1991-2011年东海黑潮PN断面流结构与季节变化分析

基于日本海洋信息中心提供的东海黑潮PN断面CTD资料,本文采用动力高度法计算了1991-2011年间90个航次的断面流速,并对流场结构、最大流速、流幅和流量进行了统计分析。结果表明:东海黑潮PN断面流场存在单核、双核、多核3种结构;其中单核结构出现的概率为50%,双核结构为39%,多核结构为11%。东海黑潮的流结构存在显著的季节变化:秋季多核结构所占的比重为4个季节最大,平均流核数最多;冬季主要为单核结构,平均流核数最少;夏季和春季则没有明显的倾向性,单核、双核、多核3种结构出现概率相近,平均流核数介于秋季和冬季之间。其次东海黑潮的流量也存在显著的季节变化:冬季与夏季最强,秋季最小,春季居中。最后东海黑潮的最大流速和流幅也存在季节变化:夏季最大,秋季最小,春季和冬季居中。     

Co-benefits of local air pollutants and greenhouse gas reduction achieved by hydropower development in Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region,China

Hydropower development in Xizang (Tibet) Autonomous Region plays a vital role in co-control of local air pollutants and greenhouse gas (GHG) in China. According to emission factors of local air pollutants and GHG of coal-fired power industry in different hydropower service regions, we estimate the effect and synergy of local air pollutants and GHG reduction achieved by hydropower development in Tibet, examine the main factors constraining the effect and synergy, using correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results show that: 1) During the period from 2006 to 2012, the effect of local air pollutants and GHG reduction achieved by hydropower development in Tibet decreased as a whole, while the synergy increased first and decreased afterwards. 2) The effect and synergy of local air pollutants and GHG reduction achieved by hydropower development in Tibet vary significantly across different hydropower service regions. The effect based on emission levels of Central China power grid (CCPG) and Northwest China power grid (NCPG) was more significant than that based on emission level of national power grid (NPG) from 2006 to 2012, and the synergy based on emission levels of CCPG and NCPG was also more significant than that based on emission level of NPG from 2010 to 2012. 3) The main factors constraining the effect and synergy based on emission levels of NCPG and CCPG included SO₂ removal rate and NO _x removal rate, the effect and synergy based on emission level of NPG was mainly influenced by net coal consumption rate. 4) Transferring hydropower from Tibet to NCPG and CCPG, and substituting local coal-fired power with hydropower can greatly help to co-control local air pollutants and GHG, transform the emission reduction pattern of the power industry and optimize energy structure.     

Book review

正Human geography does matter!It is about the quality of our life because it contributes to spatial organization of society,regional and urban planning,social justice,improved accessibility to different places and public services.Human geography is closely connected with     

鄱阳湖流域洪水变化特征及气候影响研究

为探讨鄱阳湖流域洪水过程的变化特征和规律,系统分析流域洪水量级、频率、发生时间的变化特征,利用核密度估计分析洪水发生率的非平稳性,运用月频率法评价洪水集聚性特征,并探讨低频气候因子对洪水变化的影响。研究表明：① 鄱阳湖流域各水文站点年、秋季和冬季最大洪水及POT超阈值洪水以增加趋势为主。② 洪水发生率年内集聚性显著,主要集中在4~7月;年际洪水发生次数呈现非平稳泊松分布,洪水发生率出现明显的年际集聚性特征。③ ENSO、IOD对下年洪水量级及洪水发生次数有明显影响,洪水发生次数与年最大洪水量级异常现象通常是ENSO和IOD协同作用结果。     

渤海及北黄海潮流场的基本特征

文中根据潮流场永久预报方法所提供的渤海、北黄海的Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型潮流场永久预报图,分析讨论了本海区潮流场的基本特征。文中对本海区半日潮、全日潮同时存在时的混合流场的基本特征进行了较详细的分析讨论。观测资料业已表明,在本海区的强流区中,易发生流速高达5kn以上、持续时间仅为几分钟或十几分钟这样短暂的潮急流。     

埕岛油田海域波—底相互作用

基于1976，1993年埕岛油田海域测深资料，应用HISWA浅水海浪数值计算模式，研究风暴浪入侵该海域导致的波-底相互作用后果。数值计算结果表明，海区固定点海底冲刷导致波场强化；波参数增量与冲刷深度有关；海底水质点轨道流速峰值，底摩擦耗散峰值及临界波高值相对水深分布均表明，该海域深水区海底冲刷将减弱，浅水区海底冲刷将加强。     

热带气旋进入北部湾后强度突变的天气气候特征分析

本文按近海热带气旋强度突变的标准，对１９７０～１９９０年进入北部湾后强度发生突变的热带气旋进行分类统计，发现有如下的气候特征：每年平均有３２个热带气旋进入北部湾，其中强度变化不大的占总数的５２％；强度突然减弱的占总数的４２％；强度突然增强的占总数的６％。强度变化不大和强度突然减弱的发生在５～１１月，强度突然增强的发生在８～９月。本文对进入北部湾的热带气旋强度增强的天气类型进行分类，归纳起来分为四种天气类型：副热带高压型；赤道辐合带型；季风低槽型和锋面低槽型，这些结果将对天气预报有很大的帮助     

皱纹盘鲍育苗期间稚鲍电剥离技术的应用研究

水温 2 0℃条件下 ,选用 6种方式进行稚鲍剥离对比实验。电剥离方式在剥离效率、稚鲍存活率 (长、短期 )及生长速度方面均具有明显的优势 ;混合气体处理与升温刺激的剥离效果最差 ,其余 3种方式 (酒精、氨基甲酸乙酯、乙基氨基香酸麻醉 )没有显著差异。对不同规格稚鲍剥离实验结果表明 ,8mm以下稚鲍选用高强度电剥离 ( 0 .5～ 0 .7V/ cm)方式为最佳 ;8～ 10 mm稚鲍选用中强度 ( 0 .3～ 0 .4 V/ cm) ;12 mm以上稚鲍可使用低强度电剥离 ( 0 .1～ 0 .2 V/ cm)方式。     

Application of RAPD technology for identification in three different stocks of Penaeus chinensis

INTRODUCTIONPenaeuschinensishasbecomeoneoftheprimaryspeciesforaquacultureinChina .How ever ,viralandbacterialdiseaseproblemshaveplaguedtheshrimpaquacultureindustryserious lyinChinasince 1 993.Ithasbeenindicatedthatthereducedgrowthperformanceandthein creasedsusceptibilitytodiseasescouldbearesultoflowlevelsofgeneticvariablities (Carretal .,1 994 ) .InordertosupporttheaquacultureindustryoftheUnitedStates,theUSMarineShrimpFarmaringProgramConsortiumhasdevelopedvariousdisease free populati…     

北京地区百花山、东灵山表土花粉的特征分析

本文分析了北京地区百花山、东灵山两个垂直带谱不同植被类型的表土花粉，通过表土花粉百分比和浓度图式分析，结合垂直带谱的植被特征，初步回答了某些植物科属表土花粉与其植被的特征关系，并试图结合植物科属花粉产量的特征、散布能力、保存条件及地形特征对表土花粉中一些植物科属的代表性作了探讨，从而为依据化石孢粉恢复北京地区乃至华北地区的历史植被和环境提供了重要参考资料。