Tectonic setting of volcanic rocks in the Akara Au mine, north-central Thailand using petrochemical and stratigraphic investigations

Akara gold mine in north-central Thailand is situated within the Loei-Phetchabun-Nakhon Nayok volcanic belt. The roughly north-south trending, Permo-Triassic volcanic rocks earlier mapped by Thailand Department of Mineral Resources were re-mapped and samples were collected from the main active open pit. Forty-four samples were petrographi-cally classified and geochemically analyzed to docu-ment their stratigraphy. Two types of volcanic rocks are recognized, namely coherent and non-coherent units, in which the former is older on the basis of stratigraphic succession. Several lines of evidence suggest that the studied rocks occurred nearby the volcanic edifices and were dominated by debris flows of submarine environment.     

TRMM/PR资料在中尺度模式中的应用

将中尺度非静力模式MM5中的积云参数化Grell方案作了改进,使它含液态水含量,并用该模式对1998年6月29日08：00～30日08：00(北京时,下同)和7月1日08：00～2日08：00发生在淮河流域的两次特大暴雨进行数值模拟研究,同时通过采用不同高度上的Z—qr关系式将TRMM／PR(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission／Precipitation Radar)雷达得到的反射率资料计算出比含水量qr,然后用qv=qv qr取代原模式中的比湿qv。结果表明,将TRMM／PR雷达资料加入模式后,由于PR雷达具有较高的空问分辨率,能够很好地反映中小尺度系统的空间结构,使湿度值接近实际,缩短了中尺度系统的发展时间,使得模拟出来的降雨强度、雨量中心位置以及雨带形状更接近实况。     

The countermeasures against coastal hazards in Japan

The total length of Japanese coastline is about 34,500 km. Most of the coastal lowlands are now so intensively used that a large proportion of the Japanese coast has been artificially modified. Therefore, coastal countermeasures against several kinds of natural and man-induced hazards are the serious problems for Japanese. When we go down to the beaches, there are many kinds of armor blocks, breakwaters and dykes for the shore protection. Among the Japanese coastline, 15,900 km needs some protection of which 9,400 km was protected with some kinds of artificial structures in 1992. It is probable that no nation has used armor blocks so extensively as Japan.     

Detection and hydrologic modeling of aquifers in unconsolidated alluvial plains through combination of borehole data sets: a case study of the Arao area, Southwest Japan

In addition to spatial distribution of groundwater-flow parameters, aquifer properties of location and shape are also significant for assessing groundwater resources because they strongly affect water flow. We present a selection of geologic data suitable for aquifer analysis, a mathematical method of processing them, and a combination of several maps produced by it. The data used in the analysis are typically obtained by borehole investigation. Our targets are the areas underlain by geologic bodies with different ages and lithologies; the spatial correlation structures of geologic data over the areas tend to change locally. The processing method should be a versatile one that is applicable to areas where geostatistical stationarity is not satisfied. The aquifer analysis consistent with that requirement consists of two steps: the first is the transformation of screen locations, locations of sand and gravel layers, and resistivity by electric logging into indicator values, and the second is three-dimensional interpolation of these using the optimization principle method to produce three kinds of distribution models. A stochastic simulation is also used for modeling the resistivity distribution. The three distribution models are integrated to generate a value for evaluating the possibility of aquifer existence. A case study of an alluvial coastal plain, situated in southwest Japan, describes an aquifer model that contains three permeable layers. Each layer has about 10-m thickness and is lens shaped. To confirm the validity of the model, we have drilled two wells that reached one of the middle and bottom permeable layers, observing the water level change. Low correlation of the temporal changes of levels between the wells indicates that the two layers are hydrologically independent of each other. Additionally, groundwater-flow patterns have been estimated by transforming the simulation model parameter into hydraulic conductivity through a simple function and using a finite difference method for flow analysis. The procedure proposed by this study can be applied to other areas by changing the weights assigned to each geologic and geotechnical factor in the generation of the coefficient for aquifer existence, considering the reliability of each factor and hydrologic properties of study area.     

A Study Of The Atmospheric Boundary Layer Using Radon And Air Pollutants As Tracers

Concentrations of radon ²²²Rn andair pollutants, meteorological parametersnear the surface and vertical profiles of meteorological elements were measured atUchio (Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture, Japan) 12 km north from the coast ofthe Inland Sea of Japan. In the nighttime, the ²²²Rn concentration increased in the case of weak winds, but did not increase as much in the case of moderate or strong winds, as had been expected. In the daytime, the ²²²Rn concentrationheld at a slightly higher than average level for the period from sunrise to about 1100 JST. It is considered that this phenomenon is due to a period of morning calm, that is, a transition period from land breeze to sea breeze.NO, which is sensitive to traffic volume,brought information concerning advection.Oxidant concentrations,which reflect the availability of sunlight,acted in the reverse manner to ²²²Rnconcentrations. Thus, a set of ²²²Rn and air pollutants could provide useful information regarding the local conditions of the atmospheric boundary layer.     

Petrology of the Hegenshan ophiolite and its implication for the tectonic evolution of northern China

Petrographic observations, and mineralogical and geochemical analyses, have revealed that the Hegenshan ophiolite is of mid-ocean ridge origin and has been subjected to dynamothermal metamorphism at medium P/T conditions. The metamorphism is characterized by a prograde change in paragenesis from the greenschist to epidote-amphibolite facies, with peak temperature conditions of 570-640°C at pressures of 4-10 kbar. The amphiboles formed by this metamorphism show K-Ar ages of 110-130 Ma. The metamorphic conditions and K-Ar ages suggest that the Hegenshan ophiolite is located at the suture between the Siberian and North China continental blocks, where the continental collision in this area took place in middle Mesozoic time. Given the temporal and spatial distribution of the igneous activity around the Da Hinggan Ling Mountains, it is suggested that the extensive Yanshanian magmatism in this region resulted predominantly from a southward subduction of an oceanic plate prior to collision. Alternatively, it may possibly have resulted from the collision itself, at the final stage.     

Management and application of Geotechnical Data: The Geotechnical Data Information System of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government

In the Tokyo metropolis many geological surveys are carried out in conjunction with building construction work and urban base improvement undertakings. Furthermore, the Institute of Civil Engineering (ICE) of the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) has been conducting surveys on urban geology, land subsidence, and geodetics. Thus, ICE of TMG keeps a lot of geological data. In order to plan for a more effective use of these data, the Geotechnical Data Information System of Tokyo Metropolitan Government was organized in 1985, and since 1986, it has become fully implemented.This Geotechnical Data Information System has incorporated a relational data base into a mainframe computer, the NEC ACOS System 430, and as of March 1989 it can retrieve and graphically present borehole, deep-well, and groundwater data.The authors wish to introduce in this article the organizational structure of the Geotechnical Data Information System of TMG, a summary of the data base system, standards of input data, and applicable examples of the data base.     

Synthesis and crystal structure of a triple chain silicate,Na2Mg4Si6O16(OH)2

In the system Na₂CO₃-MgO-SiO₂-H₂O a new sodium magnesium silicate was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions; 450–600 ° C and 300–1000 Kg/cm₂. The structure of the specimen was determined by X-ray powder methods, and its properties were studied by chemical, infrared and TG analyses. The specimen has a triple chain structure (space group, C2/c) with the ideal chemical composition, 4 (Na₂Mg₄Si₆O₁₆(OH)₂) and lattice parameters, a= 10.152(2), b=27.137(4), c=5.276(1) Å, and = 106.97(3) °.The essential feature of the structure is shown by the presence of SiO₄ tetrahedra linked to form chains which have three times the width of those in pyroxene. These triple chains have a periodicity, 5.27 Å, along their lengths, and are bonded to each other laterally by the brucite layer made up by eight Mg cations and sandwiched between two inward pointing bands of tetrahedra. These units are linked back to back by cations (Mg or Na) in the Na(2) site and by a large cation (Na) at the Na(1) site.     

Geophysical study of the mafic belts along the margins of the japanese islands

Along the margins of the Japanese Islands there are large belts of mafic rocks that are now deeply buried. The origin of the belts is unknown: they could be either remnants of oceanic crust now trapped within the continental area, or they could be igneous bodies of continental origin. In this paper a discussion of this problem is given and new results presented.     

TRMM/PR资料在中尺度模式MM5中的应用(英)

将中尺度非静力模式MM5中的积云参数化Grell方案作了改进,使它含有降水云的云水,即雨水含量,并用该模式对1998年6月29日08时-30日08时(北京时)和1998年7月1日08时-2日08时(北京时)发生在淮河流域的两次特大暴雨进行数值模拟研究,同时通过采用R-qr关系将TRMM/PR(Tropical Rainfall MeasuringMission/Precipition Radar)得到的降水强度资料R计算出比含水量qr,然后用q'v=qv+qr取代原模式中的比湿qv。结果表明将TRMM/PR资料加入模式后,由于PR雷达具有较高的空间分辨率,能够很好地反映中小尺度系统的空间结构,能够使湿度值接近实际,缩短了中尺度系统的发展时间,使得模拟出来的降雨强度、雨量中心位置以及雨带形状更接近实况。