INTERPRETATION OF COPPER AND ZINC CONTAMINATION IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT OF PENINSULAR MALAYSIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO A POLLUTED RIVER, SEPANG RIVER

Three different aquatic ecosystems(an urban pond,Kelana Jaya Pond;a polluted river,Sepang River;and the intertidal and offshore areas of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia)with different sets of ecological backgrounds and human activities were reviewed and assessed for the levels of Cu and Zn contamination with special reference to those found in polluted sediments collected from the Sepang River.The discussion on the contamination levels of Cu and Zn in the aquatic environment of Peninsular Malaysia was based on a comparison of the metal contamination of 4 kinds of aquatic environments.The comparison of 4 different areas was based on ① total concentrations of 2 metals;② the concentrations and percentages of the nonresistant(EFLE,acid-reducible and oxidisable-organic)and resistant geochemical fractions;and ③ correlation coefficients(R-values)based on data of 4 areas separately and a combination of 4 areas.The Sepang River recorded nonresistant fractions of 63.1% for Zn and 55.8% for Cu in addition to slightly lower metal concentrations when compared to those(60%-70%)reported before the shutting down of the piggery activities in that area.These nonresistant metal percentages(55%-63%)indicated that the metal concentrations were still dominated by anthropogenic sources since nonresistant fraction of metals were mostly contributed by anthropogenic sources.The positive results from the four different aquatic environments assessed here provided strong evidence to show that Malaysia's aquatic environment had received anthropogenic Cu and Zn.The present study also showed that the percentage of the nonresistant fraction and the R-values based on correlation analysis of Cu and Zn could be used as indicators of Cu and Zn pollution in the Malaysian aquatic ecosystem.Based on the present data,the correlation coefficients(R-values)are potential indicators of EFLE Cu and acid-reducible Cu of the sediments.The use of R-values as indicators of metal pollution is suggested and it is applicable to other heavy metal data although it should be improved in future studies.     

观测井中氦含量异常与地震关系的研究

阐述了黑龙江省林甸观测井、山东省聊城聊古一井和云南省开远观测井观测到的氦含量变化与周围发生的中强地震的关系.由于氦的物理化学的特性,它在地震前能灵敏地反映出地震的前兆变化,氦的异常幅度与震级成正相关,与震中距成负相关,异常一般都是在地震前15～30 d左右.根据观测井所处的构造条件和氦来源深度的不同,观测到氦含量的异常变化不一致性,有正异常,也有负异常变化,这与孕震应力场作用导致气体来源途径的不同有关.地热异常区的高温井逸出气和逸出气中以天然气为主的观测井氦气测值高,低温井逸出气的氦气测值低.人可明显感觉到有气体流出的观测井,其交换速度快,氦气异常呈现出突变型特征;而低温静水位观测井,其气体流量小的观测井,交换速度慢,其氦气异常呈现出缓变型的特征.     

Provenance of Sediments Filling a Paleo-Channel that Formed on the Western Yellow Sea Continental Shelf During the Last Glacial Period

Several buried paleo-channels are located on the continental shelf of the western Yellow Sea. Research on the paleochannels is significant for both theoretical studies and practical applications. In this paper, we analyse and discuss the mineralogy of sediments in a core (SYS-0803) recovered from a buried paleo-channel on the continental shelf of the western Yellow Sea. The aim is to determine the provenance of sediments that fill the paleo-channel. The heavy mineral assemblage of sediments in the core consists of schistose minerals, common hornblende, epidote, and ilmenite. The light mineral assemblage consists of plagioclase, quartz, lithic fragments, and K-feldspar. Analysis of the compositional maturity of the sand fraction revealed a quartz/feldspar ratio of < 1. A relatively high percentage of smectite is recorded throughout the entire paleo-channel fill, with the greatest percentage in the middle to lower parts. The detrital mineral assemblage and clay mineral content indicate that the paleo-channel sediments were sourced mainly from the Huanghe River during the last glacial period.     

Assessing the effectiveness of nanoscale zero-valent iron particles produced by green tea for Cr(VI)-contaminated groundwater remediation

Nanoscale zero-valent iron particles(NZVI) produced by using green tea(GT) extract as a reductant can remove Cr(Ⅵ) from water effectively,which can be utilized in groundwater remediation.In order to define the reaction mechanism and removal effect in the aquifer,in this study,GT-NZVI particles were prepared and measured by some characterization methods to define their surface performance,and then batch and one-dimensional experiments were carried out to reveal the reaction properties of GT-NZVI ...     

Genetic diversity and population structure of the golden cuttlefish,Sepia esculenta (Cephalopoda: Sepiidae) indicated by microsatellite DNA variations

The golden cuttlefish, Sepia esculenta Hoyle, 1885 (Cephalopoda: Sepiidae) is a valuable and important fishery resource for China, Japan and Korea. This fishery has experienced severe population decline largely due to overexploitation in past decades. To provide guidelines for fisheries management, we estimated genetic diversity and population structure across four locations along the coast of Japan and one location in China (a total 281 individuals) using nine microsatellite DNA loci. Sepia esculenta showed high genetic variability with mean allele richness ranging from 15.8 to 21.4, and mean heterozygosity from 0.80 to 0.90. Weak but significant genetic differentiation was present and the F_ST value was 0.020 across all five populations. The useful information obtained in this study will offer insights into how to fine‐tune conservation and fishery management measures for this species and resource in the future.     

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五种经济海水鱼类的染色体研究

采用PHA体内注射──空气干燥制片法初步研究了5种海水鱼类的染色体。核型公式分别为鲻鱼、鲈鱼和黄姑鱼2n＝48t，NF＝48，其中鲻鱼的t1染色体、鲈鱼的t12染色体及黄姑鱼的t3染色体均为具明显次缢痕染色体，矛尾复虎鱼2n＝44，2m＋42st、t，NF＝46，其t18染色体为具次缢痕染色体；绿鳍马面2n＝40t，NF＝40，其中t14染色体具次缢痕。     

青岛近海魁蚶群体等位基因酶遗传变异研究

采用淀粉凝胶电泳技术研究了青岛近海魁蚶自然群体的等位基因酶遗传变异。在十种等位基因酶中共检测到了二十二个基因座位，多态位点比例为45．5％，位点有效等位基因数分布从1．000～2．469（平均值1．415），位点杂合度观察值分布为0．000～0．595（平均杂合度0．105±0．023），在六个基因座位上存在相当明显的杂合子缺失现象。文中讨论了杂合子缺失的原因。     

新疆地区的"中世纪温暖期"——古尔班通古特沙漠四厂湖古环境的再研究

文章依据新疆天山北麓古尔班通古特沙漠东南缘的四厂湖人工剖面进行的孢粉分析、平均粒径、磁化率以及烧失量测定结果,揭示了四厂湖地区最近1000年以来的古环境特征。研究结果表明,在与被称之为"中世纪温暖期(900-1300A.D.)"相当的时段内,淡水的四厂湖湖体周边地区曾经生长着由中旱生的灌木及草本组成的荒漠草原植被,并分布有淡水沼泽隐域植被。当时气候湿润,湖区生物物种多样性增加。结合新疆其他地区的第四纪研究成果,反映出该时期新疆地区气候湿润、湖沼发育、植被生长旺盛,因此本区在中世纪时气候应称之为湿润期或适宜期。而中世纪前后,该区以旱生、超旱生植物花粉占绝对优势,湖区植物种类减少,风沙作用较强,荒漠化景观显著。     

近30年来降水量变化和人类活动对北京潮白河冲洪积扇地下水动态的影响

对北京潮白河冲洪积扇分布区30年来降水量、地表径流量、地下水水位和地下水储存量进行了时间序列分析。结果表明: 过去30年中,区域地下水动态发生了明显变化,特点是1998年以来,地下水位和地下水储存量迅速下降与减少。1998年以来,年降水量为以往多年平均值的76％左右。在储存量变化的影响因素中,降水量减少导致的补给量减少约占24％,人类活动,如工农业地下水开采、应急水源地地下水开采和地表水体入渗减少等因素约占76％。由于未来气候变化的不确定性,在南水北调的水进京后仍可能出现连续枯水年,因此,以丰水年降水进行水源涵养存在较大风险。对于已经处于严重超采状况的潮白河冲洪积扇来说,为了满足未来供水的需要,应急水源地从现在起应减少开采量或停采以逐步恢复地下水储存量。