系C(*)—三叠系T(*)—侏罗系J(*)+寒武系—C(!)—下奥陶统O1(*)—志留系S(*)—泥盆系D(*)—侏罗系J(*)改造型复合含油气系统(*)。含油气系统的复合经历3个关键时刻:泥盆纪末是构造格局与古油藏形成期,侏罗纪末和白垩纪末是油气转化、重新分配与油藏调整期。研究区可分为破坏散失区、改造调整区、深埋保存区,其中改造调整区、深埋保存区为有利油气聚集区,处在改造调整区的龙口背斜和维马克—开屏背斜的上古生界和中生界的断背斜圈闭以及下古生界残留古断背斜圈闭是最佳勘探目标。