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121.
Dana Procházková Vít Kárník Ivan Brouček Reviewer A. Zátopek 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1980,24(1):102-103
an¶rt;u am mu 15- an 1979. a auu a mumuu auu. 相似文献
122.
Ernest W. Peterson Peter A. Taylor Jørgen Højstrup Niels Otto Jensen Leif Kristensen Erik L. Petersen 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1980,19(3):303-313
Observations of flow over complex terrain taken at Risø during June–July 1978 and numerical studies confirm earlier findings that small variations in surface elevation have significant effects on mean wind profiles. Measured shear stresses in the nonequilibrium region of the flow are consistent with theory but quite different from those obtained assuming simple flux-profile relationships. These findings imply that flux-profile relationships can be quite complicated over other than simple homogeneous terrain. 相似文献
123.
124.
The field relationships and petrographic features of the oceanites of the Reykjanes peninsula suggest that they might have originated as primary magmas. The principal phase relationships of primary liquids formed by the partial melting of lherzolites are defined. The phase relations obtained for oceanite RE78 between 0 and 30 kbar at dry conditions suggest that the oceanite originated as a primary magma at 25 kbar and 1580°C, and erupted at a temperature near 1300°C. 相似文献
125.
Kaare Strøm 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1966,28(1):43-45
Zusammenfassung Durch Kenntnis von Sommer- und Wintertemperaturen in dem südnorwegischen Gebirgssee Flakevatn (Meeresh?he 1448 m) konnte die
Thermik des subpolaren Seetypus charakterisiert werden. Im Sommer herrscht in Flakevatn wiederholte Isothermie bei relativ
hohen Temperaturen, im Winter wird der See ganz ausserordentlich abgekühlt (Fig. 1, Tabelle). Die sommerliche W?rmespeicherung
betr?gt +5800, die winterliche −22500 cal/cm2.
相似文献
126.
S. J. Reid M. Rex P. Von Der Gathen I. Fløisand F. Stordal G. D. Carver A. Beck E. Reimer R. Krüger-Carstensen L. L. De Haan G. Braathen V. Dorokhov H. Fast E. Kyrö M. Gil Z. Lityñska M. Molyneux G. Murphy F. O'Connor F. Ravegnani C. Varotsos J. Wenger C. Zerefos 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1998,30(1):187-207
In this paper, we show that the rate of ozone loss in both polar and mid-latitudes, derived from ozonesonde and satellite data, has almost the same vertical distribution (although opposite sense) to that of ozone laminae abundance. Ozone laminae appear in the lower stratosphere soon after the polar vortex is established in autumn, increase in number throughout the winter and reach a maximum abundance in late winter or spring. We indicate a possible coupling between mid-winter, sudden stratospheric warmings (when the vortex is weakened or disrupted) and the abundance of ozone laminae using a 23-year record of ozonesonde data from the World Ozone Data Center in Canada combined with monthly-mean January polar temperatures at 30 hPa.Results are presented from an experiment conducted during the winter of 1994/95, in phase II of the Second European Stratospheric And Mid-latitude Experiment (SESAME), in which 93 ozone-enhanced laminae of polar origin observed by ozonesondes at different time and locations are linked by diabatic trajectories, enabling them to be probed twice or more. It is shown that, in general, ozone concentrations inside laminae fall progressively with time, mixing irreversibly with mid-latitude air on time-scales of a few weeks. A particular set of laminae which advected across Europe during mid February 1995 are examined in detail. These laminae were observed almost simultaneously at seven ozonesonde stations, providing information on their spatial scales. The development of these laminae has been modelled using the Contour Advection algorithm of Norton (1994), adding support to the concept that many laminae are extrusions of vortex air. Finally, a photochemical trajectory model is used to show that, if the air in the laminae is chemically activated, it will impact on mid-latitude ozone concentrations. An estimate is made of the potential number of ozone molecules lost each winter via this mechanism. 相似文献
127.
Björn A. Malmgren 《Mathematical Geosciences》1976,8(2):165-182
The biserial planktonic foraminiferal species Heterohelix striata (Ehrenberg)has been analyzed by morphometric techniques from six sequential late Maestrichtian core samples from southern Sweden and one sample from the “Dania”quarry of Denmark. The study is based on measurements of number of chambers, size of test (length, width, and thickness),marginal angle, and chamber sizes. In addition, prolocular and apertural sizes were analyzed in the “Dania”quarry sample. The study includes analyses of the ontogenetic development of the tests, stratigraphic variation in size and shape, intrasample variability, and relationship between gross morphology of the test and prolocular and apertural dimensions. 相似文献
128.
Summary Three quantities M, E
1/2
and E
2/3
are used for studying the Balkan earthquake provinces. Most of them show a regular trend of activity, for some of them the observation period of 70 years is too short. Some graphs give evidence of the coincidence or migration of activity. 相似文献
129.
Gerhard Müller Abdel Hafiz Mula Søren Gregersen 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1977,14(1):30-40
The amplitudes of the core reflection PcP are sensitive to the wave velocities and densities in the neighborhood of the core-mantle boundary (CMB). We study the amplitude ratio of the long-period phases PcP and P from two South American deep-focus earthquakes with favorable fault-plane solution, depth and magnitude, as recorded by WWNSS and CSN stations in North America.Comparison is made with long-period PcP/P amplitude ratios, derived from theoretical seismograms for a variety of CMB models. Models from previous studies, which were mainly derived from short-period PcP observations and which are characterized by discrete layers above the CMB, are almost all inconsistent with the long-period data. The data also discriminate against low nonzero S velocities below the CMB. Simple first-order-discontinuity models of the CMB, for instance according to the Jeffreys-Bullen earth model or according to recent models based mainly on free oscillations, explain the data reasonably well.Model improvements are attempted by varying the P-velocity gradient above the CMB. The best amplitude fit is obtained for a rather strong decrease in P velocity with depth in this zone which, however, gives no acceptable traveltime fit for PcP. The scatter in body-wave amplitudes is considerable even for long-period waves and may prevent the correct assessment of that part of the amplitude variation of a phase with distance that is due to the variation of velocities and densities with depth alone. 相似文献
130.
Knut Langhagen 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》1977,9(1):1-8
SummaryAnalysis of Underground Openings with a Distinct Shear Zone A procedure for the analysis of deformations and stresses in the surrounding of an underground opening is demonstrated. For duplication of rock discontinuities in the finite element analysis the joint element of Goodman, Taylor and Brekke is used. A special technique was developed in order to consider the limited tensile strength, the reduction of shearing strength after reaching the peak strength and the limited closure of the joint. A Coulomb failure criterion is used for determining shear fracture. Results of two examples of tunnels with one distinct joint are shown.
Abstract of a short report delivered at the International Symposium on Numerical Methods in Soil Mechanics and Rock Mechanics, Karlsruhe, 1975.
With 8 Figures 相似文献
ZusammenfassungBerechnung von Felshohlräumen mit einer ausgeprägten Scherzone Ein Verfahren zur Berechnung der Verformungen und Spannungen in dem einen Hohlraum umschließenden Gebirge wird erläutert. Zur Nachbildung von Diskontinuitäten wird das von Goodman, Taylor und Brekke entwickelte Kluftelement verwendet. Für dieses linienförmige Element wurde eine spezielle Rechentechnik entwickelt, die die begrenzte Zugfestigkeit der Kluft, den Abfall der Scherfestigkeit nach Erreichen der Spitzenfestigkeit auf die Restscherfestigkeit und die begrenzte Zusammendrückbarkeit erfaßt. Zur Bestimmung des Schubbruches wird das Coulombsche Bruchkriterium benutzt. Berechnungsergebnisse von zwei Beispielen aus dem Tunnelbau mit einer diskret nachgebildeten Großkluft werden gezeigt.
RésuméAnalyse numérique des excavations en roche parcourue par un joint On montre une méthode pour calculer les déformations et les contraintes autour d'un tunnel. Dans la méthode des Eléments Finis on prend un élément développé par Goodman, Taylor et Brekke pour copier des joints. Une méthode de calcul a été développée pour tenir compte de la résistance de traction limitée, la réduction de l'effort de cisaillement après avoir exhausté la résistance de pointe et la fermeture limitée des joints. Pour déterminer la rupture de cisaillement le critère de Coulomb est utilisé. A deux exemples montrés la roche est parcourue par un grand joint.
Abstract of a short report delivered at the International Symposium on Numerical Methods in Soil Mechanics and Rock Mechanics, Karlsruhe, 1975.
With 8 Figures 相似文献